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Docker使用一|Docker使用一 （ 镜像管理&容器管理）

2. docker镜像管理 导图：
Docker使用一|Docker使用一 （ 镜像管理&容器管理）
文章图片
2.1 镜像的搜索/获取/查看

  • 镜像搜索
docker search 镜像名称
例： 搜索测试镜像hello-world为例
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker search hello-world NAMEDESCRIPTIONSTARSOFFICIALAUTOMATED hello-worldHello World! (an example of minimal Dockeriz…747[OK] kitematic/hello-world-nginxA light-weight nginx container that demonstr…112 tutum/hello-worldImage to test docker deployments. Has Apache…58[OK] dockercloud/hello-worldHello World!14[OK] hypriot/armhf-hello-worldHello World! (an example of minimal Dockeriz…6 armhf/hello-worldHello World! (an example of minimal Dockeriz…5 crccheck/hello-worldHello World web server in under 2.5 MB5[OK] marcells/aspnet-hello-worldASP.NET vNext - Hello World5[OK] bonomat/nodejs-hello-worlda simple nodejs hello world container3[OK] kornkitti/express-hello-worldNode.js Express Hello World : https://github…2 ppc64le/hello-worldHello World! (an example of minimal Dockeriz…2 hello-seattleHello from DockerCon 2016 (Seattle)!2[OK] arm32v7/hello-worldHello World! (an example of minimal Dockeriz…1 carinamarina/hello-world-appThis is a sample Python web application, run…1[OK] microsoft/mcr-hello-worldHello World! (an example of minimal Dockeriz…0 ansibleplaybookbundle/hello-world-apbAn APB which deploys a sample Hello World! a…0[OK] gscrivano/hello-worldhello world example system container0[OK] s390x/hello-worldHello World! (an example of minimal Dockeriz…0 ansibleplaybookbundle/hello-world-db-apbAn APB which deploys a sample Hello World! a…0[OK] markmnei/hello-world-javaAutomated build of Hello World Java0[OK] burdz/hello-world-k8sTo provide a simple webserver that can have …0[OK] kevindockercompany/hello-world0 infrastructureascode/hello-worldA tiny "Hello World" web server with a healt…0[OK] uniplaces/hello-world0 lkungs/docker-hello-worldSimple Hello World Example0[OK] likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$

  • 获取镜像:
docker pull 镜像名称. (下载远程仓库（如Docker Hub）中的镜像)
镜像存储目录(linux), Mac 不详
/var/lib/docker/image
例：
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker pull hello-world Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/hello-world d1725b59e92d: Pull complete Digest: sha256:523e382ab1801f2a616239b1052bb7ee5a7cce6a06cfed27ccb93680eacad6ef Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

  • 查看镜像:
查看所有的镜像
方法一：docker images
方法二：docker image ls
查看某个镜像
docker images 镜像的名字
docker image ls 镜像的名字
例：
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker images ls REPOSITORYTAGIMAGE IDCREATEDSIZE likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker image ls hello-world REPOSITORYTAGIMAGE IDCREATEDSIZE hello-worldlatest4ab4c602aa5e2 months ago1.84kB

2.2 镜像重命名/删除
  • 镜像重命名:
docker tag 源镜像名[:tag] 新的名字[:tag]
[:tag] 可以省略
注：重命名并不会重新复制一个镜像
例：
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker tag hello-worldmytest likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker images REPOSITORYTAGIMAGE IDCREATEDSIZE hello-worldlatest4ab4c602aa5e2 months ago1.84kB mytestlatest4ab4c602aa5e2 months ago1.84kB

  • 镜像删除:
docker rmi 镜像名/镜像ID
或者： docker image rm 镜像名/镜像ID
注：
1.如果镜像被重命名了, 通过镜像ID是不能直接删除的
2.如果镜像被重命名了2次, 需要删除两次镜像才会被删除
例：
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker rmi hello-world Untagged: hello-world:latest Untagged: hello-world@sha256:523e382ab1801f2a616239b1052bb7ee5a7cce6a06cfed27ccb93680eacad6ef likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker images REPOSITORYTAGIMAGE IDCREATEDSIZE mytestlatest4ab4c602aa5e2 months ago1.84kB

