Spring中bean的初始化和销毁几种实现方式详解

Bean的生命周期 : 创建bean对象 – 属性赋值 – 初始化方法调用前的操作 – 初始化方法 – 初始化方法调用后的操作 – …-- 销毁前操作 – 销毁方法的调用。
【1】init-method和destroy-method
自定义初始化方法和销毁方法两种方式:xml配置和注解。
① xml配置


② 注解配置
@Scope("singleton")@Lazy@Bean(name="person",initMethod="init",destroyMethod="cleanUp",autowire=Autowire.BY_NAME)public Person person01(){return new Person("lisi", 20); }

单实例bean在容器创建完成前会进行创建并初始化,在容器销毁的时候进行销毁。多实例bean(scope=prototype)在第一次获取该bean实例时才会创建并初始化,且容器不负责该bean的销毁。
【2】InitializingBean 和DisposableBean
InitializingBean 接口:
public interface InitializingBean { void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception; }

在BeanFactory设置完bean属性后执行
需要被bean实现的接口,一旦bean的属性被BeanFactory设置后需要做出反应: 如,执行自定义初始化,或者仅仅是检查是否设置了所有强制属性。
实现InitializingBean 的可替代方式为给bean指定一个自定义的init-method,例如在一个xml bean 定义中。
在bean的属性设置之后进行操作,不返回任何值但是允许抛出异常。
DisposableBean接口:
public interface DisposableBean { void destroy() throws Exception; }

被bean实现的接口,在销毁时释放资源,在Bean销毁的时候调用该方法。
如果销毁一个缓存的单例,一个BeanFactory 可能会调用这个销毁方法。
在容器关闭时,应用上下文会销毁所有的单例bean。
一种替代实现DisposableBean 接口的方案为指定一个自定义的destroy-method方法,例如在一个xml bean定义中。
自定义bean实现上述两个接口
@Componentpublic class Cat implements InitializingBean,DisposableBean { public Cat(){System.out.println("cat constructor..."); } @Override public void destroy() throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println("cat...destroy..."); } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println("cat...afterPropertiesSet..."); }}

测试结果
cat constructor...
cat...afterPropertiesSet...
容器创建完成...
四月 08, 2018 6:35:46 下午 org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
doClose
信息: Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@11028347:
startup date [Sun Apr 08 18:35:46 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
cat...destroy...

【3】@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy
使用JSR250规范定义的两个注解:
@PostConstruct: PostConstruct注解作用在方法上,在依赖注入完成后进行一些初始化操作。这个方法在类被放入service之前被调用,所有支持依赖项注入的类都必须支持此注解。
@PreDestroy:在容器销毁bean之前通知我们进行清理工作
自定义类使用上述两个注解
@Componentpublic class Dog implements ApplicationContextAware { //@Autowired private ApplicationContext applicationContext; public Dog(){System.out.println("dog constructor..."); } //对象创建并赋值之后调用 @PostConstruct public void init(){System.out.println("Dog....@PostConstruct..."); } //容器移除对象之前 @PreDestroy public void detory(){System.out.println("Dog....@PreDestroy..."); } @Override public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {// TODO Auto-generated method stubthis.applicationContext = applicationContext; }}

测试结果如下
dog constructor...
Dog....@PostConstruct...
容器创建完成...
四月 08, 2018 6:42:11 下午 org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
doClose
信息: Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@11028347:
startup date [Sun Apr 08 18:42:10 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
Dog....@PreDestroy...

【4】BeanPostProcessor-Bean后置处理器
① 什么是bean后置处理器
在bean初始化前后进行一些处理工作
  • postProcessBeforeInitialization:在初始化之前工作
  • postProcessAfterInitialization:在初始化之后工作
其接口源码如下:
public interface BeanPostProcessor { Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException; Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException; }

自定义MyBeanPostProcessor实现该接口:
/** * 后置处理器:初始化前后进行处理工作 * 将后置处理器加入到容器中 * @author lfy */@Componentpublic class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor { @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {// TODO Auto-generated method stub System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization..."+beanName+"=>"+bean); return bean; } @Override public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println("BeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization..."+beanName+"=>"+bean); return bean; }}

