ES6~ES11新特性
ES6-ES11
Author:gavin,本文是尚硅谷ES学习个人笔记ES6 P2-什么是 ES6?
视频链接
P3-let 变量成名及特性
- 不能重复声明
- 块级作用域
- 不存在变量提升,在声明前写无用
- 不影响作用链
P5-const 声明常量及特点
- 一定要赋初始值
- 一般常量使用大写
- 常量值不能修改(一般用数组,对象)
- 块级作用域
// 1.数组解构
const F4 = ["小明", "小红", "小亮", "小白"];
let [mk, hs, ll, bd] = F4;
// 2.对象解构
const ming = {
name: "小明",
age: "18",
};
let { name, age } = ming;
P7-模板字符串
// 1.声明
let str = `I am string`;
// 2.内容可直接出现换行符
let str = `isString`;
// 3.变量拼接
let lovest = "刘德华";
let out = `${lovest}是我的偶像`;
P8-对象简写方法
let name = '小明',
let age = 18,
const person={
name,
age,
improve(){
console.log('我能工作')
}
}
P9-箭头函数及声明
// 声明
let fn = function () {};
let fn = (a, b) => {
return a + b;
};
// 调用
fn(a, b);
// 1. this始终指向所在作用域下的 this 的值// 2. 不能作为构造实例对象方法
let Person = (name, age) => {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
};
let me = new Person("xiaoming", 20);
// 3. 不能使用 arguments 变量
let fn = () => {
console.log(arguments);
};
fn(1, 2, 3);
// 4. 箭头函数简写
// 形参唯一,可省略小括号
// 代码体一句,省略花括号,此时return必须省略,且语句执行结果即返回值
let pow = (n) => n * n;
P10- 箭头函数应用场景
// 1. 定时器回调,使用作用域this
// 2. 从数组中返回偶数元素
const arr = [1, 5, 6, 7, 652];
const result = arr.filter((item) => item % 2 === 0);
console.log(result);
// 适合与this 无关回调,定时器、数组方法回调
// 不适合与 this 有关的回调,事件回调、对象的方法
P11- 函数参数默认值设置
// 1. 形参初始值,有默认值的参数,位置要靠后(潜规则)
add(a,b,c=10){
return a + b + c;
}
let result add(1,2);
// 2. 与解构赋值结合
function connect({ host = "127.0.0.1", username, password, port }) {
console.log(host);
console.log(username);
console.log(password);
console.log(port);
}
connect({
username: "root",
password: "root",
port: 3306,
});
P12- rest 参数
// ES5获取实参
function date() {
console.log(arguments);
}
date("ming", "gavin", "lily");
// rest参数必许放到参数最后
function date(a, b, ...args) {
console.log(args);
//数组
}
date(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
P13-P14 扩展运算符介绍及运用
"..."扩展运算符能将"数组"转化为"参数序列"
// 1. 数组合并
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const fh = ["增益", "零花"];
const he = [...arr, ...fh];
console.log(he);
// 2. 数组的克隆
const szh = ["E", "G"];
const syc = [...szh];
console.log(syc);
//3. 将伪数组转为真正数组
const divs = document.querySelectorAll("div");
const divArr = [...divs];
console.log(divArr);
P15-Symbol 的介绍与创建
js 的第七种类型,用来解决命名冲突
// 创建Symbol
let s = Symbol();
let s2 = Symbol("gavin");
let s3 = Symbol("gavin");
console.log(s2 === s3);
let s4 = Symbol.for("gavin");
console.log(s4, typeof s4);
// 不能与其他数据进行计算
// let result = s + s;
// USONB
// u undefined
// s String Symbol
// o Object
// n null Number
// b Boolean
P16-Symbol 的运用
const game = {
up() {
console.log("up!");
},
down() {
console.log("down");
},
};
// First:向一对象外部添加Symbol;
let methods = {
up: Symbol(),
down: Symbol(),
};
game[methods.up] = () => {
console.log("Up To");
};
game[methods.down] = () => {
console.log("Down to");
};
console.log("game对象", game);
// Second:内部定义Symbol
let steam = {
name: "狼人杀",
[Symbol("say")]: () => {
console.log("I can Say!");
},
[Symbol("run")]: () => {
console.log("Run to world");
},
};
console.log("steam", steam);
P17-Symbol 的内置属性(不常用)
P18-19 迭代器介绍???