2.3 镜像的导入导出
  • 镜像导入:
docker load -i/--input 要导入的镜像文件的名字
或：docker load < 要导入的镜像文件的名字
例： 将本地的redis .tar 导入本地仓库中
likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$docker load -i redis.tar ef68f6734aa4: Loading layer58.44MB/58.44MB 2c1e04fae1f2: Loading layer338.4kB/338.4kB 94bdf74df564: Loading layer3.033MB/3.033MB 3fa9bea13981: Loading layer36.37MB/36.37MB eaa9c0598e6d: Loading layer1.536kB/1.536kB 33bc8c18cc05: Loading layer3.584kB/3.584kB Loaded image: redis:latest likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker images REPOSITORYTAGIMAGE IDCREATEDSIZE redislatestc188f257942c2 weeks ago94.9MB mytestlatest4ab4c602aa5e2 months ago1.84kB

  • 镜像导出:
docker save -o/--output 导出之后的镜像名(自己起名) 要导出的镜像的镜像名/镜像ID
注：会导出到当前终端所在路径
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker save -o 111 mytest likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ ls 111HydraLoggo ApplicationsLibraryhydra.txt Applications (Parallels)MoviesipfsTest ChainTestMusicipmsg.db DesktopParallelsreactProject DocumentsPicturesshj-git DownloadsPublictruffleTest

2.4 镜像的历史和详细信息
  • 查看镜像的历史信息:
查看制作镜像的时候的操作步骤
docker history 镜像名/镜像ID
例：
likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker images REPOSITORYTAGIMAGE IDCREATEDSIZE redislatestc188f257942c2 weeks ago94.9MB mytestlatest4ab4c602aa5e2 months ago1.84kB likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker history mytest IMAGECREATEDCREATED BYSIZECOMMENT 4ab4c602aa5e2 months ago/bin/sh -c #(nop)CMD ["/hello"]0B 2 months ago/bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:9824c33ef192ac94…1.84kB

  • 查看镜像的历史信息:
镜像的属性信息, 以json格式输出的
docker inspect 镜像名/镜像ID
查看指定json格式输出的key 对应得值
docker inspect -f {{.}} 镜像名/镜像ID
例：
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker images REPOSITORYTAGIMAGE IDCREATEDSIZE redislatestc188f257942c2 weeks ago94.9MB mytestlatest4ab4c602aa5e2 months ago1.84kB likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker inspect mytest [ { "Id": "sha256:4ab4c602aa5eed5528a6620ff18a1dc4faef0e1ab3a5eddeddb410714478c67f", "RepoTags": [ "mytest:latest" ], "RepoDigests": [], "Parent": "", "Comment": "", "Created": "2018-09-07T19:25:39.809797627Z", "Container": "15c5544a385127276a51553acb81ed24a9429f9f61d6844db1fa34f46348e420", "ContainerConfig": { "Hostname": "15c5544a3851", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "Cmd": [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "#(nop) ", "CMD [\"/hello\"]" ], "ArgsEscaped": true, "Image": "sha256:9a5813f1116c2426ead0a44bbec252bfc5c3d445402cc1442ce9194fc1397027", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": {} }, "DockerVersion": "17.06.2-ce", "Author": "", "Config": { "Hostname": "", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "Cmd": [ "/hello" ], "ArgsEscaped": true, "Image": "sha256:9a5813f1116c2426ead0a44bbec252bfc5c3d445402cc1442ce9194fc1397027", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": null }, "Architecture": "amd64", "Os": "linux", "Size": 1840, "VirtualSize": 1840, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5cdd66e6bbc849c43158d0b51af61c8444f2d1b12265b6a6bd7827a8590b0169/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5cdd66e6bbc849c43158d0b51af61c8444f2d1b12265b6a6bd7827a8590b0169/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5cdd66e6bbc849c43158d0b51af61c8444f2d1b12265b6a6bd7827a8590b0169/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "RootFS": { "Type": "layers", "Layers": [ "sha256:428c97da766c4c13b19088a471de6b622b038f3ae8efa10ec5a37d6d31a2df0b" ] }, "Metadata": { "LastTagTime": "2018-12-03T13:35:07.686031597Z" } } ]// 查看id likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker inspect -f {{.Id}} mytest sha256:4ab4c602aa5eed5528a6620ff18a1dc4faef0e1ab3a5eddeddb410714478c67f

