redis部署以及各种数据类型使用命令等详解 redis部署以及各种数据类型使用

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/pyyu/p/9843950.htmlredis博客地址
编译安装redis 开始部署

[root@mcw01 ~]$ ls anaconda-ks.cfgmongodb-linux-x86_64-3.2.8.tgz [root@mcw01 ~]$ wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.10.tar.gz --2022-03-05 18:27:02--http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.10.tar.gz Resolving download.redis.io (download.redis.io)... 45.60.125.1 Connecting to download.redis.io (download.redis.io)|45.60.125.1|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 1738465 (1.7M) [application/octet-stream]Saving to: ‘redis-4.0.10.tar.gz’100%[====================>] 1,738,46563.4KB/sin 25s2022-03-05 18:27:27 (68.2 KB/s) - ‘redis-4.0.10.tar.gz’ saved [1738465/1738465][root@mcw01 ~]$ ls anaconda-ks.cfgmongodb-linux-x86_64-3.2.8.tgzredis-4.0.10.tar.gz [root@mcw01 ~]$ tar xf redis-4.0.10.tar.gz [root@mcw01 ~]$ ls anaconda-ks.cfgmongodb-linux-x86_64-3.2.8.tgzredis-4.0.10redis-4.0.10.tar.gz [root@mcw01 ~]$ cd redis-4.0.10/ [root@mcw01 ~/redis-4.0.10]$ ls#有makefile文件，就不需要./configure配置 00-RELEASENOTESCOPYINGMakefileredis.confruntest-sentineltests BUGSdepsMANIFESTOruntestsentinel.confutils CONTRIBUTINGINSTALLREADME.mdruntest-clustersrc [root@mcw01 ~/redis-4.0.10]$ make

报错 gcc命令没有找到：

cd hiredis && make static make[3]: Entering directory `/root/redis-4.0.10/deps/hiredis' gcc -std=c99 -pedantic -c -O3 -fPIC-Wall -W -Wstrict-prototypes -Wwrite-strings -g -ggdbnet.c make[3]: gcc: Command not found make[3]: *** [net.o] Error 127 make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/redis-4.0.10/deps/hiredis' make[2]: *** [hiredis] Error 2 make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/redis-4.0.10/deps' make[1]: [persist-settings] Error 2 (ignored) CC adlist.o /bin/sh: cc: command not found make[1]: *** [adlist.o] Error 127 make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/redis-4.0.10/src' make: *** [all] Error 2

#解决编译安装所需的依赖环境继续部署

um install gcc patch libffi-devel python-develzlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel openssl openssl-devel -y然后重新执行: [root@mcw01 ~/redis-4.0.10]$ make#发现报错没有某个目录或文件。在这之前编译失败了，目录被改变了部分，所以直接删除重新解压，然后make编译 ...... Hint: It's a good idea to run 'make test' ; )make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/redis-4.0.10/src' [root@mcw01 ~/redis-4.0.10]$ ls 00-RELEASENOTESCOPYINGMakefileredis.confruntest-sentineltests BUGSdepsMANIFESTOruntestsentinel.confutils CONTRIBUTINGINSTALLREADME.mdruntest-clustersrc [root@mcw01 ~/redis-4.0.10]$ make install cd src && make install make[1]: Entering directory `/root/redis-4.0.10/src' CC Makefile.dep make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/redis-4.0.10/src' make[1]: Entering directory `/root/redis-4.0.10/src'Hint: It's a good idea to run 'make test' ; )INSTALL install INSTALL install INSTALL install INSTALL install INSTALL install make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/redis-4.0.10/src' [root@mcw01 ~/redis-4.0.10]$ [root@mcw01 ~/redis-4.0.10]$ redis-c#当编译好之后，就可以命令补全，也就是已经配置好环境变量了 redis-check-aofredis-check-rdbredis-cli [root@mcw01 ~/redis-4.0.10]$ [root@mcw01 ~/redis-4.0.10]$ which redis-server#默认编译安装到/usr/local下去了 /usr/local/bin/redis-server [root@mcw01 ~/redis-4.0.10]$