② BeanPostProcessor原理
AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory中关于bean和BeanPostProcessor执行次序由上到下
//给bean进行属性赋值populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper); //然后调用initializeBean方法Object initializeBean(final String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd){ applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName); //执行自定义初始化 invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd); applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName); }

AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean源码如下:
protected Object initializeBean(final String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {@Overridepublic Object run() {invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean); return null; }}, getAccessControlContext()); }else {//调用意识/通知方法invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean); }Object wrappedBean = bean; if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {//调用bean后置处理器的前置方法wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName); }//调用初始化方法try {invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd); }catch (Throwable ex) {throw new BeanCreationException((mbd != null ? mbd.getResourceDescription() : null),beanName, "Invocation of init method failed", ex); }if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {// //调用bean后置处理器的后置方法wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName); }return wrappedBean; }
AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods方法源码如下:
protected void invokeInitMethods(String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd)throws Throwable {boolean isInitializingBean = (bean instanceof InitializingBean); if (isInitializingBean && (mbd == null || !mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod("afterPropertiesSet"))) {if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {logger.debug("Invoking afterPropertiesSet() on bean with name '" + beanName + "'"); }//调用InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSetif (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {try {AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction() {@Overridepublic Object run() throws Exception {((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet(); return null; }}, getAccessControlContext()); }catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {throw pae.getException(); }}else {((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet(); }}//调用自定义初始化方法if (mbd != null) {String initMethodName = mbd.getInitMethodName(); if (initMethodName != null && !(isInitializingBean && "afterPropertiesSet".equals(initMethodName)) &&!mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod(initMethodName)) {invokeCustomInitMethod(beanName, bean, mbd); }} }
【5】Spring底层使用BeanPostProcessor
Spring框架底层存在大量BeanPostProcessor,如下图:
Spring中bean的初始化和销毁几种实现方式详解
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示例一 :BeanValidationPostProcessor是处理bean校验
其Javadoc如下:
/** * Simple {@link BeanPostProcessor} that checks JSR-303 constraint annotations * in Spring-managed beans, throwing an initialization exception in case of * constraint violations right before calling the bean's init method (if any). * * @author Juergen Hoeller * @since 3.0 */public class BeanValidationPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor, InitializingBean { private Validator validator; private boolean afterInitialization = false; //...}

示例二:ApplicationContextAwareProcessor帮助获取容器上下文
其Javadoc如下:
/** * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor} * implementation that passes the ApplicationContext to beans that * implement the {@link EnvironmentAware}, {@link EmbeddedValueResolverAware}, * {@link ResourceLoaderAware}, {@link ApplicationEventPublisherAware}, * {@link MessageSourceAware} and/or {@link ApplicationContextAware} interfaces. * * Implemented interfaces are satisfied in order of their mention above. * * Application contexts will automatically register this with their * underlying bean factory. Applications do not use this directly. * * @author Juergen Hoeller * @author Costin Leau * @author Chris Beams * @since 10.10.2003 * @see org.springframework.context.EnvironmentAware * @see org.springframework.context.EmbeddedValueResolverAware * @see org.springframework.context.ResourceLoaderAware * @see org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisherAware * @see org.springframework.context.MessageSourceAware * @see org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware * @see org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#refresh() */class ApplicationContextAwareProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor { private final ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext; private final StringValueResolver embeddedValueResolver; //...}

如【3】中的dog类为例,其debug示意图如下:
Spring中bean的初始化和销毁几种实现方式详解
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【6】初始化和销毁方式测试
① 如果一个bean 综合应用下面六种种方式,执行顺序会怎样呢
【Spring中bean的初始化和销毁几种实现方式详解】Bean类如下:
public class Person implements InitializingBean,DisposableBean {private String name; private Integer age=1; public Person(String name, Integer age) {this.name = name; this.age = age; System.out.println("Person(String name, Integer age) constructor"+this); }public Person() {super(); System.out.println("Person() constructor"+age); }public Integer getAge() {return age; }public void setAge(Integer age) {this.age = age; }public String getName() {return name; }public void setName(String name) {this.name = name; }@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Person{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", age=" + age +'}'; } // 自定义init方法public void init(){System.out.println("-----Person.init()-----"+this); }// 自定义销毁方法public void cleanUp(){System.out.println("-----Person.cleanUp()-----"+this); } // InitializingBean的实现方法@Overridepublic void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {System.out.println("-----InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()-----"+this); } //DisposableBean 的实现方法@Overridepublic void destroy() throws Exception {System.out.println("-----DisposableBean.destroy()-----"+this); }//对象创建并赋值之后调用@PostConstructpublic void init2(){System.out.println("-----@PostConstruct-----"+this); }//容器移除对象之前@PreDestroypublic void destory2(){System.out.println("-----@PreDestroy-----"+this); }}