3. docker容器管理 导图：
Docker使用一|Docker使用一 （ 镜像管理&容器管理）
文章图片
image.png 3.1 创建/启动
  • 容器创建:
docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
注： 容器被创建, 但是还不能使用, 需要启动
  • OPTIONS: 创建容器的一些参数:
    -i, --interactive: 容器是否和标准输入进行关联
    -t, --tty: 创建容器的时候是不是给容器关联虚拟终端
    --rm: 容器停止之后是否会自动销毁
    --name: 给创建的容器指定一个名字, 如果不指定, 名字是随机生成的
  • IMAGE:
    镜像名/镜像ID
  • [COMMAND] [ARG...]
    启动容器之后, 在容器中执行一个命令
    不知道指定什么命令, 指定bash
例：
创建镜像redis 的容器， 关联标准输入和虚拟终端， 并给容器命名为test。
返回的是对应容器的id
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker images REPOSITORYTAGIMAGE IDCREATEDSIZE redislatestc188f257942c2 weeks ago94.9MB hello-worldlatest4ab4c602aa5e2 months ago1.84kB likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker create

  • 容器启动:
docker start 参数 容器的名字
  • 参数：
  1. a: 关联标准输出/标准错误
  2. i: 关联标准输入
例： 启动之前创建的test容器, 直接进入root @9525ce400a20（test容器）的更目录下的data文件夹中
（输入 exit 可以退出容器）
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker start -ai test root@9525ce400a20:/data#

  • 创建新容器并启动: creat+start
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
  • OPTIONS:
  1. -i, --interactive: 容器是否和标准输入进行关联
  2. -t, --tty: 创建容器的时候是不是给容器管理虚拟终端
  3. --rm: 容器停止之后是否会自动销毁
  4. --name: 给创建的容器指定一个名字, 如果不指定, 名字是随机生成的
  5. -d, --detach: 容器启动之后是守护进程, 容器启动之后, 不能直接进入到容器内部
例： 以守护进程启动redis容器
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker run -itd --name test redis bash 3f367d1e9e6afbbb57e7ee5250feaa63962279236d44d8e67380e2de46493d73

3.2 容器查看
  • 查看运行状态的容器:
docker ps
  • 查看查看所有状态的容器:
docker ps -a
例：查看正在运行的容器: redis
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker ps CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES 3f367d1e9e6aredis"docker-entrypoint.s…"About a minute agoUp About a minute6379/tcptest

3.3 容器的暂停/重启
  • 暂停:
docker pause 容器名/容器ID
例： 暂停之前启动的redis的容器（test）
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker pause test test likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker ps -a CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES 3f367d1e9e6aredis"docker-entrypoint.s…"4 minutes agoUp 4 minutes (Paused)6379/tcptest

  • 取消暂停:
docker unpause 容器名/容器ID
例： 取消暂停test 容器
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker unpause test test likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker ps -a CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES 3f367d1e9e6aredis"docker-entrypoint.s…"5 minutes agoUp 5 minutes6379/tcptest likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$

  • 重启:
docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
  • OPTIONS:
    -t: 延时重启, 默认10s
例: 延时20s重启test 容器
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker restart -t 20 test test

3.4 容器的关闭/终止/删除
  • 关闭:
延时关闭容器, 默认10s
docker stop [-t 延时时间] 容器名/ 容器id
例： 关闭test容器
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker stop test test likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker ps -a CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES 3f367d1e9e6aredis"docker-entrypoint.s…"9 minutes agoExited (0) 2 seconds agotest

  • 终止:
直接马上关闭
docker kill 容器名/ 容器id
例： 先通过start 命令启动test 容器，在终止容器
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker start test test likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker ps -a CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES 3f367d1e9e6aredis"docker-entrypoint.s…"10 minutes agoUp 3 seconds6379/tcptest likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker kill test test likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker ps -a CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES 3f367d1e9e6aredis"docker-entrypoint.s…"11 minutes agoExited (137) 2 seconds agotest

  • 删除:
    1. 删除未运行的容器：
docker rm 容器名/容器ID
例： 删除（exited状态）的test 容器
likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker ps -a CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES 3f367d1e9e6aredis"docker-entrypoint.s…"19 hours agoExited (137) 19 hours agotest likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker rm test test likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker ps -a CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$

