24.Linux系统下动态网络源部署方法（dhcpd） Linux系统基础管理

1.安装dhcp软件注意：安装时需要有配置好的yum仓库，关于yum仓库的配置，祥见Linux下系统的软件安装以及yum源配置（yum仓库搭建、yum命令、rpm命令）
[root@servser ~]# yum install dhcp -y
Loaded plugins: langpacks
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-27.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
PackageArchVersionRepositorySize
================================================================================
Installing:
dhcpx86_6412:4.2.5-27.el7rhel7.0506 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install1 Package
Total download size: 506 k
Installed size: 1.4 M
Downloading packages:
dhcp-4.2.5-27.el7.x86_64.rpm| 506 kB00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-27.el7.x86_641/1
Verifying: 12:dhcp-4.2.5-27.el7.x86_641/1
Installed:
dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-27.el7
Complete!

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2.配置动态网络注意：配置防火墙关闭或者将dhcp服务加入防火墙白名单，详见LInux下防火墙的基本管理（查看、火墙伪装、添加防火墙白名单）
[root@servser ~]# systemctl start dhcpd##安装完成后打开dhcpd服务
[root@servser ~]# systemctl status dhcpd.service##可以看到，服务打不开
dhcpd.service - DHCPv4 Server Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service; disabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2019-02-18 11:52:33 EST; 13s ago
Docs: man:dhcpd(8)
man:dhcpd.conf(5)
Process: 31524 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/dhcpd -f -cf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf -user dhcpd -group dhcpd --no-pid (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Main PID: 31524 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Feb 18 11:52:33 servser.westos.com dhcpd[31524]: you want, please write a su...n
Feb 18 11:52:33 servser.westos.com dhcpd[31524]: in your dhcpd.conf file for...t
Feb 18 11:52:33 servser.westos.com dhcpd[31524]: to which interface eth0 is ...*
Feb 18 11:52:33 servser.westos.com dhcpd[31524]: Feb 18 11:52:33 servser.westos.com dhcpd[31524]: Feb 18 11:52:33 servser.westos.com dhcpd[31524]: Not configured to listen on...!
Feb 18 11:52:33 servser.westos.com dhcpd[31524]: Feb 18 11:52:33 servser.westos.com dhcpd[31524]: This version of ISC DHCP is...e
Feb 18 11:52:33 servser.westos.com systemd[1]: dhcpd.service: main process e...E
Feb 18 11:52:33 servser.westos.com systemd[1]: Unit dhcpd.service entered fa....
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

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[root@servser ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf##打开配置文件，发现配置文件为空，需要查看模板
[root@servser ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
#see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example
#see dhcpd.conf(5) man page
#
[root@servser ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf##复制模板过来
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf’? y
[root@servser ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf##编辑动态网络配置文件

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##写入：

# dhcpd.conf # # Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd ## option definitions common to all supported networks... option domain-name "westos.com"; option domain-name-servers 172.25.68.100; default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200; # Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally. #ddns-update-style none; # If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local # network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented. #authoritative; # Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also # have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection). log-facility local7; # No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the # DHCP server to understand the network topology.# This is a very basic subnet declaration.subnet 172.25.68.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 172.25.68.101 172.25.68.200; option routers 172.25.68.100; }

##其中：

option domain-name "westos.com"; option domain-name-servers 172.25.68.100;	DNS，配置获取到网络的DNS服务域名和域名服务器的IP
default-lease-time 600;	默认租约时间
max-lease-time 7200;	最大租约时间
subnet 172.25.68.0 netmask 255.255.255.0	子网掩码
range 172.25.68.101 172.25.68.200;	可获取的动态IP范围
option routers 172.25.68.100;	获取到网络的网关

