第52课|第52课 负载均衡动静分离和负载均衡高可用 2019-06-13
一、负载均衡动静分离实战：
1、根据用户客户端进行转发分流：
1.1 web01、web02基础环境搭建：
[root@web01 ~]# echo this is PC website>/app/www/lidao.html
[root@web02 ~]# echothis is Mobile website>/app/www/lidao.html
[root@lb01 ~]# curl 10.0.0.7/lidao.html
this is PC website
[root@lb01 ~]# curl 10.0.0.8/lidao.html
this is Mobile website
1.2 在lb01上面配置nginx环境：
[root@lb01 ~]# cat/etc/nginx/nginx.conf usernginx;
worker_processes1;
error_log/var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid/var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections1024;
}http {
include/etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_typeapplication/octet-stream;
log_formatmain'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log/var/log/nginx/access.logmain;
sendfileon;
#tcp_nopushon;
keepalive_timeout65;
#gzipon;
upstreamdefault{
server10.0.0.7:80 weight=1max_fails=3fail_timeout=10s;
}
upstreammobile{
server10.0.0.8:80 weight=1max_fails=3fail_timeout=10s;
}
#include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server{
listen80;
server_namewww.oldboy.com;
location/{
if($http_user_agent~*"Android|IOS"){
proxy_passhttp://mobile;
}
proxy_passhttp://default;
proxy_set_headerHost $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
}
}
}
1.3 用curl命令验证：
[root@lb01 ~]# curl10.0.0.5/lidao.html
this is PC website
[root@lb01 ~]# curl -A ios10.0.0.5/lidao.html
this is Mobile website
用火狐浏览器模拟pc端和移动端验证配置：
浏览器验证前需要先进行安装user agent插件，然后设置如下就可验证：
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移动端验证.jpg
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pc端访问.png
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安卓移动端访问.png 2、根据用户的uri进行转发 动静分离实战： 2.1 准备基础环境web01、web02、web03：
#web01
[root@web01 ~]mkdir -p/app/www/upload/
[root@web01 ~]echothis is upload>/app/www/upload/guoav.html #web02
[root@web02 ~]mkdir -p/app/www/static/
[root@web02 ~]echothis is static>/app/www/static/guoav.html #web03
[root@web03 ~]mkdir -p/app/www/
[root@web03 ~]echothis is default>/app/www/guoav.html
2.2 在lb01上面配置nginx环境（修改lb01负载均衡配置
nginx.conf核心配置）：
[root@lb01 nginx]# catnginx.confusernginx;
worker_processes1;
error_log/var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid/var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections1024;
}http {
include/etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_typeapplication/octet-stream;
log_formatmain'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log/var/log/nginx/access.logmain;
sendfileon;
#tcp_nopushon;
keepalive_timeout65;
#gzipon;
upstreamupload{
server10.0.0.7:80 weight=1max_fails=3fail_timeout=10s;
}
upstreamstatic{
server10.0.0.8:80 weight=1max_fails=3fail_timeout=10s;
}
upstreamdefault{
server10.0.0.9:80 weight=1max_fails=3fail_timeout=10s;
}
#include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server{
listen80;
server_namewww.oldboy.com;
location/upload{
proxy_passhttp://upload;
proxy_set_headerHost $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
}
location/static{
proxy_passhttp://static;
proxy_set_headerHost $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
}
location/{
proxy_passhttp://default;
proxy_set_headerHost $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
}
}
}
2.3 浏览器验证：
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动静分离验证.png 3、ip-bash功能模块实战：： 搭建验证环境：
3.1 在lb01上配置nginx主配置文件：
[root@lb01 nginx]# catnginx.conf
usernginx;
worker_processes1;
error_log/var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid/var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections1024;
}http {
include/etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_typeapplication/octet-stream;
log_formatmain'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log/var/log/nginx/access.logmain;
sendfileon;
#tcp_nopushon;
keepalive_timeout65;
#gzipon;
upstreamweb_pools {
ip_hash;
server 10.0.0.7:80 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=10s;
server 10.0.0.8:80 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=10s;
}
#include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server{
listen 80;
server_name www.oldboy.com;
location/ {
proxy_pass http://web_pools;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For$remote_addr;
}
}server{
listen 80;
server_name blog.oldboy.com;
location/ {
proxy_pass http://web_pools;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For$remote_addr;
}
}
}
3.2 创建文件：
[root@web01 ~]# cat /app/www/index.html
web01www.oldboy.com
[root@web02 ~]# cat /app/www/index.html
web02www.oldboy.com
[root@web01 www]#cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/01-www.conf
server{
listen80;
server_namewww.oldboy.com;
access_log/var/log/nginx/access_www.logmain;
root/app/www;
location / {
indexindex.html index.htm;
}
}
[root@web02 www]#cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/01-www.conf
server{
listen80;
server_namewww.oldboy.com;
access_log/var/log/nginx/access_www.logmain;
root/app/www;
location / {
indexindex.html index.htm;
}
}
3.3 验证结果：正常情况下访问www.oldboy.com的时候，负载均衡会平均分配给web01和web02，但是加上ip-bash后，就会记录初次访问情况，以后都只会分发给web01服务器。二、nginx高可用：
先在lb01和lb02上面安装keepalived，并启动keepalived服务：
yum install -ykeepalived
systemctlstartkeepalived
systemctlenablekeepalived
1、安装完keepalived后就可以抓包验证2台服务器互相切换的场景（默认运行lb01，当关闭lb01的keepalived服务后，就切换到lb02）：
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keepalive服务.png 2、高可用项目实战： 2.1 搭建基础环境：
[root@lb01 ~]# cat/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs {
router_id lb01
}vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 150
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.3/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
}
}
[root@lb02 ~]# cat/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs {
router_id lb02
}vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.3/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
}
}
配置完后重启lb01和lb02的keepalived服务： systemctl reload keepalived2.2 配置文件的配置含义图示：
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197022F2-9F86-4675-ABD3-648D9F589C89.png 【第52课|第52课 负载均衡动静分离和负载均衡高可用 2019-06-13】2.3 验证上面文件对准备服务器和优先级进行了配置(刚开始lb01在运行，当把lb01服务关闭后，会发现切换到了lb02上面)：
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keepalived服务的优先级配置.png
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