    1. 删除运行的容器：
docker rm -f 容器名/容器ID
例:
//显示所有镜像 likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker images REPOSITORYTAGIMAGE IDCREATEDSIZE redislatestc188f257942c2 weeks ago94.9MB hello-worldlatest4ab4c602aa5e2 months ago1.84kB//创建并运行redis镜像 的容器， 并命名为test likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker run -itd --name testredis 83e3fc034a66a18e033e25c98fcd106582a56f8727b6fd120407eed5c96b5632// 查看容器 likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker ps CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES 83e3fc034a66redis"docker-entrypoint.s…"9 seconds agoUp 8 seconds6379/tcptest// 删除容器 likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker rm -f test test// 查看容器 likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker ps -a CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES

-3. 批量删除：
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
docker rm. -f `docker ps -aq`
原理：
docker ps -aq： 只显示所有容器的Id
先通过docker ps -aq获取所有的容器id， 然后执行rm 指令，实现批量删除容器
例：
// 创建test1 和test2 连个容器 likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker run -itd --name test1redis bd3e862c6c29f83918d552c625dc7bbb16b9b826e929d4f33b49fb94a8809f5b likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker run -itd --name test2redis 72c3dee89cdda161262448245ef3f31304407abcb3e0a098f9b3bc0cf3c2767f//查看容器状态 likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker ps -a CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES 72c3dee89cddredis"docker-entrypoint.s…"4 seconds agoUp 4 seconds6379/tcptest2 bd3e862c6c29redis"docker-entrypoint.s…"9 seconds agoUp 9 seconds6379/tcptest1 // 删除所有容器 likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) 72c3dee89cdd bd3e862c6c29 likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker ps -a CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES

3.5 容器的关闭/终止/删除
  • 进入容器:
    1. 创建并进入:
docker run -it --name 容器名 镜像名 shell命令
例：
likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker images REPOSITORYTAGIMAGE IDCREATEDSIZE ubuntulatest93fd78260bd12 weeks ago86.2MB redislatestc188f257942c2 weeks ago94.9MB hello-worldlatest4ab4c602aa5e2 months ago1.84kB likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker run -it --name test ubuntu bash // 进入test 容器 root@8bbd5524c408:/#

    1. 手动进入:
以守护进程启动容器
docker run -itd --name 容器名 镜像名 shell命令
进入容器
docker exec -it 容器名/容器ID bash
例：
likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker run -itd --name test ubuntu bash 41742fde9ca4226da248c96e6964b9aaef3bd16b5e84730b7fe9750a68939a5f likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker ps CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES 41742fde9ca4ubuntu"bash"13 seconds agoUp 11 secondstest likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker exec -it test bash root@41742fde9ca4:/#

  • ** 退出容器**:
输入： exit
注意如果在docker run 时没有指定-rm ， exit 之后， 需要手动删除容器
例：
likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker run -itd --name test ubuntu bash 41742fde9ca4226da248c96e6964b9aaef3bd16b5e84730b7fe9750a68939a5f likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker ps CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES 41742fde9ca4ubuntu"bash"13 seconds agoUp 11 secondstest root@41742fde9ca4:/# exit exit likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker ps -a CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES 41742fde9ca4ubuntu"bash"About a minute agoUp About a minutetest likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$