redis服务端运行和客户端连接

[root@mcw01 ~]$ redis-server#安装好之后，直接运行这个命令 24270:C 05 Mar 18:43:08.857 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 24270:C 05 Mar 18:43:08.857 # Redis version=4.0.10, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=24270, just started 24270:C 05 Mar 18:43:08.857 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf _._ _.-``__ ''-._ _.-```.`_.''-._Redis 4.0.10 (00000000/0) 64 bit .-`` .-```.```\/_.,_ ''-._ (',.-`| `,)Running in standalone mode |`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'|Port: 6379 |`-._`._/_.-'|PID: 24270 `-._`-._`-./_.-'_.-' |`-._`-._`-.__.-'_.-'_.-'| |`-._`-.__.-'_.-'|http://redis.io `-._`-._`-.__.-'_.-'_.-' |`-._`-._`-.__.-'_.-'_.-'| |`-._`-.__.-'_.-'| `-._`-._`-.__.-'_.-'_.-' `-._`-.__.-'_.-' `-.__.-' `-.__.-'24270:M 05 Mar 18:43:08.880 # Server initialized 24270:M 05 Mar 18:43:08.880 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect. 24270:M 05 Mar 18:43:08.880 # WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enabled in your kernel. This will create latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix this issue run the command 'echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled' as root, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a reboot. Redis must be restarted after THP is disabled. 24270:M 05 Mar 18:43:08.880 * Ready to accept connections客户端连接： [root@mcw01 ~]$ redis-cli 127.0.0.1 6379^C #我再开一个窗口，默认连接的ip 端口 [root@mcw01 ~]$ redis-cli#连上之后，ping命令，返回pong,说明连接成功的 127.0.0.1:6379> ping PONG 127.0.0.1:6379>

redis配置

[root@mcw01 ~]$ ln -s redis-4.0.10redis [root@mcw01 ~]$ ls anaconda-ks.cfgdump.rdbmongodb-linux-x86_64-3.2.8.tgzredisredis-4.0.10redis-4.0.10.tar.gz [root@mcw01 ~]$ ls redis 00-RELEASENOTESCOPYINGMakefileredis.confruntest-sentineltests BUGSdepsMANIFESTOruntestsentinel.confutils CONTRIBUTINGINSTALLREADME.mdruntest-clustersrc [root@mcw01 ~]$ cd redis [root@mcw01 ~/redis]$ egrep -v "^#|^$" redis.conf >mcwRedis.conf [root@mcw01 ~/redis]$ cat mcwRedis.conf bind 127.0.0.1 protected-mode yes#保护模式开启，并且绑定ip是本机，应该是不支持远程访问，只支持本机访问。 port 6379 tcp-backlog 511 timeout 0 tcp-keepalive 300 daemonize no supervised no pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid loglevel notice logfile "" databases 16 always-show-logo yes save 900 1 save 300 10 save 60 10000 stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes rdbcompression yes rdbchecksum yes dbfilename dump.rdb dir ./ slave-serve-stale-data yes slave-read-only yes repl-diskless-sync no repl-diskless-sync-delay 5 repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no slave-priority 100 lazyfree-lazy-eviction no lazyfree-lazy-expire no lazyfree-lazy-server-del no slave-lazy-flush no appendonly no appendfilename "appendonly.aof" appendfsync everysec no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100 auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb aof-load-truncated yes aof-use-rdb-preamble no lua-time-limit 5000 slowlog-log-slower-than 10000 slowlog-max-len 128 latency-monitor-threshold 0 notify-keyspace-events "" hash-max-ziplist-entries 512 hash-max-ziplist-value 64 list-max-ziplist-size -2 list-compress-depth 0 set-max-intset-entries 512 zset-max-ziplist-entries 128 zset-max-ziplist-value 64 hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000 activerehashing yes client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0 client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60 client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60 hz 10 aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes [root@mcw01 ~/redis]$

