Js中安全获取Object深层对象的方法实例

目录

  • 前言
  • 正文
    • 参数
    • 例子
    • lodash的实现:
    • tokey函数:
    • castPath函数:
    • stringToPath函数:
    • memoizeCapped函数:
    • memoize函数:
    • 完整代码如下:
  • 参考资料:
    • 总结

      前言
      【Js中安全获取Object深层对象的方法实例】做前端的小伙伴一定遇到过后端返回的数据有多层嵌套的情况,当我要获取深层对象的值时为防止出错,会做层层非空校验,比如:

      const obj = {goods: {name: 'a',tags: {name: '快速',id: 1,tagType: {name: '标签'}}}}

      当我需要获取tagType.name时判断是这样的

      if (obj.goods !== null&& obj.goods.tags !== null&& obj.goods.tags.tagType !== null) {}

      如果属性名冗长,这断代码就没法看。

      当然ECMAScript2020中已经推出了?.来解决这个问题:

      let name = obj?.goods?.tags?.tageType?.name;

      但是不兼容ES2020的浏览器中怎么处理呢?


      正文
      使用过lodash的同学可能知道,lodash中有个get方法,官网是这么说的:
      _.get(object, path, [defaultValue])

      根据 object对象的path路径获取值。 如果解析 value 是 undefined 会以 defaultValue 取代。


      参数
      1. object (Object) : 要检索的对象。
      2. path (Array|string) : 要获取属性的路径。
      3. [defaultValue] ()* : 如果解析值是 undefined ,这值会被返回。

      例子

      var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] }; ?_.get(object, 'a[0].b.c'); // => 3 ?_.get(object, ['a', '0', 'b', 'c']); // => 3?_.get(object, 'a.b.c', 'default'); // => 'default'

      如此问题解决,但是(就怕有“但是”)

      如果因为项目、公司要求等各种原因我不能使用引入lodash库怎么办呢?

      有了,我们看看lodash是怎么实现的,把代码摘出来不就可以了吗,如此又能快乐的搬砖了~~


      lodash的实现:

      function get(object, path, defaultValue) {const result = object == null ? undefined : baseGet(object, path)return result === undefined ? defaultValue : result}

      这里做的事很简单,先看返回,如果object即返回默认值,核心代码在baseGet中,那我们再来看baseGet的实现

      function baseGet(object, path) {// 将输入的字符串路径转换成数组,path = castPath(path, object)?let index = 0const length = path.length// 遍历数组获取每一层对象while (object != null && index < length) {object = object[toKey(path[index++])] // toKey方法}return (index && index == length) ? object : undefined}?

      这里又用到两个函数castPath(将输入路径转换为数组)、toKey(转换真实key)


      tokey函数:
      /** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */const INFINITY = 1 / 0?/** * Converts `value` to a string key if it's not a string or symbol. * * @private * @param {*} value The value to inspect. * @returns {string|symbol} Returns the key. */function toKey(value) {if (typeof value =https://www.it610.com/article/=='string' || isSymbol(value)) {return value}const result = `${value}`return (result == '0' && (1 / value) == -INFINITY) ? '-0' : result}

      这里主要做了两件事,
      • 如果key类型为String或者symbol则直接返回
      • 如果key为其他类型,则转换为String返回
      这里还用到了isSymbol函数来判断是否为Symbol类型,代码就不贴了,感兴趣的同学可以查看lodash源码


      castPath函数:
      import isKey from './isKey.js'import stringToPath from './stringToPath.js'?/** * Casts `value` to a path array if it's not one. * * @private * @param {*} value The value to inspect. * @param {Object} [object] The object to query keys on. * @returns {Array} Returns the cast property path array. */function castPath(value, object) {if (Array.isArray(value)) {return value}return isKey(value, object) ? [value] : stringToPath(value)}?

      castPath主要是将输入的路径转换为数组的,为后面遍历获取深层对象做准备。

      这里有用到了isKey()与stringToPath().