// 迭代器遍历对象原理
const four = ["唐僧", "孙悟空", "沙僧"];
let iterator = four[Symbol.iterator]();
// console.log(iterator.next());
// 声明对象
const myclass = {
name: "高一一班",
studensts: ["ming", "ling", "星星"],
[Symbol.iterator]() {
// 索引变量
let index = 0;
let _this = this;
return {
next: function () {
if (index < _this.studensts.length) {
const result = { value: _this.studensts[index], done: false };
// 下标自增,返回结果
index++;
return result;
} else {
return { value: undefined, done: true };
}
},
};
},
};
//遍历对象且为students成员
for (let v of myclass) {
console.log(v);
}
P20-生成器函数声明和调用
// 生成器是一个特殊的函数
// 异步编程、纯回调函数、node fsajaxmongodb
function* gen() {
yield "一只羊";
yield "两只羊";
yield "三只羊";
}// let iterator = fen();
for (let v of gen()) {
console.log(v);
}
P21-生成器函数的参数传递
function* gen(arg) {
console.log(arg);
let one = yield 111;
console.log(one);
let two = yield 222;
console.log(two);
let three = yield 333;
console.log(three);
}// 执行获取迭代器对象
let iterator = gen("AAA");
console.log(iterator.next());
// next方法可传实参
console.log(iterator.next("BBB"));
console.log(iterator.next("CCC"));
console.log(iterator.next("DDD"));
P22-P23 生成器函数实例
//异步编程 文件操作 网络操作 数据库操作
// 需求:1s后输出111、2s后输出222、3s后输出333
// 回调地狱
setTimeout(() => {
console.log(111);
setTimeout(() => {
console.log(222);
setTimeout(() => {
console.log(333);
}, 3000);
}, 2000);
}, 1000);
function one() {
setTimeout(() => {
console.log(111);
iterator.next();
}, 1000);
}
function two() {
setTimeout(() => {
console.log(222);
iterator.next();
}, 2000);
}
function three() {
setTimeout(() => {
console.log(333);
iterator.next();
}, 3000);
}
function* gen() {
yield one();
yield two();
yield three();
}//第二个例子
function getUsers() {
setTimeout(() => {
let data = "https://www.it610.com/article/用户数据";
iterator.next(data);
}, 1000);
}
function getOrders() {
setTimeout(() => {
let data = "https://www.it610.com/article/订单数据";
iterator.next(data);
}, 1000);
}
function getGoods() {
setTimeout(() => {
let data = "https://www.it610.com/article/商品数据";
iterator.next(data);
}, 1000);
}
function* gen() {
let user = yield getUsers();
console.log(user);
let orders = yield getOrders();
console.log(orders);
let goods = yield getGoods();
console.log(goods);
}
// 调用生成器函数
let iterator = gen();
iterator.next();
P24-Promise 介绍与基本使用
const p = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
setTimeout(() => {
// let data = "https://www.it610.com/article/数据库中的数据";
// resolve(data);
let err = "数据读取失败";
reject(err);
}, 1000);
});
p.then(
function (value) {
console.log(value);
},
function (reason) {
console.log(reason);
}
);
P25-Promise 封装读取文件
const fs = require("fs");
const p = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
fs.readFile("./es6学习.md", (err, data) => {
// 判断失败
if (err) reject(err);
// 成功
resolve(data);
});
});
p.then(
(value) => {
console.log(value.toString());
},
(err) => {
console.log("失败!!!", err);
}
);
P26-Promise 封装 AJAX 请求
const p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
// 创建对象
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
// 初始化
xhr.open(
"GET",
"http://rap2api.taobao.org/app/mock/293221/manage/category/info"
);
// 发送
xhr.send();
// 绑定事件
xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
if (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300) {
resolve(xhr.response);
} else {
reject(xhr.status);
}
}
};
});
// 指定回调
p.then(
function (value) {
console.log(value);
},
(reason) => {
console.log(reason);
}
);
P27-Promise.prototype.then 方法
// 创建Promise对象
const p = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
setTimeout(() => {
let data = "https://www.it610.com/article/数据库中的数据";
resolve(data);
// let err = "数据读取失败";
// reject(err);
}, 1000);
});
// 调用then方法,then方法的返回结果是Promise对象,对象状态由回调函数的执行结果决定
// 1. 返回结果是 非promise类型的属性,状态为成功,返回值为对象成功值。
// 链式调用
p.then(function (value) {
console.log(value);
}).then((result) => {
console.log(result);
});
28-Promise 实践练习-多个文件内容读取
import fs = require('fs')