redis简单配置并启动

[root@mcw01 ~/redis]$ cat mcwRedis.conf bind 10.0.0.11 protected-mode yes port 6379 requirepass mcw123 #配置认证密码 daemonize yes #后台守护进程的方式开启 pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid loglevel notice logfile "" [root@mcw01 ~/redis]$ [root@mcw01 ~/redis]$ ls 00-RELEASENOTESCOPYINGMakefileREADME.mdruntest-clustersrc BUGSdepsMANIFESTOredis.confruntest-sentineltests CONTRIBUTINGINSTALLmcwRedis.confruntestsentinel.confutils [root@mcw01 ~/redis]$ redis-server mcwRedis.conf#指定配置文件启动。这应该是后面有注释导致的吧，去掉注释*** FATAL CONFIG FILE ERROR *** Reading the configuration file, at line 4 >>> 'requirepass mcw123 #配置认证密码' Bad directive or wrong number of arguments去掉注释,然后成功启动，这里不能在配置后面加注释，容易出错 [root@mcw01 ~/redis]$ vim mcwRedis.conf [root@mcw01 ~/redis]$ cat mcwRedis.conf bind 10.0.0.11 protected-mode yes port 6379 requirepass mcw123 daemonize yes pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid loglevel notice logfile "" [root@mcw01 ~/redis]$ redis-server mcwRedis.conf 24391:C 05 Mar 19:10:38.749 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 24391:C 05 Mar 19:10:38.749 # Redis version=4.0.10, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=24391, just started 24391:C 05 Mar 19:10:38.749 # Configuration loaded [root@mcw01 ~/redis]$ [root@mcw01 ~/redis]$ netstat -lntup|grep redis #成功启动了 tcp00 10.0.0.11:63790.0.0.0:*LISTEN24392/redis-server [root@mcw01 ~/redis]$ [root@mcw01 ~/redis]$ redis-cli#现在直接这么连接就不行了 Could not connect to Redis at 127.0.0.1:6379: Connection refused Could not connect to Redis at 127.0.0.1:6379: Connection refused not connected> [root@mcw01 ~/redis]$ redis-cli-h 10.0.0.11 -p 6379#指定ip端口连接 10.0.0.11:6379> ping (error) NOAUTH Authentication required. 10.0.0.11:6379> auth mcw123 OK 10.0.0.11:6379> ping#认证之后就可以正常执行命令了 PONG 10.0.0.11:6379>

set、get命令

10.0.0.11:6379> set name mcw OK 10.0.0.11:6379> get name "mcw" 10.0.0.11:6379> set age18 OK 10.0.0.11:6379> get age#它将值改为字符串类型的了 "18" 10.0.0.11:6379>

简单配置文件介绍

bind 192.168.182.130#绑定服务端地址 protected-mode yes#安全模式 port 6800#端口 requirepasshaohaio#密码 daemonize yes#后台运行 pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid#进程id文件 loglevel notice#日志等级 logfile ""

redis基础数据类型

redis是一种高级的key：value存储系统，其中value支持五种数据类型字符串（strings）散列（hashes）列表（lists）集合（sets）有序集合（sorted sets）

redis命令 redis简单命令
keys * 查看所有key
type key 查看key类型
expire key seconds 过期时间
ttl key 查看key过期剩余时间 -2表示key已经不存在了
persist 取消key的过期时间 -1表示key存在，没有过期时间
exists key 判断key存在存在返回1 否则0
del keys 删除key 可以删除多个
dbsize 计算key的数量
flushdb #清除redis所有key,慎用
flushdb #清除redis所有key,慎用
flushdb #清除redis所有key,慎用

