如何利用python写GUI及生成.exe可执行文件
目录
- 一.GUI(Graphical User Interface(图形用户接口))
- 1.导入需要用到的包
- 2.获取文件夹中所有图片
- 3.定义一个类windows
- 4.创建窗口和frame
- 5.定义需要用到的函数(下一页、上一页等按钮要用到的)
- 6.创建按钮、画布,调用主程序
- 效果展示
- 完整代码
- 二.生成exe文件
- 1.安装pyinstaller
- 2.打包python程序
- 3.运行exe文件
- 4.常用命令参数
- 效果展示
- 执行exe应用
- 总结
一.GUI(Graphical User Interface(图形用户接口))
1.导入需要用到的包
import tkinter as tkimport tkinter.messageboximport copyimport os
2.获取文件夹中所有图片
def get_picture(dirs):'''获得所有图片'''picture_list = []for dir, dir_abs, files in os.walk(dirs):for file in files:if file.endswith('.png'):# 注意检查分析数据格式picture_list.append(os.path.join(dir, file))return picture_list
3.定义一个类windows
class Window:button_list = []object_list = []pictures = get_picture("F:\\pic\\class-1\\classresnet\\data\\dangerous")file = pictures[0]is_show = Trueindex = 0image_file = ''
4.创建窗口和frame
def __init__(self):'''创建窗口和frame'''self.window = tk.Tk()self.window.title('护目镜安全检测')self.window.geometry('600x400')self.frame = tk.Frame(self.window)self.frame.pack()self.frame_l = tk.Frame(self.frame)self.frame_r = tk.Frame(self.frame)self.frame_l.pack(side='left')self.frame_r.pack(side='right')self.frame_ll = tk.Frame(self.frame_r)self.frame_rr = tk.Frame(self.frame_r)self.frame_ll.pack(side='left')self.frame_rr.pack(side='right')
5.定义需要用到的函数(下一页、上一页等按钮要用到的)
def next_picture(self):'''下一张图片'''self.index = self.pictures.index(self.file)self.index += 1if self.index < len(self.pictures):self.checkout_button()self.file = self.pictures[self.index]self.create_canvas(self.file)else:self.index = len(self.pictures) - 1tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提示', '已近是最后一张了') def checkout_button(self):'''判断列表中是否只有button对象'''object_list_copy = copy.copy(self.object_list)for ob in self.object_list:if ob in self.button_list:passelse:b = object_list_copy.pop(self.object_list.index(ob))b.destroy()self.object_list = object_list_copy def pre_picture(self):'''上一页'''self.index = self.pictures.index(self.file)self.index -= 1if self.index >= 0:self.checkout_button()self.file = self.pictures[self.index]self.create_canvas(self.file)else:self.index = 0tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提示', '已经是第一张了') def show_picture(self):'''展示图片和翻页按钮'''self.file = self.pictures[0]if self.is_show:self.is_show = Falseself.create_canvas(self.file)button1 = tk.Button(self.frame_ll, text='上一张', font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='orange',command=self.pre_picture, relief='ridge', )button1.pack()button2 = tk.Button(self.frame_rr, text='下一张', font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='orange',command=self.next_picture, relief='ridge', )button2.pack()self.button_list.append(button1)self.button_list.append(button2)self.object_list.extend(self.button_list)else:self.is_show = Truewhile self.object_list:o = self.object_list.pop()o.destroy()
6.创建按钮、画布,调用主程序
def new_button(self):'''创建展示按钮'''"开始检测和显示结果可在此处新添加tk.button"tk.Button(self.frame_l, text='开始读取', font=('Arial Black', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='green',command=self.show_picture, relief='ridge').pack()# tk.Button(self.frame_l, text='开始检测', font=('Arial Black', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='blue',command=classresnet, relief='ridge').pack() def create_canvas(self, file):'''用画布展示图片'''self.image_file = tk.PhotoImage(file=file)canvas = tk.Canvas(self.frame_r, height=500, width=600, bg='gray')canvas.create_image(1, 1, anchor='nw', image=self.image_file)canvas.pack()self.object_list.append(canvas) def run(self):'''主程序调用'''self.window.mainloop() if __name__ == '__main__': w = Window()w.new_button()w.run()
效果展示
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完整代码