fs.readFile("./resources/one.md", (err, data) => {});
const p =new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
fs.readFile('./one.md'),(err,data) => {
resolve(data);
}
})
p .then((value) => {
return new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
fs.readFile('./two.md',(err,data) => {
resolve([value,data])
})
})
}).then((value) => {
return new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
fs.readFile('./three.md',(err,data) => {
value.push(data);
resolve(value)
})
})
}).then((value) => {
console.log(value)
})
P29-Promise 的 catch 方法
const p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
reject("err");
}, 1000);
});
p.then((result) => {
console.log(result);
}).catch((err) => {
console.log(err);
});
P30-集合介绍与 API
// 声明一个set
let s = new Set();
let s2 = new Set(["123", "456", "789", "123"]);
// 元素个数
console.log(s2.size);
// 添加新的元素
s2.add("000");
// 删除元素
s2.delete("111");
// 检测
console.log(s2.has("789"));
// 清空
s2.clear(s2);
console.log(s2);
// forof遍历
for (let v of s2) {
console.log(v);
}
P31-集合实践
let arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3];
// 数组去重
let result = [...new Set(arr)];
console.log(result);
// 交集
let arr2 = [4, 5, 6, 7];
// result = result.filter((item) => {
//let s2 = new Set(arr2);
//if (s2.has(item)) {
//return true;
//} else {
//return false;
//}
// });
result = [...new Set(arr)].filter((item) => new Set(arr2).has(item));
console.log(result);
// 并集
let union = [...new Set([...arr, ...arr2])];
console.log(union);
// 差集
let diff = [...new Set(arr)].filter((item) => !new Set(arr2).has(item));
console.log(diff);
P32-Map 的介绍与 API
// 声明Map
let m = new Map();
// 添加元素
m.set("name", "gavin");
m.set("change", () => {
console.log("We can change!");
});
let key = {
school: "SCHOOL",
};
m.set(key, ["北京", "上海", "广州"]);
// size
console.log(m.size);
// 删除
m.delete("name");
// 获取
console.log(m.get("change"));
console.log(m.get(key));
// 清空
m.clear();
// 遍历
for (const v of m) {
console.log(v);
}
P33-class 认识
// ES5函数工厂
function Phone(brand, price) {
this.brand = brand;
this.price = price;
}
Phone.prototype.call = function () {
console.log("我可打电话!");
};
// 实例化对象
let Huawei = new Phone("华为", 666);
Huawei.call();
console.log(Huawei);
// ES6类
class shouji {
// 构造方法
constructor(brand, price) {
this.brand = brand;
this.price = price;
}
call() {
"我可Call you!";
}
}
let oppo = new shouji("oppo", 9999);
console.log(oppo);
P34-class 静态成员
// ES5
function Phone() {}
(Phone.name = "手机"),
(Phone.change = function () {
console.log("我可改变世界");
});
Phone.prototype.size = "5英尺";
let nokia = new Phone();
console.log(nokia.name);
console.log(nokia.size);
// ES6
class Phone {
// 静态成员
static name = "手记";
static change() {
console.log("you cab change world!");
}
}
let nokia = new Phone();
console.log(nokia.name);
console.log(Phone.name);
P35-ES5 构造函数继承
// 手机
function Phone(brand, price) {
this.brand = brand;
this.price = price;
}
Phone.prototype.call = function () {
console.log("我可Call you!");
};
// 智能手机
function SmartPhone(brand, price, color, size) {
Phone.call(this, brand, price);
this.color = color;
this.size = size;
}
// 设置构造函数的原型
SmartPhone.prototype = new Phone();
SmartPhone.prototype.constructor = SmartPhone;
// 声明子类方法
SmartPhone.prototype.playGame = function () {
console.log("我可打游戏");
};
const oppo = new SmartPhone("OPPO", 1234, "White", "6inch");
console.log(oppo);
P36-class 的类继承 P37-子类对父类方法的重写
class Phone {
constructor(brand, price) {
this.brand = brand;
this.price = price;
}
call() {
console.log("我可打电话");
}
}
class SmartPhone extends Phone {
constructor(brand, price, color, size) {
super(brand, price);
this.color = color;
this.size = size;
}
photo() {
console.log("我可拍照!");
}
playGame() {
console.log("我可打游戏");
}
call() {
console.log("我可视频通话!!!");
}
}
const xiaomi = new SmartPhone("小米", 1221, "粉色", "6英寸");
console.log(xiaomi);
xiaomi.call();
xiaomi.photo();
xiaomi.playGame();
P38-getter 和 setter 的设置
class Phone {
get price() {
console.log("价格属性被读取");