      isKey比较简单判断当前value是否为object的key。

      stringToPath主要处理输入路径为字符串的情况,比如:'a.b.c[0].d'


      stringToPath函数:

      import memoizeCapped from './memoizeCapped.js'?const charCodeOfDot = '.'.charCodeAt(0)const reEscapeChar = /\(\)?/gconst rePropName = RegExp(// Match anything that isn't a dot or bracket.'[^.[\]]+' + '|' +// Or match property names within brackets.'\[(?:' +// Match a non-string expression.'([^"'][^[]*)' + '|' +// Or match strings (supports escaping characters).'(["'])((?:(?!\2)[^\\]|\\.)*?)\2' +')\]'+ '|' +// Or match "" as the space between consecutive dots or empty brackets.'(?=(?:\.|\[\])(?:\.|\[\]|$))', 'g')?/** * Converts `string` to a property path array. * * @private * @param {string} string The string to convert. * @returns {Array} Returns the property path array. */const stringToPath = memoizeCapped((string) => {const result = []if (string.charCodeAt(0) === charCodeOfDot) {result.push('')}string.replace(rePropName, (match, expression, quote, subString) => {let key = matchif (quote) {key = subString.replace(reEscapeChar, '$1')}else if (expression) {key = expression.trim()}result.push(key)})return result})?

      这里主要是排除路径中的 . 与[],解析出真实的key加入到数组中


      memoizeCapped函数:

      import memoize from '../memoize.js'?/** Used as the maximum memoize cache size. */const MAX_MEMOIZE_SIZE = 500?/** * A specialized version of `memoize` which clears the memoized function's * cache when it exceeds `MAX_MEMOIZE_SIZE`. * * @private * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized. * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoized function. */function memoizeCapped(func) {const result = memoize(func, (key) => {const { cache } = resultif (cache.size === MAX_MEMOIZE_SIZE) {cache.clear()}return key})?return result}?export default memoizeCapped?

      这里是对缓存的key做一个限制,达到500时清空缓存


      memoize函数:
      function memoize(func, resolver) {if (typeof func !== 'function' || (resolver != null && typeof resolver !== 'function')) {throw new TypeError('Expected a function')}const memoized = function(...args) {const key = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, args) : args[0]const cache = memoized.cache?if (cache.has(key)) {return cache.get(key)}const result = func.apply(this, args)memoized.cache = cache.set(key, result) || cachereturn result}memoized.cache = new (memoize.Cache || Map)return memoized}?memoize.Cache = Map

      其实最后两个函数没太看懂,如果输入的路径是'a.b.c',那直接将它转换成数组不就可以吗?为什么要用到闭包进行缓存。

      希望看懂的大佬能给解答一下

      由于源码用到的函数较多,且在不同文件,我将他们进行了精简,


      完整代码如下:

      /*** Gets the value at `path` of `object`. If the resolved value is* `undefined`, the `defaultValue` is returned in its place.* @example* const object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] }** get(object, 'a[0].b.c')* // => 3** get(object, ['a', '0', 'b', 'c'])* // => 3** get(object, 'a.b.c', 'default')* // => 'default'*/safeGet (object, path, defaultValue) {let resultif (object != null) {if (!Array.isArray(path)) {const type = typeof pathif (type === 'number' || type === 'boolean' || path == null ||/^\w*$/.test(path) || !(/.|[(?:[^[]]*|(["'])(?:(?!\1)[^\]|\.)*?\1)]/.test(path)) ||(object != null && path in Object(object))) {path = [path]} else {const result = []if (path.charCodeAt(0) === '.'.charCodeAt(0)) {result.push('')}const rePropName = RegExp(// Match anything that isn't a dot or bracket.'[^.[\]]+|\[(?:([^"'][^[]*)|(["'])((?:(?!\2)[^\\]|\\.)*?)\2)\]|(?=(?:\.|\[\])(?:\.|\[\]|$))', 'g')path.replace(rePropName, (match, expression, quote, subString) => {let key = matchif (quote) {key = subString.replace(/\(\)?/g, '$1')} else if (expression) {key = expression.trim()}result.push(key)})path = result}}let index = 0const length = path.lengthconst toKey = (value) => {if (typeof value =https://www.it610.com/article/=='string') {return value}const result = `${value}`return (result === '0' && (1 / value) === -(1 / 0)) ? '-0' : result}while (object != null && index < length) {object = object[toKey(path[index++])]}result = (index && index === length) ? object : undefined}return result === undefined ? defaultValue : result}

      代码借鉴自lodash

      参考资料:
      • lodash官方文档
      • Github

      总结 到此这篇关于Js中安全获取Object深层对象的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Js获取Object深层对象内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

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