import tkinter as tkimport tkinter.messageboximport copyimport os# from glob2 import glob# import main """Graphical User Interface(图形用户接口)"""def get_picture(dirs):'''获得所有图片'''picture_list = []for dir, dir_abs, files in os.walk(dirs):for file in files:if file.endswith('.png'):# 注意检查分析数据格式picture_list.append(os.path.join(dir, file))return picture_list class Window:button_list = []object_list = [] # for pngfile in glob("F:\\pic\\class-1\\classresnet\\datas\\*.png"):#main.image_demo()#output_dir = "F:\\pic\\class-1\\classresnet\\data\\try"# 保存截取的图像目录#print('图片获取完成 。。。!')## main.classresnet() pictures = get_picture("F:\\pic\\class-1\\classresnet\\data\\dangerous")file = pictures[0]is_show = Trueindex = 0image_file = '' def __init__(self):'''创建窗口和frame'''self.window = tk.Tk()self.window.title('护目镜安全检测')self.window.geometry('600x400')self.frame = tk.Frame(self.window)self.frame.pack()self.frame_l = tk.Frame(self.frame)self.frame_r = tk.Frame(self.frame)self.frame_l.pack(side='left')self.frame_r.pack(side='right')self.frame_ll = tk.Frame(self.frame_r)self.frame_rr = tk.Frame(self.frame_r)self.frame_ll.pack(side='left')self.frame_rr.pack(side='right') def next_picture(self):'''下一张图片'''self.index = self.pictures.index(self.file)self.index += 1if self.index < len(self.pictures):self.checkout_button()self.file = self.pictures[self.index]self.create_canvas(self.file)else:self.index = len(self.pictures) - 1tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提示', '已近是最后一张了') def checkout_button(self):'''判断列表中是否只有button对象'''object_list_copy = copy.copy(self.object_list)for ob in self.object_list:if ob in self.button_list:passelse:b = object_list_copy.pop(self.object_list.index(ob))b.destroy()self.object_list = object_list_copy def pre_picture(self):'''上一页'''self.index = self.pictures.index(self.file)self.index -= 1if self.index >= 0:self.checkout_button()self.file = self.pictures[self.index]self.create_canvas(self.file)else:self.index = 0tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提示', '已经是第一张了') def show_picture(self):'''展示图片和翻页按钮'''self.file = self.pictures[0]if self.is_show:self.is_show = Falseself.create_canvas(self.file)button1 = tk.Button(self.frame_ll, text='上一张', font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='orange',command=self.pre_picture, relief='ridge', )button1.pack()button2 = tk.Button(self.frame_rr, text='下一张', font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='orange',command=self.next_picture, relief='ridge', )button2.pack()self.button_list.append(button1)self.button_list.append(button2)self.object_list.extend(self.button_list)else:self.is_show = Truewhile self.object_list:o = self.object_list.pop()o.destroy() # def code_button(self):#tk.Button(self.frame_l, text='开始检测', font=('Arial Black', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='blue',#command=main.classresnet, relief='ridge').pack() def new_button(self):'''创建展示按钮'''"开始检测和显示结果可在此处新添加tk.button"tk.Button(self.frame_l, text='开始读取', font=('Arial Black', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='green',command=self.show_picture, relief='ridge').pack()# tk.Button(self.frame_l, text='开始检测', font=('Arial Black', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='blue',command=classresnet, relief='ridge').pack() def create_canvas(self, file):'''用画布展示图片'''self.image_file = tk.PhotoImage(file=file)canvas = tk.Canvas(self.frame_r, height=500, width=600, bg='gray')canvas.create_image(1, 1, anchor='nw', image=self.image_file)canvas.pack()self.object_list.append(canvas) def run(self):'''主程序调用'''self.window.mainloop() if __name__ == '__main__': w = Window()w.new_button()w.run()
二.生成exe文件 在windows下,可以使用pyinstaller打包python程序为exe可执行程序。
1.安装pyinstaller
在cmd命令行窗口运行以下命令安装pyinstaller
pip install pyinstaller
2.打包python程序
在python程序所在目录,执行以下命令
pyinstaller -F xxx.py -w注:如果不加-w,生成的exe文件会同时出现命令行窗口
3.运行exe文件
打包完成后,在对应目录会出现build和dist文件夹,exe文件就出现在dist文件夹,直接运行即可。
4.常用命令参数
(1) -F 指定打包后只生成一个exe格式的文件(dist文件只有一个exe格式的文件T1)
pyinstaller -F T1.py【如何利用python写GUI及生成.exe可执行文件】(2) -i 改变生成程序的icon图标
pyinstaller -F -i ./my.ico T1.py(3) -n NAME,–name=NAME 设置产生文件的名字(mypy)
pyinstaller -F -n mypy -i ./my.ico T1.py效果展示
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执行exe应用
因为是exe应用,是可执行文件了,所以直接双击运行即可,运行效果如下图所示:
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