eNSP解决OSPF不规则区域几个方法和vlink-peer eNSP解决OSPF不规则区域几个方法

因为刚学OSPF路由协议，下面只是个人实验结果，可能也有不准确的地方，请批评指正，谢谢

解决OSPF不规则区域
1、多进程双向重分布
2、Tunnel隧道
3、virtual-link

1、多进程双向重分布：
拓扑：

文章图片

在R3上有两个OSPF进程，当R3双向多进程重分布时，可以看到两边的路由都能学到
关键配置：

[R1]dis cur
#
sysname R1
#
router id 91.1.1.1
#
interface Serial0/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 10
area 0.0.0.0
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
network 12.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
#

[R2]dis cur
#
sysname R2
#
router id 92.2.2.2
#
interface Serial0/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface Serial0/0/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 10
area 0.0.0.0
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 12.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
area 0.0.0.1
network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
#

[R3]dis cur
#
sysname R3
#
router id 93.3.3.3
#
interface Serial0/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 34.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
#
interface Serial0/0/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 10
import-route ospf 100
area 0.0.0.1
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
network 23.1.1.3 0.0.0.0
#
ospf 100
import-route ospf 10
area 0.0.0.0
network 34.1.1.3 0.0.0.0
#

[R4]dis cur
#
sysname R4
#
router id 94.4.4.4
#
interface Serial0/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 34.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 100
area 0.0.0.0
network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
network 34.1.1.4 0.0.0.0
#

这样两边ospf能学到对方路由，但学到是LSA5类外部路由，额外提供LSA4类：
[R4]dis ip rou p os
Route Flags: R - relay, D - downloadto fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 5Routes : 5

OSPF routing table status :
Destinations : 5Routes : 5

Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlags NextHopInterface

1.1.1.1/32O_ASE1501D34.1.1.3Serial0/0/0
2.2.2.2/32O_ASE1501D34.1.1.3Serial0/0/0
3.3.3.0/24O_ASE1501D34.1.1.3Serial0/0/0
12.1.1.0/24O_ASE1501D34.1.1.3Serial0/0/0
23.1.1.0/24O_ASE1501D34.1.1.3Serial0/0/0

2、Tunnel隧道
拓扑：

文章图片

tunnel做在R2、R3上，把tunnel宣告到Area0上，让Area2看上去好像挂在骨干区上
关键配置：
[R2]dis cur
#
sysname R2
#
router id 92.2.2.2
#
interface Serial0/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface Serial0/0/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface Tunnel0/0/0
ip address 100.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
tunnel-protocol gre
source 23.1.1.2
destination 23.1.1.3
#
ospf 10
area 0.0.0.0
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 12.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
network 100.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
area 0.0.0.1
network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
#

[R3]dis cur
#
sysname R3
#
router id 93.3.3.3
#
interface Serial0/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 34.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
#
interface Tunnel0/0/0
ip address 100.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
tunnel-protocol gre
source 23.1.1.3
destination 23.1.1.2
#
ospf 10
import-route ospf 100 cost 2 type 1 tag 100
area 0.0.0.0
network 100.1.1.3 0.0.0.0
area 0.0.0.1
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
network 23.1.1.3 0.0.0.0
area 0.0.0.2
network 34.1.1.3 0.0.0.0
#

这有个很奇怪的问题，在R1上：
[R1]dis ospf abr-asbr

OSPF Process 10 with Router ID91.1.1.1
Routing Table to ABR and ASBR

RtTypeDestinationAreaCost NexthopType
Intra-area 92.2.2.20.0.0.01562 12.1.1.2ABR
Intra-area 93.3.3.30.0.0.03124 12.1.1.2ABR/ASBR

[R1]dis ospf asbr

OSPF Process 10 with Router ID91.1.1.1

[R1]dis ospf lsdb

OSPF Process 10 with Router ID91.1.1.1
Link State Database

Area: 0.0.0.0
TypeLinkState IDAdvRouterAge LenSequenceMetric
Router92.2.2.292.2.2.21562 84800000031562
Router91.1.1.191.1.1.11563 60800000020
Router93.3.3.393.3.3.31563 48800000021562
Sum-Net23.1.1.092.2.2.21573 28800000011562
Sum-Net23.1.1.093.3.3.31572 28800000011562
Sum-Net3.3.3.392.2.2.21563 28800000011562
Sum-Net3.3.3.393.3.3.31572 28800000010
Sum-Net4.4.4.493.3.3.31563 28800000011562
Sum-Net34.1.1.093.3.3.31572 28800000011562
Sum-Asbr 93.3.3.392.2.2.21563 28800000011562
R2居然通告R3是ASBR，并且产生一条LSA4
[R1]dis ospf lsdb asbr

