1(|1: MySQL主从同步 、 主从同步模式)
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NSD DBA2 DAY01
- 案例1:MySQL一主一从
- 案例2:配置主从从同步结构
- 配置半同步复制模式
1 案例1:MySQL一主一从 1.1 问题
- 构建 主-->从 复制结构
- 其中主机192.168.4.10作为主库
- 主机192.168.4.20作为从库
使用2台RHEL 7虚拟机,如图-1所示。其中192.168.4.10是MySQL主服务器,负责提供同步源;另一台192.168.4.20作为MySQL从服务器,通过调取主服务器上的binlog日志,在本地重做对应的库、表,实现与主服务器的AB复制(同步)。
文章图片
图-1
提前为两台MySQL服务器安装好MySQL-server、MySQL-Client软件包,并为数据库用户root修改密码;Linux客户机上则只需安装MySQL-Client软件包即可。
1.3 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:初始化现有库
为了在启用binlog日志及同步之前保持主、从库的一致性,建议进行初始化——备份主服务器上现有的库,然后导入到从服务器上。
当现有库、表都采用MyISAM引擎时,可执行离线备份、恢复,这样更有效率;否则,可通过mysqldump等工具来实现库的导出、导入。
1)备份MySQL Master(192.168.4.10)上现有的库
如果服务器已经启用binlog,建议对日志做一次重置,否则可忽略:
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysql -u root -p
- Enter password://以数据库用户root登入
- .. ..
- mysql> RESET MASTER; //重置binlog日志
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
- mysql> quit//退出mysql> 环境
- Bye
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysqldump -u root -p –all-databases > /root/mytest.sql
- Enter password://验证口令
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]# ls -lh /root/mytest.sql//确认备份结果
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 777172 4月 23 12:21 /root/mytest.sql
先清理目标库,避免导入时冲突。主要是采用InnoDB引擎的库,授权库mysql多采用MyISAM引擎,可不做清理。
- [root@dbsvr2 ~]# mysql -u root -p
- Enter password://以数据库用户root登入
- .. ..
- mysql> DROP DATABASE test; //删除test库
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
- mysql> quit//退出mysql> 环境
- Bye
- [root@dbsvr2 ~]# scp /root/mytest.sql root@192.168.4.20:/
- root@dbsvr1's password://验证对方系统用户root的口令
- mytest.sql 100% 759KB 759.0KB/s 00:00
- [root@dbsvr2 ~]# ls -lh mytest.sql//确认下载结果
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 759K 4月 23 12:22 /mytest.sql
- [root@dbsvr2 ~]# mysql -u root -p < /mytest.sql
- Enter password://验证口令
- mysql> show databases;
- +--------------------+
- | Database |
- +--------------------+
- | information_schema |
- | mysql |
- | performance_schema |
- | sys |
- +--------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1)修改/etc/my.cnf配置,重新启动MySQL服务程序
指定服务器ID号、允许日志同步:
- [root@dbsvr1 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
- [mysqld]
- log_bin=dbsvr1-bin//启用binlog日志,并指定文件名前缀
- server_id = 10//指定服务器ID号
- ......
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service
需要的权限为REPLICATION SLAVE,允许其从Slave服务器访问:
- mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replicater'@'192.168.4.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'pwd123';
- Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.09 sec)
在已经初始化现有库的情况下,查看MASTER状态,记录下当前的日志文件名、偏移的位置(下面SLAVE发起复制时需要用到):
- mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS\G
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- File: dbsvr1-bin.000001 //记住当前的日志文件名
- Position: 154 //记住当前的位置
- Binlog_Do_DB:
- Binlog_Ignore_DB:
- Executed_Gtid_Set:
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1)修改/etc/my.cnf配置,重新启动MySQL服务程序
指定服务器ID号、允许日志同步:
- [root@dbsvr2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
- [mysqld]
- log_bin=dbsvr2-bin//启动SQL日志,并指定文件名前缀
- server_id = 20//指定服务器ID号,不要与Master的相同
- .. ..
