5. MGR管理维护 | 深入浅出MGR

  • GreatSQL社区原创内容未经授权不得随意使用,转载请联系小编并注明来源。
[toc]
今天介绍MGR集群的日常管理维护操作,包括主节点切换,单主&多主模式切换等。手工操作以及利用MySQL Shell两种方式都会分别介绍。
现在有个三节点的MGR集群:
mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members; +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ | CHANNEL_NAME| MEMBER_ID| MEMBER_HOST| MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE | MEMBER_ROLE | MEMBER_VERSION | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ | group_replication_applier | af39db70-6850-11ec-94c9-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.10 |3306 | ONLINE| PRIMARY| 8.0.25| | group_replication_applier | b05c0838-6850-11ec-a06b-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.11 |3306 | ONLINE| SECONDARY| 8.0.25| | group_replication_applier | b0f86046-6850-11ec-92fe-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.12 |3306 | ONLINE| SECONDARY| 8.0.25| +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+

1. 切换主节点 当主节点需要进行维护时,或者执行滚动升级时,就可以对其进行切换,将主节点切换到其他节点。
在命令行模式下,可以使用 group_replication_set_as_primary() 这个udf实现切换,例如:
-- 将Primary角色切换到第二个节点 mysql> select group_replication_set_as_primary('b05c0838-6850-11ec-a06b-00155d064000'); +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | group_replication_set_as_primary('b05c0838-6850-11ec-a06b-00155d064000') | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Primary server switched to: b05c0838-6850-11ec-a06b-00155d064000| +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (1.00 sec)[root@yejr.run:mysql.sock] [(none)]>select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members; +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ | CHANNEL_NAME| MEMBER_ID| MEMBER_HOST| MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE | MEMBER_ROLE | MEMBER_VERSION | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ | group_replication_applier | af39db70-6850-11ec-94c9-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.10 |3306 | ONLINE| SECONDARY| 8.0.25| | group_replication_applier | b05c0838-6850-11ec-a06b-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.11 |3306 | ONLINE| PRIMARY| 8.0.25| | group_replication_applier | b0f86046-6850-11ec-92fe-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.12 |3306 | ONLINE| SECONDARY| 8.0.25| +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+

顺便提一下,在MySQL 5.7版本中,只能通过重启以实现主节点的自动切换,不能手动切换。从这个角度来说,如果想要使用MGR,最好是选择MySQL 8.0版本,而不要使用5.7版本。
如果是用MySQL Shell,则可以调用 setPrimaryInstance() 函数进行切换:
#首先获取cluster对象 MySQL172.16.16.10:3306 sslJS > var c=dba.getCluster() #查看当前各节点列表 MySQL172.16.16.10:3306 sslJS > c.status()"status": "OK", "statusText": "Cluster is ONLINE and can tolerate up to ONE failure.", "topology": { "172.16.16.10:3306": { "address": "172.16.16.10:3306", "memberRole": "PRIMARY", "mode": "R/W", "readReplicas": {}, "replicationLag": null, "role": "HA", "status": "ONLINE", "version": "8.0.25" }, "172.16.16.11:3306": { "address": "172.16.16.11:3306", "memberRole": "SECONDARY", "mode": "R/O", "readReplicas": {}, "replicationLag": null, "role": "HA", "status": "ONLINE", "version": "8.0.25" }, "172.16.16.12:3306": { "address": "172.16.16.12:3306", "memberRole": "SECONDARY", "mode": "R/O", "readReplicas": {}, "replicationLag": null, "role": "HA", "status": "ONLINE", "version": "8.0.25" } }, "topologyMode": "Single-Primary" }, "groupInformationSourceMember": "172.16.16.10:3306" }#执行切换 MySQL172.16.16.10:3306 sslJS > c.setPrimaryInstance('172.16.16.11:3306') Setting instance '172.16.16.11:3306' as the primary instance of cluster 'MGR1'...#罗列了三个节点各自发生的变化 Instance '172.16.16.10:3306' was switched from PRIMARY to SECONDARY. Instance '172.16.16.11:3306' was switched from SECONDARY to PRIMARY. Instance '172.16.16.12:3306' remains SECONDARY.WARNING: The cluster internal session is not the primary member anymore. For cluster management operations please obtain a fresh cluster handle using dba.getCluster().#完成切换 The instance '172.16.16.11:3306' was successfully elected as primary.