OSPF Process 10 with Router ID91.1.1.1
Area: 0.0.0.0
Link State Database

Type: Sum-Asbr
Ls id: 93.3.3.3
Adv rtr: 92.2.2.2
Ls age: 1648
Len: 28
Options:E
seq#: 80000001
chksum: 0xe65
Tos 0metric: 1562
重启OSPF进程也一样。也就是说，在华为路由器上，没有LSA5也可以产生LSA4，后来练习完下面的vlink-peer再返回来做这个练习，发现又正常了，R1上没有LSA4，只有LSA3的路由，这个可能是缓存当时没有得到彻底的清除所导致

利用tunnel的方法，可以看到R1上收到的Area2的路由是以LSA3类形式存在的，比用第一种双向多进程重分布要好点

3、virtual-link专业工具
拓扑：

文章图片

vlink的方法在实际链路上仍然要传递hello报文，只不过由于组播不能超过一跳，单播报文
在R2、R3上配置vlink，关键配置：
[R2]dis cur config ospf
#
ospf 10
area 0.0.0.0
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 12.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
area 0.0.0.1
network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
vlink-peer 93.3.3.3
#

[R3]dis cur config ospf
#
ospf 10
area 0.0.0.1
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
network 23.1.1.3 0.0.0.0
vlink-peer 92.2.2.2
area 0.0.0.2
network 34.1.1.3 0.0.0.0
#
看到
[R1]dis ospf lsdb summary 4.4.4.4

OSPF Process 10 with Router ID91.1.1.1
Area: 0.0.0.0
Link State Database

Type: Sum-Net
Ls id: 4.4.4.4
Adv rtr: 93.3.3.3
Ls age: 510
Len: 28
Options:E
seq#: 80000003
chksum: 0x6262
Net mask: 255.255.255.255
Tos 0metric: 1562
Priority: Medium

[R1]dis ip rou
Route Flags: R - relay, D - downloadto fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 12Routes : 12

Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlags NextHopInterface

1.1.1.0/24Direct 00D1.1.1.1LoopBack0
1.1.1.1/32Direct 00D127.0.0.1LoopBack0
2.2.2.2/32OSPF101562D12.1.1.2Serial0/0/0
3.3.3.3/32OSPF103124D12.1.1.2Serial0/0/0
4.4.4.4/32OSPF104686D12.1.1.2Serial0/0/0
12.1.1.0/24Direct 00D12.1.1.1Serial0/0/0
12.1.1.1/32Direct 00D127.0.0.1Serial0/0/0
12.1.1.2/32Direct 00D12.1.1.2Serial0/0/0
23.1.1.0/24OSPF103124D12.1.1.2Serial0/0/0
34.1.1.0/24OSPF104686D12.1.1.2Serial0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0
比较tunnel和vlink-peer，发现两者都得到LSA3类路由，而且两者都是p2p链路
vlink仍然是p2p类型：
[R2]dis ospf vlink

OSPF Process 10 with Router ID92.2.2.2
Virtual Links

Virtual-link Neighbor-id-> 93.3.3.3, Neighbor-State: Full

Interface: 23.1.1.2 (Serial0/0/1)
Cost: 1562 State: P-2-PType: Virtual
Transit Area: 0.0.0.1
Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Retransmit 5 ,Transmit Delay 1

tunnel也是p2p类型：
[R3]dis ospf int all

OSPF Process 10 with Router ID93.3.3.3
Interfaces
【eNSP解决OSPF不规则区域几个方法和vlink-peer】
Area: 0.0.0.0(MPLS TE not enabled)

Interface: 100.1.1.3 (Tunnel0/0/0)--> 100.1.1.2
Cost: 1562State: P-2-PType: P2PMTU: 1500
Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1
这两者其实很像
和vlink一起的考试经常是说要在Area0上做区域认证，那么请把vlink认证补全，这种问题其实在华为路由器上特别简单，只要在vlink-peer后面接着做相同的认证就可以了

补全不规则区域：
vlink-peer之贪吃蛇一
拓扑：

文章图片

关键配置：
重点在Area1和Area2上配置vlink即可
[R1]dis cur
#
sysname R1
#
router id 91.1.1.1
#
interface Serial0/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 10
area 0.0.0.0
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
network 12.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
#

[R2]dis cur
#
sysname R2
#
router id 92.2.2.2
#
interface Serial0/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface Serial0/0/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 10
area 0.0.0.0
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 12.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
area 0.0.0.1
network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
vlink-peer 93.3.3.3
#

[R3]dis cur
#
sysname R3
#
router id 93.3.3.3
#
interface Serial0/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 34.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
#
interface Serial0/0/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 10
area 0.0.0.1
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
network 23.1.1.3 0.0.0.0
vlink-peer 92.2.2.2
area 0.0.0.2
network 34.1.1.3 0.0.0.0
vlink-peer 94.4.4.4
#