配置完成后,重启mysql服务:
- [root@dbsvr2 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service
- mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.4.10',
- -> MASTER_USER='replicater',
- -> MASTER_PASSWORD='pwd123',
- -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='dbsvr1-bin.000002',//对应Master的日志文件
- -> MASTER_LOG_POS=334; //对应Master的日志偏移位置
- Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.12 sec)
- mysql> START SLAVE; //启动复制
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
通过上述连接操作,MASTER服务器的设置信息自动存为master.info文件,以后每次MySQL服务程序时会自动调用并更新,无需重复设置。查看master.info文件的开头部分内容,可验证相关设置:
- [root@dbsvr2 ~]# ls -lh /var/lib/mysql/master.info
- -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 132 4月 23 12:06 /var/lib/mysql/master.info
- [root@dbsvr2 ~]# head /var/lib/mysql/master.info
- 25
- dbsvr1-bin.000001
- 154
- 192.168.4.10
- replicater
- pwd123
- 3306
- 60
- 0
通过SHOW SLAVE STATUS语句可查看从服务器状态,确认其中的IO线程、SQL线程正常运行,才能成功同步:
- mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
- Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
- Master_Host: 192.168.4.1
- Master_User: replicater
- Master_Port: 3306
- Connect_Retry: 60
- Master_Log_File: dbsvr1-bin.000001
- Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
- Relay_Log_File: db2-relay-bin.000003
- Relay_Log_Pos: 321
- Relay_Master_Log_File: dbsvr1-bin.000001
- Slave_IO_Running: Yes //IO线程应该已运行
- Slave_SQL_Running: Yes //SQL线程应该已运行
- Replicate_Do_DB:
- Replicate_Ignore_DB:
- Replicate_Do_Table:
- Replicate_Ignore_Table:
- Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
- Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
- Last_Errno: 0
- Last_Error:
- Skip_Counter: 0
- Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
- Relay_Log_Space: 2490
- Until_Condition: None
- Until_Log_File:
- Until_Log_Pos: 0
- Master_SSL_Allowed: No
- Master_SSL_CA_File:
- Master_SSL_CA_Path:
- Master_SSL_Cert:
- Master_SSL_Cipher:
- Master_SSL_Key:
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
- Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
- Last_IO_Errno: 0
- Last_IO_Error:
- Last_SQL_Errno: 0
- Last_SQL_Error:
- Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
- Master_Server_Id: 10
- Master_UUID: 2d4d8a11-27b7-11e7-ae78-52540055c180
- Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
- SQL_Delay: 0
- SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
- Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
- Master_Retry_Count: 86400
- Master_Bind:
- Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
- Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
- Master_SSL_Crl:
- Master_SSL_Crlpath:
- Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
- Executed_Gtid_Set:
- Auto_Position: 0
- Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
- Channel_Name:
- Master_TLS_Version:
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
步骤四:测试主从同步效果
1)在Master上操作数据库、表、表记录
新建newdb库、newtable表,随意插入几条表记录:
- mysql> CREATE DATABASE newdb; //新建库newdb
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec)
- mysql> USE newdb; //切换到newdb库
- Database changed
- mysql> CREATE TABLE newtable(id int(4)); //新建newtable表
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.46 sec)
- mysql> INSERT INTO newtable VALUES(1234),(5678); //插入2条表记录
- Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.24 sec)
- Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
- mysql> SELECT * FROM newtable; //确认表数据
- +------+
- | id |
- +------+
- | 1234 |
- | 5678 |
- +------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
直接切换到newdb库,并查询newtable表的记录,应该与Master上的一样,这才说明主从同步已经成功生效:
- mysql> USE newdb; //直接切换到newdb库
- Reading table information for completion of table and column names
- You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
- Database changed
- mysql> SELECT * FROM newtable; //输出表记录
- +------+
- | id |
- +------+
- | 1234 |
- | 5678 |
- +------+
- 2 rows in set (0.02 sec)
- mysql> SHOW SLAVE HOSTS;
- +-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
- | Server_id | Host | Port | Master_id | Slave_UUID |
- +-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
- | 2 | | 3306 | 10 | 512cf7c1-27c4-11e7-8f4b-5254007b030b |
- +-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2 案例2:配置主从从同步结构 2.1 问题
- 具体要求如下:
- 配置主机192.168.4.51为主数据库服务器
- 配置主机192.168.4.52为51主机的从库服务器
- 配置主机192.168.4.53为52主机的从库服务器
- 客户端连接主数据库服务器51主机创建的数据,连接52和53主机时,也可以访问到库、表、记录。
使用3台RHEL 7虚拟机,如图-2所示。其中192.168.4.51是MySQL主服务器,负责提供同步源;另一台192.168.4.52作为192.168.4.51从服务器,最后一台192.168.4.53作为192.168.4.52从服务器,通过调取主服务器上的binlog日志,客户端访问主库51 时 创建库表记录 在52 和53 数据库服务器都可以看到
文章图片
图-2
2.3 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:环境准备
