Python|Python MySQL数据库基本操作及项目示例详解
目录
- 一、数据库基础用法
- 二、项目:银行管理系统
- 1、进行初始化操作
- 2、登录检查,并选择操作
- 3、加入查询功能
- 4、加入取钱功能
- 5、加入存钱功能
一、数据库基础用法 要先配置环境变量,然后cmd安装:pip install pymysql
1、连接MySQL,并创建wzg库
#引入decimal模块import pymysql#连接数据库db=pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='1234',charset='utf8')#创建一个游标对象(相当于指针)cursor=db.cursor()#执行创建数据库语句cursor.execute('create schema wzg default charset=utf8; ')cursor.execute('show databases; ')#fetchone获取一条数据(元组类型)print(cursor.fetchone())#现在指针到了[1]的位置#fetchall获取全部数据(字符串类型)all=cursor.fetchall()for i in all:print(i[0])#关闭游标和数据库连接cursor.close()db.close()
2、创建student表,并插入数据
import pymysql#连接数据库,并打开wzg数据库(数据库已创建)db=pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='1234',charset='utf8',db='wzg')#创建游标对象cursor=db.cursor()try:#创建student表,并执行sql='''create table student(SNO char(10),SNAME varchar(20) NOT NULL,SSEX varchar(1),primary key(SNO))default charset=utf8; '''cursor.execute(sql) #插入一条数据,并执行insert_sql='''insert into student values('200303016','王智刚','男'),('20030001','小明','男')'''cursor.execute(insert_sql) #将数据提交给数据库(加入数据,修改数据要先提交)db.commit() #执行查询语句cursor.execute('select * from student') #打印全部数据all=cursor.fetchall()for i in all:print(i)#发生错误时,打印报错原因except Exception as e:print(e)#无论是否报错都执行finally:cursor.close()db.close()
数据库中char和varchar的区别:
char类型的长度是固定的,varchar的长度是可变的。
例如:存储字符串'abc',使用char(10),表示存储的字符将占10个字节(包括7个空字符),
【Python|Python MySQL数据库基本操作及项目示例详解】使用varchar(10),表示只占3个字节,10是最大值,当存储的字符小于10时,按照实际的长度存储。
二、项目:银行管理系统 完成功能:1.查询 2.取钱 3.存钱 4.退出
练习:创建信息表,并进行匹配
1、创建数据库为(bank),账户信息表为(account)
account_id(varchar(20)) | Account_passwd(char(6)) | Money(decimal(10,2)) |
---|---|---|
001 | 123456 | 1000.00 |
002 | 456789 | 5000.00 |
请输入账号:001
请输入密码:123456
select * from account where account_id=001 and Account_passwd=123456if cursor.fetchall():登录成功else:登录失败
import pymysql# 连接数据库db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', password='1234', charset='utf8')cursor = db.cursor()# 创建bank库cursor.execute('create database bank charset utf8; ')cursor.execute('use bank; ')try:# # 创建表# sql = '''create table account(#account_id varchar(20) NOT NULL,#account_passwd char(6) NOT NULL,#money decimal(10,2),#primary key(account_id)#); '''# cursor.execute(sql)# # 插入数据# insert_sql = '''# insert into account values('001','123456',1000.00),('002','456789',5000.00)# '''# cursor.execute(insert_sql)# db.commit()# # 查询所有数据# cursor.execute('select * from account')# all = cursor.fetchall()# for i in all:#print(i)# 输入账号和密码z=input("请输入账号:")m=input("请输入密码:")# 从account表中进行账号和密码的匹配cursor.execute('select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s',(z,m))# 如果找到,则登录成功if cursor.fetchall():print('登录成功')else:print('登录失败')except Exception as e:print(e)finally:cursor.close()db.close()
1、进行初始化操作
import pymysql# 创建bank库CREATE_SCHEMA_SQL='''create schema bank charset utf8; '''# 创建account表CREATE_TABLE_SQL = '''create table account(account_id varchar(20) NOT NULL,account_passwd char(6) NOT NULL,# decimal用于保存精确数字的类型,decimal(10,2)表示总位数最大为12位,其中整数10位,小数2位money decimal(10,2),primary key(account_id)) default charset=utf8; '''# 创建银行账户CREATE_ACCOUNT_SQL = '''insert into account values('001','123456',1000.00),('002','456789',5000.00); '''# 初始化def init():try:DB = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='1234',charset='utf8')cursor1 = DB.cursor()cursor1.execute(CREATE_SCHEMA_SQL)DB = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='1234',charset='utf8',database='bank')cursor2 = DB.cursor()cursor2.execute(CREATE_TABLE_SQL)cursor2.execute(CREATE_ACCOUNT_SQL)DB.commit()print('初始化成功')except Exception as e:print('初始化失败',e)finally:cursor1.close()cursor2.close()DB.close()# 不让别人调用if __name__ == "__main__":init()
2、登录检查,并选择操作
