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三.三台路由器静态路由和默认路由实验

三.三台路由器静态路由和默认路由实验
下面的知识点要清楚理解的.具体做法在实验中显示出来
Static Routing and default Routing 静态路由管理距离1 静态路由使用在现实生活中就是点对点 动态路由是每秒更新的 下一跳地址不等同于下一跳路由 扩展ping的用法 S 192.168.50.0 [1/0]via 192.168.20.2 S代表静态路由 [1/0]分别为管理距离和度量值 Ip route [目标地址][目标地址子网掩码][下一跳地址] 默认路由 IP route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 S*表示默认路由
这个知识点要记住： 默认的管理距离 路由源默认 连接接口0 静态路由1 EIGRP90 IGRP100 OSPF110 RIP120 Extemal EIGRP 170 未知255 (这个路由将决不会被使用)

三台路由的静态路由实验 实验用的拓扑图： 先为三台路由配置基本的IP地址 R1 R1(config)#interface f0/0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shut R1(config-if)#interface serial1/0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shut R2 R2(config)#interface serial1/0 R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000 R2(config-if)#no shut R2(config-if)#interface serial1/1 R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000 R2(config-if)#no shut R3 R3(config)#interface f0/0 R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no shut R3(config-if)#interface serial1/0 R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no shut

第一.使用静态路由. 配置静态路由,使各个网段能ping通.静态路由的配置. 分别配置各个路由.把目标地址转发给下一跳的路由来处理.. R1 R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2 R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2 R1(config)#exit R1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set S192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 C192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0 S192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 R1#ping 192.168.3.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/202/644 ms R1#ping 192.168.4.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.4.1, timeout is 2 seconds: U.U.U Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) R1#ping 192.168.3.2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.2, timeout is 2 seconds: ..... Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
在还没有配置R2 R3 的静态路由时,能ping通192.168.3.1 不能ping通192.168.3.2 也不能ping通192.168.4.1说明静态路由只能到达下一跳路由的地址.
R2 R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1 %Inconsistent address and mask R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1 R2(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2 R2#ping 192.168.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 72/128/208 ms R2#ping 192.168.4.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.4.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 48/66/116 ms 这里提示的错误就是把前面的192.168.1.0的网段写成了IP地址,我经常打错.要记得是到达的网络而不是到达的某个主机. 测试可以ping通 192.168.1.1 和 192.168.4.1

R3 R3(config)#IP route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 R3(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 R3(config)#exit R3#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 S192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1 S192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1 C192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
用ping命令测试成功. 在192.168.1.0 ping 192.168.4.0可以通.反过来也是可以通的. 这时候三台路由的静态路由都已经配置好.用show ip route 查看各个路由的路由表.观察每一项内容.
第二.使用默认路由.配置默认路由.使路由到达每个目标地址都转发到下一跳的地址来处理. R1 R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2 R1(config)#exit R1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0 C192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0 S*0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2
R2 R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.2 R2(config)#exit R2#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.1 to network 0.0.0.0 C192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0 C192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1 S*0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1 [1/0] via 192.168.3.2
R3 R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1 R3(config)#exit R3#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is 192.168.3.1 to network 0.0.0.0 C192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0 S*0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1
经过测试.各个网段都是可以互相ping通的.这里要记住默认路由的意义和写法. 上面默认路由的源地址也可以用接口来表示(例如：ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s1/0)还是规范表示的好. 平时我们家庭用的adsl路由就只有一条默认路由命令.有路由命令也叫路由器,哈....把通向所有的目标地址都交给下一跳地址(这里指的是ISP动态分配给我们的IP,路由器会自动调节.). 【三.三台路由器静态路由和默认路由实验】
实验总结：三台路由器的静态路由比二台路由器的复杂一些.但是只要熟悉配置静态路由的命令和理解原理也就不难.关键是要理清思路,理解原理. 掌握默认路由的意义. 路由配置回路. 掌握扩展ping的用法. 会用show ip route 查看并理解路由表的内容. 转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/blacknet/41374

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