为了在启用binlog日志及同步之前保持主、从库的一致性,主从同步未配置之前,要保证从库上要有主库上的数据,禁用selinux,关闭防火墙服务,保证物理连接正常
- [root@db51 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
- [root@db51 ~]# setenforce 0
- [root@db51 ~]# ping -c 2 192.168.4.51
- PING 192.168.4.51 (192.168.4.51) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.4.51: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
- 64 bytes from 192.168.4.51: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms
- --- 192.168.4.51 ping statistics ---
- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms
- rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.059/0.061/0.063/0.002 ms
- [root@db51 ~]# ping -c 2 192.168.4.52
- PING 192.168.4.52 (192.168.4.52) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.4.52: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.698 ms
- 64 bytes from 192.168.4.52: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.365 ms
- --- 192.168.4.52 ping statistics ---
- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
- rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.365/0.531/0.698/0.168 ms
1)对yaya用户进行授权
- [root@db51 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
- mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to yaya@"%" identified by "123456";
- Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)
指定服务器ID号、允许日志同步:
- [root@db51 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
- [mysqld]
- log_bin=db51//启用binlog日志,并指定文件名前缀
- server_id=51//指定服务器ID号
- binlog-format="mixed" // 指定binlog日志格式
- [root@db51 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
- [root@db51 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql/db51.*
- /var/lib/mysql/db51.000001 /var/lib/mysql/db51.index
查看主服务器状态,记录下当前的日志文件名、偏移的位置(下面SLAVE发起复制时需要用到):
- mysql> show master status;
- +-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
- | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
- +-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
- | db51.000002 | 437 | | | |
- +-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1)在服务器192.168.4.52上对user53用户进行授权
- [root@db52 ~]# mysql -u root -p123456
- mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to user53@"192.168.4.53" identified by "654321";
- Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
- [root@db52 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
- [mysqld]
- server_id=52
- log-bin=db52
- binlog-format="mixed"
- log_slave_updates //允许级联复制
- [root@db52 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
- [root@db52 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql/db52.*
- /var/lib/mysql/db52.000001 /var/lib/mysql/db52.index
- [root@db52 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
- mysql> show master status;
- +-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
- | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
- +-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
- | db52.000001 | 154 | | | |
- +-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec) //查看日志文件名、偏移的位置
[root@db52 ~]# mysql -h192.168.4.51 -uyaya -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help; ' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- mysql> //验证成功
[root@db52 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> change master to
-> master_host="192.168.4.51",
-> master_user="yaya",
-> master_password="123456",
-> master_log_file="db51.000002",
-> master_log_pos=437;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.43 sec)
8)启动slave进程
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
9)查看进程状态信息,通过show slave status语句可查看从服务器状态,确认其中的IO线程、SQL线程正常运行,才能成功同步,IO线程和SQL线程必须是Yes
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.4.51
Master_User: yaya
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: db51.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 437
Relay_Log_File: db52-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 315
Relay_Master_Log_File: db51.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 437
Relay_Log_Space: 521
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 51
Master_UUID: 81a13101-aa66-11e8-ad11-525400019e62
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
步骤四:配置从服务器192.168.4.53
1)验证主库的授权用户
- [root@db53 ~]# mysql -h192.168.4.52 -uuser53 -p654321
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 7
- Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
- Type 'help; ' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- mysql> //验证成功
- [mysqld]
- validate_password_policy=0
- validate_password_length=6
- server_id=53
- [root@db53 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
- [root@db53 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
- mysql> change master to
- -> master_host="192.168.4.52",
