python用户自定义异常的实例讲解

说明
1、程序可以通过创建一个新的异常类来命名它们自己的异常。异常应该是典型的继承自Exception类,直接或间接的方式。
【python用户自定义异常的实例讲解】2、异常python有一个大基类,继承了Exception。因此,我们的定制类也必须继承Exception。
实例

class ShortInputException(Exception):def __init__(self, length, atleast):self.length = lengthself.atleast = atleastdef main():try:s = input('请输入 --> ')if len(s) < 3:# raise引发一个你定义的异常raise ShortInputException(len(s), 3)except ShortInputException as result:#x这个变量被绑定到了错误的实例print('ShortInputException: 输入的长度是 %d,长度至少应是 %d'% (result.length, result.atleast))else:print('没有异常发生')main()

知识点扩展:
自定义异常类型
#1.用户自定义异常类型,只要该类继承了Exception类即可,至于类的主题内容用户自定义,可参考官方异常类class TooLongExceptin(Exception):"this is user's Exception for check the length of name "def __init__(self,leng):self.leng = lengdef __str__(self):print("姓名长度是"+str(self.leng)+",超过长度了")

捕捉用户手动抛出的异常
#1.捕捉用户手动抛出的异常,跟捕捉系统异常方式一样def name_Test():try:name = input("enter your naem:")if len(name)>4:raise TooLongExceptin(len(name))else :print(name) except TooLongExceptin,e_result: #这里异常类型是用户自定义的print("捕捉到异常了")print("打印异常信息:",e_result) #调用函数,执行name_Test()==========执行结果如下:==================================================enter your naem:aaafsdf捕捉到异常了Traceback (most recent call last):打印异常信息: 姓名长度是7,超过长度了姓名长度是7,超过长度了 File "D:/pythoyworkspace/file_demo/Class_Demo/extion_demo.py", line 16, in name_Testraise TooLongExceptin(len(name))__main__.TooLongExceptin: During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:/pythoyworkspace/file_demo/Class_Demo/extion_demo.py", line 26, in name_Test() File "D:/pythoyworkspace/file_demo/Class_Demo/extion_demo.py", line 22, in name_Testprint("打印异常信息:",e_result)TypeError: __str__ returned non-string (type NoneType)

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