3.6 容器的日志/信息/端口/重命名
  • 查看容器的日志信息:
docker logs 容器名/容器ID
  • 查看容器的详细信息:
docker inspect 容器名/容器ID
例：
likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker run -itd --name test ubuntu bash 8ab7646210c6967a9578aa61b76f573dd6c2df503f04d5a32c7d2f91ed37b161 likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker inspect test [ { "Id": "8ab7646210c6967a9578aa61b76f573dd6c2df503f04d5a32c7d2f91ed37b161", "Created": "2018-12-04T11:20:36.898518821Z", "Path": "bash", "Args": [], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 3837, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2018-12-04T11:20:37.416540351Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:93fd78260bd1495afb484371928661f63e64be306b7ac48e2d13ce9422dfee26", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8ab7646210c6967a9578aa61b76f573dd6c2df503f04d5a32c7d2f91ed37b161/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8ab7646210c6967a9578aa61b76f573dd6c2df503f04d5a32c7d2f91ed37b161/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8ab7646210c6967a9578aa61b76f573dd6c2df503f04d5a32c7d2f91ed37b161/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8ab7646210c6967a9578aa61b76f573dd6c2df503f04d5a32c7d2f91ed37b161/8ab7646210c6967a9578aa61b76f573dd6c2df503f04d5a32c7d2f91ed37b161-json.log", "Name": "/test", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "shareable", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DiskQuota": 0, "KernelMemory": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": 0, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e6d5ad37b570804029b3beac2578563f2362c5bf79d21e41da39632faca708ce-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c0bf5d22aa7a88e99d0b7db3628a4bb4c3f175b688e676bdefee6a253ef362cd/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/983304467a4abbf47642bc6d6649e95033e912cb739628027157db947111710f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dae99ae8e29284a46b72be3616c1168886d3db934ee23f0fa05d33db4db094c7/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b169cfcef76674f2073c968b8372712bbae4586216e46645ea2103b90a5b766a/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e6d5ad37b570804029b3beac2578563f2362c5bf79d21e41da39632faca708ce/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e6d5ad37b570804029b3beac2578563f2362c5bf79d21e41da39632faca708ce/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e6d5ad37b570804029b3beac2578563f2362c5bf79d21e41da39632faca708ce/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [], "Config": { "Hostname": "8ab7646210c6", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "Tty": true, "OpenStdin": true, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "Cmd": [ "bash" ], "Image": "ubuntu", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": {} }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "b2f7161877c30b1f4381e5091029da2422e97e1cc43ffb2a5c2a92cdfc0f4a12", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": {}, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/b2f7161877c3", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "b8245d551b9743a12e856e78572318a1fa952c741800094810ad62055325afc7", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "aa60b30f9150abd8f33614fd78b05e6a9efd4107a4d679aefdc6a447ca317019", "EndpointID": "b8245d551b9743a12e856e78572318a1fa952c741800094810ad62055325afc7", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "DriverOpts": null } } } } ]

  • 查看容器的端口信息:
查看本机和容器的端口映射
docker port 容器名/容器ID
  • 容器重命名:
docker rename 旧的容器名 新的容器名
例：
// 创建并运行容器 likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker run -itd --name test redis d46e9f768536098731bba5c6ce0f073b864a0ab2420996f2f82f8868aaea3b5e likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker ps CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES d46e9f768536redis"docker-entrypoint.s…"6 seconds agoUp 5 seconds6379/tcptest // 重命名 likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker rename test test2 likedeMacBook-Pro:~ like$ docker ps CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES d46e9f768536redis"docker-entrypoint.s…"20 seconds agoUp 19 seconds6379/tcptest2

3.5 基于容器导入导出镜像
  • 导出:
docker export 容器名(mycontainer)/容器id > 导出的镜像的名字
likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker ps -a CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES 8ab7646210c6ubuntu"bash"35 minutes agoUp 35 minutestest likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker export test > myubuntu likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ ls myubuntunginx.tarredis.tarubuntu.tarubuntuPlus.tar

注: export导出容器中的镜像, 会丢失镜像的历史记录
  • 导入:
cat 要导入的镜像 | docker import - 导入的镜像名字(自己起)
相比较于 docker load -i/--input 镜像名 ， 优势在于可以改名
例：导入之前导出的myubuntu镜像
likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ ls myubuntunginx.tarredis.tarubuntu.tarubuntuPlus.tar likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ cat myubuntu | docker import - mytest sha256:2be6428a084da79e4107e08e5433771a27c21f36200f08f447ac4f198ea59a7b likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker images REPOSITORYTAGIMAGE IDCREATEDSIZE mytestlatest2be6428a084d4 seconds ago69.8MB// 查看历史信息， 发现丢失原来镜像的历史信息 likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker history mytest IMAGECREATEDCREATED BYSIZECOMMENT 2be6428a084dAbout a minute ago69.8MBImported from -

注： 所有的docker 指令， 都可以通过 --help option 来查看指令的使用方法。
【Docker使用一|Docker使用一 （ 镜像管理&容器管理）】例：
likedeMacBook-Pro:images like$ docker run --helpUsage:docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]Run a command in a new containerOptions: --add-host listAdd a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip) -a, --attach listAttach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR --blkio-weight uint16Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0) --blkio-weight-device listBlock IO weight (relative device weight) (default []) --cap-add listAdd Linux capabilities --cap-drop listDrop Linux capabilities --cgroup-parent stringOptional parent cgroup for the container --cidfile stringWrite the container ID to the file --cpu-period intLimit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period --cpu-quota intLimit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota --cpu-rt-period intLimit CPU real-time period in microseconds --cpu-rt-runtime intLimit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds -c, --cpu-shares intCPU shares (relative weight) --cpus decimalNumber of CPUs --cpuset-cpus stringCPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) --cpuset-mems stringMEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)

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