- -> master_user="user53",
- -> master_password="654321",
- -> master_log_file=" db52.000001",
- -> master_log_pos=154;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.37 sec)
- mysql> start slave;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
- mysql> show slave status\G
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
- Master_Host: 192.168.4.52
- Master_User: user53
- Master_Port: 3306
- Connect_Retry: 60
- Master_Log_File: db52.000001
- Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
- Relay_Log_File: db53-relay-bin.000003
- Relay_Log_Pos: 315
- Relay_Master_Log_File: db52.000001
- Slave_IO_Running: Yes
- Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
1)在主服务器上在主库上授权访问gamedb库的用户
- [root@db51 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
- mysql> grant all on gamedb.* to dada@"%" identified by "123456";
- Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)
- [root@room9pc01 ~]# mysql -h192.168.4.51 -udada -p123456
- Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 7
- Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
- Type 'help; ' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- MySQL [(none)]> //验证成功
- MySQL [(none)]> create database gamedb; //创建测试库
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
- MySQL [(none)]> create table gamedb.t1(id int); //在gamedb下创建t1表
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
- MySQL [(none)]> insert into gamedb.t1 values(8888); //在t1表中插入数值
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.22 sec)
- [root@room9pc01 ~]# mysql -h192.168.4.52 -udada -p123456 //验证52主机的状态
- Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 10
- Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
- Type 'help; ' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- MySQL [(none)]> select * from gamedb.t1; //查询插入的表格
- +------+
- | id |
- +------+
- | 8888 |
- +------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- MySQL [(none)]> exit
- [root@room9pc01 ~]# mysql -h192.168.4.53 -udada -p123456 //验证53主机的状态
- Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 6
- Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
- Type 'help; ' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- MySQL [(none)]> select * from gamedb.t1;
- +------+
- | id |
- +------+
- | 8888 |
- +------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3 配置半同步复制模式 3.1 问题
- 开启案例1 主库192.168.4.51 半同步复制模式
- 开启案例1 从库192.168.4.52 半同步复制模式
- 开启案例1 从库192.168.4.53 半同步复制模式
- 查看半同步复制模式是否开启
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:查看是否允许动态加载模块,
1)查看是否允许动态加载模块默认允许
- mysql> show variables like 'have_dynamic_loading';
- +----------------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +----------------------+-------+
- | have_dynamic_loading | YES |
- +----------------------+-------+
- 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
主库上面操作:
- mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME 'semisync_master.so';
- mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME 'semisync_slave.so';
- mysql> SELECT PLUGIN_NAME, PLUGIN_STATUS FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PLUGINS WHERE PLUGIN_NAME LIKE '%semi%';
- +----------------------+---------------+
- | PLUGIN_NAME | PLUGIN_STATUS |
- +----------------------+---------------+
- | rpl_semi_sync_master | ACTIVE |
- | rpl_semi_sync_slave | ACTIVE |
- +----------------------+---------------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
主库上面执行:
- mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> show variables like "rpl_semi_sync_%_enabled";
- +------------------------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +------------------------------+-------+
- | rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled | ON |
- | rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled | ON |
- +------------------------------+-------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
主库配置
- [root@master51 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
- [mysqld]
- plugin-load=rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so
- rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1
- [root@slave52 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
- [mysqld]
- plugin-load=rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so
- rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1
- [root@master51 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
- [mysqld]
- plugin-load \
- ="rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so; rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"
- rpl-semi-sync-master-enabled = 1
- rpl-semi-sync-slave-enabled = 1
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