keys * 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "age" 2) "name" 10.0.0.11:6379> set gender man OK 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "gender" 2) "age" 3) "name" 10.0.0.11:6379> keys *查看所有key 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "age" 2) "name" 10.0.0.11:6379> set gender man OK 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "gender" 2) "age" 3) "name" 10.0.0.11:6379> type key查看key类型添加一个列表，查看key类型，是列表类型 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "gender" 2) "age" 3) "name" 10.0.0.11:6379> type name string 10.0.0.11:6379> LPUSH paidui1 xiaoma mcw (integer) 2 10.0.0.11:6379> 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "paidui1" 2) "gender" 3) "age" 4) "name" 10.0.0.11:6379> type paidui1 list 10.0.0.11:6379> expire key seconds过期时间 ttl key查看key过期剩余时间-2表示key已经不存在了给已有的paidui1设置一个过期时间多少秒，然后ttlkey可以查看过期时间，当-2时就已经过期了，过期了就已经被移除了 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "paidui1" 2) "gender" 3) "age" 4) "name" 10.0.0.11:6379> EXPIRE paidui1 10 (integer) 1 10.0.0.11:6379> ttl paidui1 (integer) 2 10.0.0.11:6379> ttl paidui1 (integer) 1 10.0.0.11:6379> ttl paidui1 (integer) -2 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "gender" 2) "age" 3) "name" 10.0.0.11:6379> persist取消key的过期时间-1表示key存在，没有过期时间比如下面，将name设置50秒过期，当要取消name的过期时间，执行命令后，ttl值变成-1，就不会出现过期删除的情况了 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "gender" 2) "age" 3) "name" 10.0.0.11:6379> EXPIRE name 50 (integer) 1 10.0.0.11:6379> ttl name (integer) 22 10.0.0.11:6379> ttl name (integer) 19 10.0.0.11:6379> PERSIST name (integer) 1 10.0.0.11:6379> ttl name (integer) -1 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "gender" 2) "age" 3) "name" 10.0.0.11:6379> exists key判断key存在存在返回1否则0 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "gender" 2) "age" 3) "name" 10.0.0.11:6379> exists name (integer) 1 10.0.0.11:6379> exists mcw (integer) 0 10.0.0.11:6379> del keys删除key可以删除多个 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "gender" 2) "age" 3) "name" 4) "myname" 10.0.0.11:6379> del myname (integer) 1 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "gender" 2) "age" 3) "name" 10.0.0.11:6379> dbsize计算key的数量 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "gender" 2) "age" 3) "name" 10.0.0.11:6379> dbsize (integer) 3 10.0.0.11:6379> flushdb#清除redis所有key,慎用 flushdb#清除redis所有key,慎用 flushdb#清除redis所有key,慎用 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "gender" 2) "age" 3) "name" 10.0.0.11:6379> flushdb OK 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * (empty list or set) 10.0.0.11:6379>

字符串类型命令

redis数据类型1,字符串类型,通过set命令,设置字符串类型的key strings类型 set设置key get获取key append追加string mset设置多个键值对 mget获取多个键值对 del删除key incr递增+1 decr递减-1

set设置key get获取key append追加string10.0.0.11:6379> set "name" "mcw" OK 10.0.0.11:6379> get name "mcw" 10.0.0.11:6379> append "name" "Haoren" (integer) 9 10.0.0.11:6379> get name "mcwHaoren" 10.0.0.11:6379> mset设置多个键值对 mget获取多个键值对 10.0.0.11:6379> mset name2 "xiaoma" "name3" xiaohong OK 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "name2" 2) "name" 3) "name3" 10.0.0.11:6379> get name2 "xiaoma" 10.0.0.11:6379> get name3 "xiaohong" 10.0.0.11:6379> 10.0.0.11:6379> mget name name2 name3 1) "mcwHaoren" 2) "xiaoma" 3) "xiaohong" 10.0.0.11:6379> del删除key 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "name2" 2) "name" 3) "name3" 10.0.0.11:6379> del name (integer) 1 10.0.0.11:6379> del name2 name3 (integer) 2 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * (empty list or set) 10.0.0.11:6379> incr递增+1 decr递减-1 相当于把字符串转换为数字，计算后结果再改成字符串。还可以减为负值 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * (empty list or set) 10.0.0.11:6379> set "dian zan" 0 OK 10.0.0.11:6379> get "dian zan" "0" 10.0.0.11:6379> incr "dian zan" (integer) 1 10.0.0.11:6379> incr "dian zan" (integer) 2 10.0.0.11:6379> get "dian zan" "2" 10.0.0.11:6379> incr "dian zan" (integer) 3 10.0.0.11:6379> get "dian zan" "3" 10.0.0.11:6379> decr "dian zan" (integer) 2 10.0.0.11:6379> get "dian zan" "2" 10.0.0.11:6379> 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "dian zan" 10.0.0.11:6379> 10.0.0.11:6379> get "dian zan" "2" 10.0.0.11:6379> decr "dian zan" (integer) 1 10.0.0.11:6379> decr "dian zan" (integer) 0 10.0.0.11:6379> decr "dian zan" (integer) -1 10.0.0.11:6379> decr "dian zan" (integer) -2 10.0.0.11:6379> decr "dian zan" (integer) -3