2. 切换单主/多主模式 在命令行模式下,可以调用 group_replication_switch_to_single_primary_mode()group_replication_switch_to_multi_primary_mode() 来切换单主/多主模式。
#直接调用函数即可 mysql> select group_replication_switch_to_multi_primary_mode(); +--------------------------------------------------+ | group_replication_switch_to_multi_primary_mode() | +--------------------------------------------------+ | Mode switched to multi-primary successfully.| +--------------------------------------------------+#查看各节点状态 mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members; +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ | CHANNEL_NAME| MEMBER_ID| MEMBER_HOST| MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE | MEMBER_ROLE | MEMBER_VERSION | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ | group_replication_applier | af39db70-6850-11ec-94c9-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.10 |3306 | ONLINE| PRIMARY| 8.0.25| | group_replication_applier | b05c0838-6850-11ec-a06b-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.11 |3306 | ONLINE| PRIMARY| 8.0.25| | group_replication_applier | b0f86046-6850-11ec-92fe-00155d064000 | 172.16.16.12 |3306 | ONLINE| PRIMARY| 8.0.25| +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+#切换成单主模式时可以指定某个节点的 server_uuid,如果不指定则会根据规则自动选择一个新的主节点 #在这里,我选择了指定mgr3节点作为新主 mysql> select group_replication_switch_to_single_primary_mode('b0f86046-6850-11ec-92fe-00155d064000'); +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | group_replication_switch_to_single_primary_mode('b0f86046-6850-11ec-92fe-00155d064000') | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Mode switched to single-primary successfully.| +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

在MySQL Shell中,可以调用 switchToSinglePrimaryMode() 以及 switchToMultiPrimaryMode() 函数进行切换。同样地,函数 switchToSinglePrimaryMode() 里也可以指定某个节点作为新的主节点。
MySQL172.16.16.10:3306 sslJS > var c=dba.getCluster()#切换到多主模式 MySQL172.16.16.10:3306 sslJS > c.switchToMultiPrimaryMode() #切换到单主模式,这里我指定mgr2节点作为新主 MySQL172.16.16.10:3306 sslJS > c.switchToSinglePrimaryMode("172.16.16.11:3306")

注意,在已经是单主模式时,无论是 group_replication_switch_to_single_primary_mode() 还是 switchToSinglePrimaryMode() 函数中指定另一个节点时是不会发生切换的,但也不会报错,只有提示。
3. 添加新节点 接下来我们演示如何向MGR集群中添加一个新节点。
首先,要先完成MySQL Server初始化,创建好MGR专用账户、设置好MGR服务通道等前置工作,这部分的操作可以参考前文 3. 安装部署MGR集群。
接下来,直接执行命令 start group_replication 启动MGR服务即可,新增的节点会进入分布式恢复这个步骤,它会从已有节点中自动选择一个作为捐献者(donor),并自行决定是直接读取binlog进行恢复,还是利用Clone进行全量恢复。
如果是已经在线运行一段时间的MGR集群,有一定存量数据,这时候新节点加入可能会比较慢,建议手动利用Clone进行一次全量复制。还记得前面创建MGR专用账户时,给加上了 BACKUP_ADMIN 授权吗,这时候就排上用场了,Clone需要用到这个权限。
下面演示如何利用Clone进行一次全量数据恢复,假定要新增的节点是 172.16.16.13 (给它命名为 mgr4)。
#在mgr4上设置捐献者 #为了降低对Primary节点的影响,建议选择其他Secondary节点 mysql> set global clone_valid_donor_list='172.16.16.11:3306'; #停掉mgr服务(如果有的话),关闭super_read_only模式,然后开始复制数据 #注意这里要填写的端口是3306(MySQL正常服务端口),而不是33061这个MGR服务专用端口 mysql> stop group_replication; set global super_read_only=0; clone INSTANCE FROM GreatSQL@172.16.16.11:3306 IDENTIFIED BY 'GreatSQL';

全量复制完数据后,该节点会进行一次自动重启。重启完毕后,再次确认 group_replication_group_namegroup_replication_local_addressgroup_replication_group_seeds 这些选项值是否正确,如果没问题,执行 start group_replication 后,该节点应该就可以正常加入集群了。
如果是用MySQL Shell添加新节点则更简单。先执行MySQL Server初始化,并执行 dba.dba.configureInstance() 创建MGR专用账号后。而后,连接到Primary节点,直接调用 addInstance() 函数即可:
#连接到Primary节点 $ mysqlsh --uri GreatSQL@172.16.16.10:3306 MySQL172.16.16.10:3306 sslJS > var c=dba.getCluster() MySQL172.16.16.10:3306 sslJS > c.addInstance('GreatSQL@172.16.16.13:3306')WARNING: A GTID set check of the MySQL instance at '172.16.16.13:3306' determined that it contains transactions that do not originate from the cluster, which must be discarded before it can join the cluster. ... NOTE: 172.16.16.13:3306 is being cloned from 172.16.16.10:3306#<--自动选择一个donor节点 ** Stage DROP DATA: Completed ** Clone Transfer FILE COPY############################################################100%Completed PAGE COPY############################################################100%Completed REDO COPY############################################################100%CompletedNOTE: 172.16.16.13:3306 is shutting down...* Waiting for server restart... ready * 172.16.16.13:3306 has restarted, waiting for clone to finish... ** Stage RESTART: Completed * Clone process has finished: 72.43 MB transferred in about 1 second (~72.43 MB/s)Incremental state recovery is now in progress.* Waiting for distributed recovery to finish... NOTE: '172.16.16.13:3306' is being recovered from '172.16.16.12:3306' * Distributed recovery has finished#新节点成功加入完毕 The instance '172.16.16.13:3306' was successfully added to the cluster.#确认添加成功,已在MGR集群列表中 MySQL172.16.16.10:3306 sslJS > c.describe() { "clusterName": "MGR1", "defaultReplicaSet": { "name": "default", "topology": [ { "address": "172.16.16.10:3306", "label": "172.16.16.10:3306", "role": "HA" }, { "address": "172.16.16.11:3306", "label": "172.16.16.11:3306", "role": "HA" }, { "address": "172.16.16.12:3306", "label": "172.16.16.12:3306", "role": "HA" }, { "address": "172.16.16.13:3306",<--新加入的节点 "label": "172.16.16.13:3306", "role": "HA" } ], "topologyMode": "Single-Primary" } }