[R4]dis cur
#
sysname R4
#
router id 94.4.4.4
#
interface Serial0/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 34.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
#
interface Serial0/0/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 45.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 10
area 0.0.0.2
network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
network 34.1.1.4 0.0.0.0
vlink-peer 93.3.3.3
area 0.0.0.3
network 45.1.1.4 0.0.0.0
#

[R5]dis cur
#
sysname R5
#
router id 95.5.5.5
#
interface Serial0/0/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 45.1.1.5 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 10
area 0.0.0.3
network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0
network 45.1.1.5 0.0.0.0
#

vlink-peer贪吃蛇二
拓扑：

文章图片

在Area 1、Area 2、Area 3上做vlink，关键配置：

[R1]dis cur
#
sysname R1
#
router id 91.1.1.1
#
interface Serial0/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface Serial0/0/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 10
area 0.0.0.0
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
network 13.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
area 0.0.0.1
network 12.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
vlink-peer 92.2.2.2
#

[R2]dis cur
#
sysname R2
#
router id 92.2.2.2
#
interface Serial0/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface Serial0/0/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 24.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 10
area 0.0.0.1
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 12.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
vlink-peer 91.1.1.1
area 0.0.0.3
network 24.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
vlink-peer 94.4.4.4
#

[R3]dis cur
#
sysname R3
#
router id 93.3.3.3
#
interface Serial0/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 34.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
#
interface Serial0/0/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 13.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 10
area 0.0.0.0
network 13.1.1.3 0.0.0.0
area 0.0.0.2
network 34.1.1.3 0.0.0.0
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
vlink-peer 94.4.4.4
#

[R4]dis cur
#
sysname R4
#
router id 94.4.4.4
#
interface Serial0/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 34.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
#
interface Serial0/0/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 24.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 10
area 0.0.0.2
network 34.1.1.4 0.0.0.0
vlink-peer 93.3.3.3
area 0.0.0.3
network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
network 24.1.1.4 0.0.0.0
vlink-peer 92.2.2.2
#

这里涉及到LSA3选路问题：
[R4]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - downloadto fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 15Routes : 15

Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlags NextHopInterface

1.1.1.1/32 OSPF103124D24.1.1.2Serial0/0/1
2.2.2.2/32OSPF101562D24.1.1.2Serial0/0/1
3.3.3.3/32OSPF101562D34.1.1.3Serial0/0/0
4.4.4.0/24Direct 00D4.4.4.4LoopBack0
以下略。
应该说R4关于1.1.1.1/32的路由从R2、R3收到，有两条做负载均衡才对，但这只有一条。
真实的情况如下：
[R4]dis ospf lsdb

OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 94.4.4.4
Link State Database

Area: 0.0.0.0
略
Area: 0.0.0.2
TypeLinkState IDAdvRouterAge LenSequenceMetric
Sum-Net1.1.1.194.4.4.4940 28800000023124
Sum-Net1.1.1.193.3.3.31275 28800000011562

Area: 0.0.0.3
TypeLinkState IDAdvRouterAge LenSequenceMetric
Sum-Net1.1.1.192.2.2.2960 28800000021562

可以看到，R4收到Area 2的两条，Area 3的一条关于1.1.1.1/32主机路由，由于Area 2中同一条LSA比较metric，最后两条是Area 2和Area 3的路由，它们的metric一样，只不过所在Area区域不同，由于OSPF规定这样的等价路由比较Area区域号，哪个大用哪个，所以ospf把92.2.2.2的1.1.1.1路由放入路由表中（区域零例外，因为区域零最小）

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/happyln/1652777

eNSP解决OSPF不规则区域几个方法和vlink-peer

推荐阅读

vb.net操作硬件 vbnet implements

今日淘汰鸡全国价格今日鸡蛋价格

小宅vr眼镜好用吗小宅魔镜头盔使用说明

毕业季家长的感言美句家长对老师的感言简短

洛神花怎么养护洛神花怎么养能开花

鸿蒙3安全流畅，鸿蒙系统安全程度

2022三九天时间表三九天2021时间表图

暗杀动作手机游戏，暗杀系列游戏大全

ospf路由表分析,OSPF路由表的作用

植发3000个毛囊面积图植发三千个毛囊单位有多少面积

美股怎么选美股怎么选股

世界word安卓,如何使用安卓用手机打印pdf?

关于重阳节的诗词重阳节有哪些诗词

红豆薏米芡实茶哪些人不能喝

香辣帝王蟹的做法帝王蟹做法

万像素|荣耀X30 MAX，不只有大！

想减肥的人少吃鸡翅这些高热量食物减肥期间不要碰

郭德纲的麒麟剧社有发展前途吗？能不能最后收编主流京剧界？

传统的汽配公司在干什么汽配公司属于什么行业

桌游黑暗之魂好玩吗黑暗之魂游戏介绍和攻略