list类型,双向队列
lpush 从列表左边插
rpush 从列表右边插
lrange 获取一定长度的元素 lrange key start stop
ltrim 截取一定长度列表
lpop 删除最左边一个元素
rpop 删除最右边一个元素
lpushx/rpushx key存在则添加值，不存在不处理

lpush从列表左边插从左边插入，再从左边获取，先插入的在里面后取出，后插入的在左边先取出 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * (empty list or set) 10.0.0.11:6379> lpush paidui mcw1 mcw2 mcw3 mcw4 (integer) 4 10.0.0.11:6379> lrange paidui 0 -1 1) "mcw4" 2) "mcw3" 3) "mcw2" 4) "mcw1" 10.0.0.11:6379> lpush paidui mcw5 (integer) 5 10.0.0.11:6379> lrange paidui 0 -1 1) "mcw5" 2) "mcw4" 3) "mcw3" 4) "mcw2" 5) "mcw1" 10.0.0.11:6379> rpush从列表右边插从列表左边取，第一个取出来的是最后推入的，最后一个取出的是第一个推入的。可以想象成如下排队顺序， mcw5 mcw4 mcw3 mcw2 mcw1 当从右边推入mcw6的时候就是 :mcw5 mcw4 mcw3 mcw2 mcw1 mcw6 当从左边取数据的时候就是：第一次取：mcw5 第二次取: mcw4 .... 第六次取：mcw6 10.0.0.11:6379> lrange paidui 0 -1 1) "mcw5" 2) "mcw4" 3) "mcw3" 4) "mcw2" 5) "mcw1" 10.0.0.11:6379> rpush paidui mcw6 (integer) 6 10.0.0.11:6379> lrange paidui 0 -1 1) "mcw5" 2) "mcw4" 3) "mcw3" 4) "mcw2" 5) "mcw1" 6) "mcw6"lrange获取一定长度的元素lrange keystart stop 取列表类型的数据，指定开始数据和结束数据，比如开始0，结束-1，这是取列表所有的值 10.0.0.11:6379> lrange paidui 0 -1 1) "mcw5" 2) "mcw4" 3) "mcw3" 4) "mcw2" 5) "mcw1" 10.0.0.11:6379> 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "paidui" 10.0.0.11:6379> type paidui list 10.0.0.11:6379> get paidui#列表类型不能用get取值 (error) WRONGTYPE Operation against a key holding the wrong kind of value 10.0.0.11:6379> lrange paid 0 -1#不存在的键 (empty list or set) 10.0.0.11:6379> 10.0.0.11:6379> lrange paidui 0 -1 1) "mcw5" 2) "mcw4" 3) "mcw3" 4) "mcw2" 5) "mcw1" 10.0.0.11:6379> ltrim截取一定长度列表根据查询可知列表数据顺序如下：mcw5 mcw4 mcw3 mcw2 mcw1 索引分别是：01234 这里是从paidui左边截取，从索引1开始，从索引2结束，其中包含索引2的数据，截取之后，这个key的值就变成截取的值了mcw4 mcw3 然后从左边查询，第一个查出来的数据就是mcw4,第二个就是mcw3 10.0.0.11:6379> lrange paidui 0 -1 1) "mcw5" 2) "mcw4" 3) "mcw3" 4) "mcw2" 5) "mcw1" 10.0.0.11:6379> ltrim paidui 1 2 OK 10.0.0.11:6379> lrange paidui 0 -1 1) "mcw4" 2) "mcw3" 10.0.0.11:6379> lpop删除最左边一个元素 rpop删除最右边一个元素根据lrange可以列表数据的顺序是：mcw5 mcw4 mcw3 mcw2 mcw1 mcw6 所以从左边删除，删的是mcw5,从右边删除，删的是mcw6 10.0.0.11:6379> lrange paidui 0 -1 1) "mcw5" 2) "mcw4" 3) "mcw3" 4) "mcw2" 5) "mcw1" 6) "mcw6" 10.0.0.11:6379> lpop paidui "mcw5" 10.0.0.11:6379> rpop paidui "mcw6" 10.0.0.11:6379> lrange paidui 0 -1 1) "mcw4" 2) "mcw3" 3) "mcw2" 4) "mcw1" 10.0.0.11:6379> lpushx/rpushxkey存在则添加值，不存在不处理不存在返回个0。默认key不存在会创建key的 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "paidui" 10.0.0.11:6379> lpushx paid mcw0 (integer) 0 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "paidui" 10.0.0.11:6379> lpushx paidui mcw0 (integer) 5 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "paidui" 10.0.0.11:6379> lrange paidui 0 -1 1) "mcw0" 2) "mcw4" 3) "mcw3" 4) "mcw2" 5) "mcw1" 10.0.0.11:6379>