确认新节点添加成功。
4. 删除节点 在命令行模式下,一个节点想退出MGR集群,直接执行 stop group_replication 即可,如果这个节点只是临时退出集群,后面还想加回集群,则执行 start group_replication 即可自动再加入。而如果是想彻底退出集群,则停止MGR服务后,执行 reset master; reset slave all; 重置所有复制(包含MGR)相关的信息就可以了。
在MySQL Shell里,只需调用 removeInstance() 函数即可删除某个节点,例如:
MySQL172.16.16.10:3306 sslJS > c.removeInstance('172.16.16.13:3306'); The instance will be removed from the InnoDB cluster. Depending on the instance being the Seed or not, the Metadata session might become invalid. If so, please start a new session to the Metadata Storage R/W instance.Instance '172.16.16.13:3306' is attempting to leave the cluster...The instance '172.16.16.13:3306' was successfully removed from the cluster.

这就将该节点踢出集群了,并且会重置 group_replication_group_seedsgroup_replication_local_address 两个选项值。之后该节点如果想再加入集群,需要调用 addInstance() 重新加回。
5. 异常退出的节点重新加回 当节点因为网络断开、实例crash等异常情况与MGR集群断开连接后,这个节点的状态会变成 UNREACHABLE,待到超过 group_replication_member_expel_timeout + 5 秒后,集群会踢掉该节点。等到这个节点再次启动并执行 start group_replication,正常情况下,该节点应能自动重新加回集群。
在MySQL Shell里,可以调用 rejoinInstance() 函数将异常的节点重新加回集群:
MySQL172.16.16.10:3306 sslJS > c.rejoinInstance('172.16.16.13:3306'); Rejoining instance '172.16.16.13:3306' to cluster 'MGR1'... The instance '172.16.16.13:3306' was successfully rejoined to the cluster.

6. 重启MGR集群 正常情况下,MGR集群中的Primary节点退出时,剩下的节点会自动选出新的Primary节点。当最后一个节点也退出时,相当于整个MGR集群都关闭了。这时候任何一个节点启动MGR服务后,都不会自动成为Primary节点,需要在启动MGR服务前,先设置 group_replication_bootstrap_group=ON,使其成为引导节点,再启动MGR服务,它才会成为Primary节点,后续启动的其他节点也才能正常加入集群。可自行测试,这里不再做演示。
P.S,第一个节点启动完毕后,记得重置选项 group_replication_bootstrap_group=OFF,避免在后续的操作中导致MGR集群分裂。
如果是用MySQL Shell重启MGR集群,调用 rebootClusterFromCompleteOutage() 函数即可,它会自动判断各节点的状态,选择其中一个作为Primary节点,然后拉起各节点上的MGR服务,完成MGR集群重启。可以参考这篇文章:万答#12,MGR整个集群挂掉后,如何才能自动选主,不用手动干预
7. 小结 本文介绍了MGR集群几种常见管理维护操作方法,包括切换主节点,切换单主/多主模式,添加节点,删除节点,异常节点重加入,重启整个MGR集群等。总的来看,利用MySQL Shell管理MGR集群会更简单方便些,也有利于管理平台的封装,不过手工操作的方式也不能忘记,有些时候可能没有配套的MySQL Shell工具,就得靠手工了。
参考资料、文档
  • MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual
  • 数据库内核开发 - 温正湖
  • Group Replication原理 - 宋利兵
免责声明 因个人水平有限,专栏中难免存在错漏之处,请勿直接复制文档中的命令、方法直接应用于线上生产环境。请读者们务必先充分理解并在测试环境验证通过后方可正式实施,避免造成生产环境的破坏或损害。
【5. MGR管理维护 | 深入浅出MGR】Enjoy GreatSQL :)
本文由博客一文多发平台 OpenWrite 发布!

    推荐阅读