import pymysql# 定义全局变量为空DB=None# 创建Account类class Account():# 传入参数def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):self.account_id=account_idself.account_passwd=account_passwd# 登录检查def check_account(self):cursor=DB.cursor()try:# 把输入账号和密码进行匹配(函数体内部传入参数用self.)SQL="select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)cursor.execute(SQL)# 匹配成功返回True,失败返回Falseif cursor.fetchall():return Trueelse:return Falseexcept Exception as e:print("错误原因:",e)finally:cursor.close()# 查询余额# def query_money# 取钱# def reduce_money# 存钱# def add_moneydef main():# 定义全局变量global DB# 连接bank库DB=pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="1234",database="bank")cursor=DB.cursor()# 输入账号和密码from_account_id=input("请输入账号:")from_account_passwd=input("请输入密码:")# 输入的参数传入给Account类,并创建account对象account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)# 调用check_account方法,进行登录检查if account.check_account():choose=input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")# 当输入不等于4的时候执行,等于4则退出while choose!="4":# 查询if choose=="1":print("111")# 取钱elif choose=="2":print("222")# 存钱elif choose=="3":print("333")# 上面操作完成之后,继续输入其他操作choose = input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")else:print("谢谢使用!")else:print("账号或密码错误")DB.close()main()
3、加入查询功能
存在银行里的钱可能会产生利息,所以需要考虑余额为小数的问题,需要用到decimal库
import pymysql# 引入decimal模块import decimalDB=Noneclass Account():def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):self.account_id=account_idself.account_passwd=account_passwd# 登录检查def check_account(self):cursor=DB.cursor()try:SQL="select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)cursor.execute(SQL)if cursor.fetchall():return Trueelse:return Falseexcept Exception as e:print("错误",e)finally:cursor.close()# 查询余额def query_money(self):cursor=DB.cursor()try:# 匹配账号密码,并返回moneySQL="select money from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)cursor.execute(SQL)money=cursor.fetchone()[0]# 如果账户有钱就返回金额,没钱返回0.00if money:# 返回值为decimal类型,quantize函数进行四舍五入,'0.00'表示保留两位小数return str(money.quantize(decimal.Decimal('0.00')))else:return 0.00except Exception as e:print("错误原因",e)finally:cursor.close()def main():global DBDB=pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="1234",charset="utf8",database="bank")cursor=DB.cursor()from_account_id=input("请输入账号:")from_account_passwd=input("请输入密码:")account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)if account.check_account():choose=input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")while choose!="4":# 查询if choose=="1":# 调用query_money方法print("您的余额是%s元" % account.query_money())# 取钱elif choose=="2":print("222")# 存钱elif choose=="3":print("333")choose = input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")else:print("谢谢使用")else:print("账号或密码错误")DB.close()main()
4、加入取钱功能
取钱存钱要用update来执行数据库,还要注意取钱需要考虑余额是否充足的问题
import pymysqlimport decimalDB=Noneclass Account():def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):self.account_id=account_idself.account_passwd=account_passwd# 登录检查def check_account(self):cursor=DB.cursor()try:SQL="select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)cursor.execute(SQL)if cursor.fetchall():return Trueelse:return Falseexcept Exception as e:print("错误",e)finally:cursor.close()# 查询余额def query_money(self):cursor=DB.cursor()try:SQL="select money from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)cursor.execute(SQL)money=cursor.fetchone()[0]if money:return str(money.quantize(decimal.Decimal('0.00')))else:return 0.00except Exception as e:print("错误原因",e)finally:cursor.close()# 取钱(注意传入money参数)def reduce_money(self,money):cursor = DB.cursor()try:# 先调用query_money方法,查询余额has_money=self.query_money()# 所取金额小于余额则执行(注意类型转换)if decimal.Decimal(money) <= decimal.Decimal(has_money):# 进行数据更新操作SQL="update