redis的集合，是一种无序的集合，集合中的元素没有先后顺序。
集合相关的操作也很丰富，如添加新元素、删除已有元素、取交集、取并集、取差集等。我们来看例子：
sadd/srem 添加/删除元素
sismember 判断是否为set的一个元素
smembers 返回集合所有的成员
sdiff 返回一个集合和其他集合的差异
sinter 返回几个集合的交集
sunion 返回几个集合的并集

sadd/srem添加/删除元素 smembers返回集合所有的成员 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * (empty list or set) 10.0.0.11:6379> sadd zoo gou mao zhu#添加 (integer) 3 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "zoo" 10.0.0.11:6379> type zoo set 10.0.0.11:6379> smembers zoo#查询 1) "mao" 2) "zhu" 3) "gou" 10.0.0.11:6379> 10.0.0.11:6379> srem zoo zhu#删除 (integer) 1 10.0.0.11:6379> smembers zoo 1) "mao" 2) "gou" 10.0.0.11:6379> 新增成员 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "zoo" 10.0.0.11:6379> smembers zoo 1) "mao" 2) "gou" 10.0.0.11:6379> sadd zoo zhu #新增 (integer) 1 10.0.0.11:6379> smembers zoo 1) "mao" 2) "zhu" 3) "gou" 10.0.0.11:6379> sismember判断是否为set的一个元素 mao是集合zoo里的成员吗，是，返回的是1； zhu是集合zoo里的成员吗，不是，返回的是0 10.0.0.11:6379> smembers zoo 1) "mao" 2) "gou" 10.0.0.11:6379> sismember zoo mao (integer) 1 10.0.0.11:6379> sismember zoo zhu (integer) 0 10.0.0.11:6379> sdiff返回一个集合和其他集合的差异如下，sdiff 集合1 集合2 返回集合1中有的，而集合2中没有的。就是取差集 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "zoo2" 2) "zoo" 10.0.0.11:6379> smembers zoo 1) "mao" 2) "zhu" 3) "gou" 10.0.0.11:6379> smembers zoo2 1) "she" 2) "zhu" 3) "shu" 10.0.0.11:6379> sdiff zoo zoo2 1) "mao" 2) "gou" 10.0.0.11:6379> sdiff zoo2 zoo 1) "she" 2) "shu" 10.0.0.11:6379> sinter返回几个集合的交集如下，几个集合应该不只是包含两个集合 10.0.0.11:6379> smembers zoo 1) "mao" 2) "zhu" 3) "gou" 10.0.0.11:6379> smembers zoo2 1) "she" 2) "zhu" 3) "shu" 10.0.0.11:6379> sinter zoo zoo2 1) "zhu" 10.0.0.11:6379> sinter zoo2 zoo 1) "zhu" 10.0.0.11:6379> sunion返回几个集合的并集集合取并集，几个集合应该不只是能用两个集合 10.0.0.11:6379> smembers zoo 1) "mao" 2) "zhu" 3) "gou" 10.0.0.11:6379> smembers zoo2 1) "she" 2) "zhu" 3) "shu" 10.0.0.11:6379> sunion zoo zoo2 1) "she" 2) "zhu" 3) "gou" 4) "mao" 5) "shu" 10.0.0.11:6379>