return "isme";
}
get price() {
console.log("价格属性被修改");
}
}
let s = new Phone();
console.log(s);
s.price = "free";
P39-40-ES6 的数值扩展&&对象方法扩展
// Object.assign 对象合并
const config1 = {
host: "localhost3000",
prot: 3306,
name: "root",
test: "2",
};
const config2 = {
host: "localhost5000",
prot: 3307,
name: "gavin",
};
console.log(Object.assign(config1, config2));
// {host: 'localhost5000', prot: 3307, nam: 'gavin'}
P41-P42-P43-P44-模块化
ES6 之前的模块化规范有:
- CommonJS => NodeJS、Browserify
- AMD => requireJS
- CMD => seaJS
- export 命令用于规定模块的对外接口
- import 命令用于输入其他模块提供的功能
// 1. 通用导入方式
import * as m1 from "./a.js";
// 2.解构赋值形式
import { school, teacher } from "./a.js";
import { school as guigu, teacher } from "./a.js";
// 3.简便形式(针对默认暴露)
import A from "./a.js";
P45-浏览器使用 ES6 的另一种方式
P46-babel 对 ES6 模块化代码转换
- 安装工具
babel-cli babel-preset-env browerify(webpack)
- 转译
npx babel src/js -d dist/js
- 打包
npx browserify dist/js/app.js -o dist/bundle.js
P48-ES7 新特性
- includes 判断数组是否含有某元素
- 2 ** 10 (2 的 10 次方)
async function fn() {
// 1.返回一个字符串
// return "硅谷";
// 只要不回调reject,就是成功Promise对象
// return;
// 2.抛出错误,返回结果为一个失败的Promise对象
// return new Error("出错了");
// 3. 返回的结果为Promise对象
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
// resolve("成功");
reject("失败");
});
}
const result = fn();
console.log(result);
// 调用then方法
result.then(
(value) => {
console.log(value);
},
(err) => {
console.warn(err);
}
);
P50-P51-ES8-async 与 await 读取文件内容
function study() {
fs.readFile("../es6学习.md", (err, data) => {
if (err) reject(err);
resolve(data);
});
}
async function main() {
let study = await study();
console.log(study.toString());
}
main();
P52-async 与 await 结合发请求
用同步的方法写异步请求,await 等待后能收到具体值,非 Promise 对象
// 请求封装
function sendAJAX() {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
//1.创建对象
const x = new XMLHttpRequest();
// 2.初始化
x.open("GET", url);
// 3.发送
x.send();
// 4.事件绑定
x.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (x.readyState === 4) {
if (x.status >= 200 && x.status < 300) {
resolve(x.response);
} else {
reject(x.status);
}
}
};
});
}
// promise then 方法测试
// sendAJAX("http://rap2api.taobao.org/app/mock/293221/manage/user/add")
//.then((value) => {
//console.log(value);
//})
//.catch((err) => {
//console.log(err);
//});
// async与await测试
async function main() {
let result = await sendAJAX(
"http://rap2api.taobao.org/app/mock/293221/manage/user/add"
);
console.log(result);
}
P53-ES8 对象方法扩展
const school = {
name: "硅谷",
subject: ["web", "JAVA", "大数据"],
};
//获取对象所有键
console.log(Object.keys(school));
// 获取对象所有值
console.log(Object.values(school));
// 获取entries对象
console.log(Object.entries(school));
// ★ 多用来创建Map
const m = new Map(Object.entries(school));
console.log(m);
// 创建属性的描述对象
console.log(Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(school));
P54-ES9 扩展运算符与 rest 参数
// ES9中为对象提供了和数组一样的rest参数和扩展运算符
function connect({ host, port, ...user }) {
console.log(host), console.log(port), console.log(user);
}
connect({
host: "localhost",
port: "3306",
username: "gavin",
password: "12345",
});
const skillOne = {
q: "吃饭",
};
const skillTwo = {
w: "睡觉",
e: "打游戏",
};
const gavin = { ...skillOne, ...skillTwo };
console.log(gavin);
P55-ES9 正则扩展-命名捕获分组
将符合正则的数据收集并命名
// 声明字符串
let str = "b站";
// 提取url和[标签文本]
// const reg = /(.*)<\/a>/;
// 命名捕获分组
const reg = /.*)'>(?.*)<\/a>/;
// 执行
const result = reg.exec(str);
console.log(result);
// console.log(result[1]);
// console.log(result[2]);
console.log(result.groups.url);
console.log(result.groups.text);
P56-ES9 正则扩展-反向断言
【ES6~ES11新特性】从后向前匹配
// 声明字符串
let str = "JS12345你知道么555啦啦啦";
// 正向断言
// const reg = /\d+(?=啦)/;
// const result = reg.exec(str);
// 反向断言
const reg = /(?<=么)\d+/;
const result = reg.exec(str);
console.log(result);
P57-ES9 正则扩展-dotAll 模式
代替换行符
// dot . 元字符,代表除换行符以外的的任意单个字符
let str = `
-
肖申克救赎日期:1998-1-1
-
阿甘正传日期:1998-1-1
`;
// 声明正则
// const reg = /\s+(.*?)<\/a>\s+(.*?)<\/p>/;
const reg = / .*?(?.*?)<\/a>.*?(?