account set money=money-%s where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(money,self.account_id,self.account_passwd)cursor.execute(SQL)# rowcount进行行计数,行数为1则将数据提交给数据库if cursor.rowcount==1:DB.commit()return Trueelse:# rollback数据库回滚,行数不为1则不执行DB.rollback()return Falseelse:print("余额不足")except Exception as e:print("错误原因",e)finally:cursor.close()# 存钱# def add_moneydef main():global DBDB=pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="1234",charset="utf8",database="bank")cursor=DB.cursor()from_account_id=input("请输入账号:")from_account_passwd=input("请输入密码:")account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)if account.check_account():choose=input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")while choose!="4":# 查询if choose=="1":print("您的余额是%s元" % account.query_money())# 取钱elif choose=="2":# 先查询余额,再输入取款金额,防止取款金额大于余额money=input("您的余额是%s元,请输入取款金额" % account.query_money())# 调用reduce_money方法,money不为空则取款成功if account.reduce_money(money):print("取款成功,您的余额还有%s元" % account.query_money())else:print("取款失败!")# 存钱elif choose=="3":print("333")choose = input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")else:print("谢谢使用!")else:print("账号或密码错误")DB.close()main()
5、加入存钱功能
存钱功能和取钱功能相似,而且不需要考虑余额的问题,至此已完善当前所有功能
import pymysqlimport decimalDB=Noneclass Account():def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):self.account_id=account_idself.account_passwd=account_passwd# 登录检查def check_account(self):cursor=DB.cursor()try:SQL="select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)cursor.execute(SQL)if cursor.fetchall():return Trueelse:return Falseexcept Exception as e:print("错误",e)finally:cursor.close()# 查询余额def query_money(self):cursor=DB.cursor()try:SQL="select money from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)cursor.execute(SQL)money=cursor.fetchone()[0]if money:return str(money.quantize(decimal.Decimal('0.00')))else:return 0.00except Exception as e:print("错误原因",e)finally:cursor.close()# 取钱def reduce_money(self,money):cursor = DB.cursor()try:has_money=self.query_money()if decimal.Decimal(money) <= decimal.Decimal(has_money):SQL="update account set money=money-%s where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(money,self.account_id,self.account_passwd)cursor.execute(SQL)if cursor.rowcount==1:DB.commit()return Trueelse:DB.rollback()return Falseelse:print("余额不足")except Exception as e:print("错误原因",e)finally:cursor.close()# 存钱def add_money(self,money):cursor = DB.cursor()try:SQL="update account set money=money+%s where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(money,self.account_id,self.account_passwd)cursor.execute(SQL)if cursor.rowcount==1:DB.commit()return Trueelse:DB.rollback()return Falseexcept Exception as e:DB.rollback()print("错误原因",e)finally:cursor.close()def main():global DBDB=pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="1234",charset="utf8",database="bank")cursor=DB.cursor()from_account_id=input("请输入账号:")from_account_passwd=input("请输入密码:")account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)if account.check_account():choose=input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")while choose!="4":# 查询if choose=="1":print("您的余额是%s元" % account.query_money())# 取钱elif choose=="2":money=input("您的余额是%s元,请输入取款金额" % account.query_money())if account.reduce_money(money):print("取款成功,您的余额还有%s元" % account.query_money())else:print("取款失败!")# 存钱elif choose=="3":money=input("请输入存款金额:")if account.add_money(money):print("存款成功,您的余额还有%s元,按任意键继续\n" % (account.query_money()))else:print("存款失败,按任意键继续")choose = input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")else:print("谢谢使用!")else:print("账号或密码错误")DB.close()main()
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