.哈希数据结构
hashes即哈希。哈希是从redis-2.0.0版本之后才有的数据结构。
hashes存的是字符串和字符串值之间的映射，比如一个用户要存储其全名、姓氏、年龄等等，就很适合使用哈希。
hset 设置散列值
hget 获取散列值
hmset 设置多对散列值
hmget 获取多对散列值
hsetnx 如果散列已经存在，则不设置（防止覆盖key）
hkeys 返回所有fileds
hvals 返回所有values
hlen 返回散列包含域（field）的数量
hdel 删除散列指定的域（field）
hexists 判断是否存在

hset 设置散列值 hget获取散列值 10.0.0.11:6379> hset stu1 name "mcw" age 18 height "170" (integer) 3 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "stu1" 10.0.0.11:6379> type stu1 hash 10.0.0.11:6379> hget stu1 name "mcw" 10.0.0.11:6379> hget stu1 age "18" 10.0.0.11:6379> hget stu1 height "170" 10.0.0.11:6379> 10.0.0.11:6379> hset new1 title "happy new year" content "ni hao" (integer) 2 10.0.0.11:6379> hmset设置多对散列值 hmget获取多对散列值 10.0.0.11:6379> 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "stu1" 2) "new1" 10.0.0.11:6379> hmget stu1 name age height 1) "mcw" 2) "18" 3) "170" 10.0.0.11:6379> hsetnx如果散列已经存在，则不设置（防止覆盖key） 10.0.0.11:6379> hsetnx stu2 name "mcw2" age 18 height "168" (error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'hsetnx' command 10.0.0.11:6379> 10.0.0.11:6379> hsetnx stu2 name "mcw2" (integer) 1 10.0.0.11:6379> hsetnx stu2 name "mcw2" (integer) 0 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "stu2" 2) "stu1" 3) "new1" 10.0.0.11:6379> hsetnx stu2 name "mcw1" (integer) 0 10.0.0.11:6379> hget stu2 name#存在stu2，使用hsetnx没被修改 "mcw2" 10.0.0.11:6379> hset stu2 name "mcw1" (integer) 0 10.0.0.11:6379> hget stu2 name#存在stu2，使用hset被修改了 "mcw1" 10.0.0.11:6379> hkeys返回所有fileds 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "stu2" 2) "stu1" 3) "new1" 10.0.0.11:6379> hkeys stu1 1) "name" 2) "age" 3) "height" 10.0.0.11:6379> hvals返回所有values 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "stu2" 2) "stu1" 3) "new1" 10.0.0.11:6379> hvals stu1 1) "mcw" 2) "18" 3) "170" 10.0.0.11:6379> hlen返回散列包含域（field）的数量 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "stu2" 2) "stu1" 3) "new1" 10.0.0.11:6379> hkeys stu1 1) "name" 2) "age" 3) "height" 10.0.0.11:6379> hlen stu1 (integer) 3 10.0.0.11:6379> hkeys new1 1) "title" 2) "content" 10.0.0.11:6379> hlen new1 (integer) 2 10.0.0.11:6379> hdel删除散列指定的域（field） 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "stu2" 2) "stu1" 3) "new1" 10.0.0.11:6379> type stu1 hash 10.0.0.11:6379> 10.0.0.11:6379> hkeys stu1 1) "name" 2) "age" 3) "height" 10.0.0.11:6379> hdel stu1 height#删除指定字段 (integer) 1 10.0.0.11:6379> hkeys stu1 1) "name" 2) "age" 10.0.0.11:6379> hexists判断是否存在 10.0.0.11:6379> keys * 1) "stu2" 2) "stu1" 3) "new1" 10.0.0.11:6379> type stu1 hash 10.0.0.11:6379> hkeys stu1 1) "name" 2) "age" 10.0.0.11:6379> hexists stu1 name#存在字段返回1 (integer) 1 10.0.0.11:6379> hexists stu1 height #不存在字段返回0 (integer) 0 10.0.0.11:6379>

发布订阅
主要应用：通知，公告
可以作为消息队列或者消息管道

一个发布，多个订阅
发布：广播电台频道能发送给所有接收这个频道的人声音信息
订阅：很多人都能接收到这个广播电台的消息
比如qq群公告：一个发布，多个订阅（接收到）

如下，一个发布者，两个订阅者，订阅者1订阅跟python和linux频道有关的消息；订阅者2订阅和golang和Linux有感的消息