3.测试动态网络源： [root@dhcp_test ~]# ifconfig##查看当前已有的IP
eth0: flags=4163mtu 1500
inet 172.25.68.101netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 172.25.68.255
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe00:440bprefixlen 64scopeid 0x20
ether 52:54:00:00:44:0btxqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 370bytes 35553 (34.7 KiB)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 338bytes 36819 (35.9 KiB)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
eth1: flags=4163mtu 1500
ether 52:54:00:24:53:64txqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 156bytes 10332 (10.0 KiB)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
lo: flags=73mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1prefixlen 128scopeid 0x10
looptxqueuelen 0(Local Loopback)
RX packets 275bytes 22000 (21.4 KiB)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 275bytes 22000 (21.4 KiB)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
[root@dhcp_test ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/##切换目录
[root@dhcp_test network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-eth0-1ifdown-pppifup-ethifup-sit
ifcfg-loifdown-routesifup-ipppifup-Team
ifdownifdown-sitifup-ipv6ifup-TeamPort
ifdown-bnepifdown-Teamifup-isdnifup-tunnel
ifdown-ethifdown-TeamPortifup-plipifup-wireless
ifdown-ipppifdown-tunnelifup-plusbinit.ipv6-global
ifdown-ipv6ifupifup-postnetwork-functions
ifdown-isdnifup-aliasesifup-pppnetwork-functions-ipv6
ifdown-postifup-bnepifup-routes
[root@dhcp_test network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0-1 ifcfg-eth1##复制配置文件
[root@dhcp_test network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth1##编辑配置文件
##写入

TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=dhcp NAME=eth1 ONBOOT=yes DEVICE=eth1

[root@dhcp_test network-scripts]# systemctl restart network重启网络服务
[root@dhcp_test network-scripts]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163mtu 1500
inet 172.25.68.101netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 172.25.68.255
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe00:440bprefixlen 64scopeid 0x20
ether 52:54:00:00:44:0btxqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 1469bytes 130431 (127.3 KiB)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 1048bytes 121340 (118.4 KiB)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
eth1: flags=4163mtu 1500
inet 172.25.68.108netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 172.25.68.255##可以看到eth1成功获得到了动态IP
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe24:5364prefixlen 64scopeid 0x20
ether 52:54:00:24:53:64txqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 360bytes 20100 (19.6 KiB)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 22bytes 3891 (3.7 KiB)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
lo: flags=73mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1prefixlen 128scopeid 0x10
looptxqueuelen 0(Local Loopback)
RX packets 275bytes 22000 (21.4 KiB)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 275bytes 22000 (21.4 KiB)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
24.Linux系统下动态网络源部署方法（dhcpd）

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##查看日志也可以看到动态IP获取的来源
Feb 18 12:50:43 localhost NetworkManager: DHCPREQUEST on eth1 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x410b580d)
Feb 18 12:50:43 localhost dhclient[4482]: DHCPACK from 172.25.68.100 (xid=0x410b580d)
Feb 18 12:50:43 localhost NetworkManager: DHCPACK from 172.25.68.100 (xid=0x410b580d)
Feb 18 12:50:43 localhost dhclient[4482]: bound to 172.25.68.108 -- renewal in 234 seconds.
Feb 18 12:50:43 localhost NetworkManager: bound to 172.25.68.108 -- renewal in 234 seconds.
Feb 18 12:50:43 localhost NetworkManager[664]: (eth1): DHCPv4 state changed preinit -> reboot
Feb 18 12:50:43 localhost NetworkManager[664]: address 172.25.68.108
Feb 18 12:50:43 localhost NetworkManager[664]: plen 24 (255.255.255.0)
Feb 18 12:50:43 localhost NetworkManager[664]: gateway 172.25.68.100
Feb 18 12:50:43 localhost NetworkManager[664]: server identifier 172.25.68.100
Feb 18 12:50:43 localhost NetworkManager[664]: lease time 600
Feb 18 12:50:43 localhost NetworkManager[664]: nameserver '172.25.68.100'
Feb 18 12:50:43 localhost NetworkManager[664]: domain name 'westos.com'
【24.Linux系统下动态网络源部署方法（dhcpd）】