配置类如下:
public class Person implements InitializingBean,DisposableBean {private String name; private Integer age=1; public Person(String name, Integer age) {this.name = name; this.age = age; System.out.println("Person(String name, Integer age) constructor"+this); }public Person() {super(); System.out.println("Person() constructor"+age); }public Integer getAge() {return age; }public void setAge(Integer age) {this.age = age; }public String getName() {return name; }public void setName(String name) {this.name = name; }@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Person{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", age=" + age +'}'; } // 自定义init方法public void init(){System.out.println("-----Person.init()-----"+this); }// 自定义销毁方法public void cleanUp(){System.out.println("-----Person.cleanUp()-----"+this); } // InitializingBean的实现方法@Overridepublic void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {System.out.println("-----InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()-----"+this); } //DisposableBean 的实现方法@Overridepublic void destroy() throws Exception {System.out.println("-----DisposableBean.destroy()-----"+this); }//对象创建并赋值之后调用@PostConstructpublic void init2(){System.out.println("-----@PostConstruct-----"+this); }//容器移除对象之前@PreDestroypublic void destory2(){System.out.println("-----@PreDestroy-----"+this); }}

测试结果如下:
// 创建并初始化Person(String name, Integer age) constructorPerson{name='lisi', age=20}-----@PostConstruct-----Person{name='lisi', age=20}-----InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()-----Person{name='lisi', age=20}-----Person.init()-----Person{name='lisi', age=20}//容器将要销毁-----@PreDestroy-----Person{name='lisi', age=20}-----DisposableBean.destroy()-----Person{name='lisi', age=20}-----Person.cleanUp()-----Person{name='lisi', age=20}

即,最先使用bean的构造器为bean属性赋值,接着JSR250规范定义的两个注解,其次是InitializingBean和DisposableBean接口,最后才是我们自定义的初始化方法和销毁方法。注意,这里还没有引入BeanPostProcessor。
② 在①的基础上添加BeanPostProcessor
实例化bean并进行初始化
//调用构造方法Person(String name, Integer age) constructorPerson{name='lisi', age=20}//bean初始化前BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization...person=>Person{name='lisi', age=20}//初始化操作-----@PostConstruct-----Person{name='lisi', age=20}-----InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()-----Person{name='lisi', age=20}-----Person.init()-----Person{name='lisi', age=20}//bean初始化后操作BeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization...person=>Person{name='lisi', age=20}

过程如下:类构造函数-->BeanPostProcessor-->@PostConstruct-->InitializingBean-->init()-->BeanPostProcessor
销毁bean
-----@PreDestroy-----Person{name='lisi', age=20}-----DisposableBean.destroy()-----Person{name='lisi', age=20}-----Person.cleanUp()-----Person{name='lisi', age=20}

完整图示如下(同颜色的说明相对应):

Spring中bean的初始化和销毁几种实现方式详解
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在调用bean的构造函数时会根据入参为bean属性赋值,如果入参为空则会给bean属性赋予默认值,引用类型为null,基本类型比如int为0。
【7】 @Autowired注解的值何时放入?
如下所示,redisTemplate这个依赖何时被容器注入到RedisController中?

Spring中bean的初始化和销毁几种实现方式详解
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通过上面分析可知,依赖注入是在@PostConstruct注解的方法调用前被完成的(在populateBean()方法中被注入):

Spring中bean的初始化和销毁几种实现方式详解
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那么具体什么时候哪个类完成的 @Autowired注解注入依赖呢?
在类被实例化后由BeanPostProcessor完成的,哪个BeanPostProcessor?
具体是由AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 完成的:

Spring中bean的初始化和销毁几种实现方式详解
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