P58-ES10 对象扩展方法 Object.fromEntries
将二维数组变成对象
// 二维数组 数组变对象
// const result = Object.fromEntries([
//["name", "gavin"],
//["object", "Java,大数据,前端"],
// ]);
// console.log(result);
// Map
// const m = new Map();
// m.set("name", "GVIGU");
// const result = Object.fromEntries(m);
// console.log(result);
// Object.entries ES8 对象变数组
const school = {
name: "尚硅谷",
Object: "java",
};
const arr = Object.entries(school);
console.log(arr);
P59-ES10-字符串方法扩展
trim 清空格
let str = "i am gavin";
console.log(str);
console.log(str.trim());
console.log(str.trimStart());
console.log(str.trimEnd());
P60-ES10 数组方法扩展 flat 和 flatMap
将数组扁平化,脱壳
// flat 参数为深度,是个数字
// const arr = [1, 2, 3, [4, 5, 6, [7, 8, 9]]];
// console.log(arr.flat(1));
// flatMap 相当于先Map后flat
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
const result = arr.flatMap((item) => [item * 10]);
console.log(result);
P61-创建 Symbol 的 description
创建 Symbol 描述
// 创建Symbol
let s = Symbol("尚硅谷");
console.log(s.description);
P62-ES11-class 私有属性
class Person {
name;
// 私有属性
#age;
#weight;
constructor(name, age, weight) {
this.name = name;
this.#age = age;
this.#weight = weight;
}
intro() {
console.log(this.#age);
console.log(this.#weight);
}
}
const girl = new Person("小绿", 12, "50kg");
console.log(girl);
// console.log(girl.#age);
girl.intro();
P63-ES11-Promise.allSettled 方法
// 声明两个promise
const p1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve("少了p1");
}, 1000);
});
const p2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
// resolve("少了p2");
reject("error");
}, 1000);
});
// 调用allSettled方法,返回详细Promise对象
const result = Promise.allSettled([p1, p2]);
console.log(result);
// all只在都成功后返回
const res = Promise.all([p1, p2]);
console.log(res);
P64-ES11-String.matchAll
★ 非常实用,用来得到正则批量匹配结果
let str = `
-
肖申克救赎日期:1998-1-1
-
阿甘正传日期:1965-1-1
`;
const reg = /.*?(?.*?)<\/a>.*?(?
P65-ES11-可选链操作符
★ 实用,可用来简化判断
// ?.
function main(config) {
// const dbHost = config && config.db && config.db.host;
const dbHost = config?.db?.host;
console.log(dbHost);
}
main({
db: {
host: "localhost:3000",
username: "root",
},
});
P66-ES11-动态 import
动态引入,懒加载
// 返回值为promise对象,懒加载
import("./hello.js").then((module) => {
module.hello();
});
P67-ES11-BigInt 类型
用来超大数值运算
// 大数值运算
let max = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
console.log(max);
console.log(max + 1);
console.log(max + 2);
console.log(BigInt(max));
console.log(BigInt(max) + BigInt(1));
console.log(BigInt(max) + BigInt(2));
P68-绝对全局对象 globalThis
始终指向全局对象
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