ZooKeeper开源客户端Curator的使用
Curator简介
Curator是Netllix公司开源的一套Zookeeper客户端框架，Curator解决了许多Zookeeper客户端非常底层的细节开发工作，包括连接重连、反复注册Watcher和NodeExistsException异常等，目前已经成为了Apache的顶级项目，是全世界范围内使用最广泛的Zookeeper客户端之一。
除了封装一些开发人员不需要特别关注的底层细节之外，Curator还在Zookeeper客户端原生API的基础上进行了包装，提供了一套易用性和可读性更强的Fluent风格的客户端API框架。
除此之外，Curator还提供了Zookeeper各种应用场景（Recipe，如共享服务，Master选举机制和分布式计数器等）。
API简单使用
使用Curator的API，首先需要引入Curator的Maven依赖：
org.apache.curator
curator-framework
2.13.0
【ZooKeeper开源客户端Curator的使用】使用Curator创建会话
public class CreateSession {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//创建重试策略
// 参数1：baseSleepTimeMs 初始sleep时间
// 参数2：maxRetries 最大重试次数
// 参数3：maxSleepMs 最大sleep时间（这里没有使用到该参数）
ExponentialBackoffRetry retryPolicy = new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3);
// 参数1：connectString
// 参数2：sessionTimeoutMs
// 参数3：connectionTimeoutMs
// 参数4：retryPolicy
CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(
"192.168.0.11:2181,192.168.0.12:2181,192.168.0.13:2181", 5000, 300, retryPolicy);
client.start();
Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
}
使用Fluent风格的API接口来创建会话
public class FluentCreateSession {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {ExponentialBackoffRetry retryPolicy = new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3);
CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString("192.168.0.11:2181,192.168.0.12:2181,192.168.0.13:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(300)
.retryPolicy(retryPolicy)
.namespace("base")// 定义独立命名空间为/base，该客户端对于Zookeeper上的数据节点进行操作都是基于/base节点进行的，从而实现不同业务的隔离
.build();
client.start();
Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
}
创建节点
public class CreateNode {private static String path = "/zk-book/c1";
private static CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString("192.168.0.11:2181,192.168.0.12:2181,192.168.0.13:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(300)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3))
.build();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
client.start();
client.create()
.creatingParentsIfNeeded()//自动递归创建父节点，父节点都是持久节点
.withMode(CreateMode.EPHEMERAL)//节点属性：临时节点，默认为持久节点
.forPath(path, "init".getBytes());
//创建一个节点，附带初始内容
}
}
删除节点
public class DeleteNode {private static String path = "/zk-book";
private static CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString("192.168.0.11:2181,192.168.0.12:2181,192.168.0.13:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(300)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3))
.build();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
client.start();
client.create()
.creatingParentsIfNeeded()
.withMode(CreateMode.EPHEMERAL)
.forPath(path, "init".getBytes());
// 读取刚创建的节点数据
Stat stat = new Stat();
client.getData().storingStatIn(stat).forPath(path);
client.delete()
//.guaranteed() // 强制删除，只要客户端会话优效，在后台反复重试，直到节点删除成功
.deletingChildrenIfNeeded()
.withVersion(stat.getVersion()) //删除指定版本的节点
.forPath(path);
}
}
读取数据
public class GetNodeData {private static String path = "/zk-book/c1";
private static CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString("192.168.0.11:2181,192.168.0.12:2181,192.168.0.13:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(300)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3))
.build();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
client.start();
client.create()
.creatingParentsIfNeeded()
.withMode(CreateMode.EPHEMERAL)
.forPath(path, "init".getBytes());
// 通过一个Stat变量存储服务端返回的最新的节点状态信息
Stat stat = new Stat();
// 读取一个节点的数据内容，并且获取到该节点的stat
byte[] bytes = client.getData().storingStatIn(stat).forPath(path);
System.out.println("节点数据：" + new String(bytes));
}
}
更新数据
public class SetNodeData {private static String path = "/zk-book/c1";
private static CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString("192.168.0.11:2181,192.168.0.12:2181,192.168.0.13:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(300)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3))
.build();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
client.start();
client.create()
.creatingParentsIfNeeded()
.withMode(CreateMode.EPHEMERAL)
.forPath(path, "init".getBytes());
Stat stat = new Stat();
client.getData().storingStatIn(stat).forPath(path);
// 第一次更新成功
System.out.println("Success set node for: " + path + " new version: " +
client.setData().withVersion(stat.getVersion()).forPath(path).getVersion());
// 第二次更新失败
try {
client.setData().withVersion(stat.getVersion()).forPath(path);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Failed set node due to " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
异步接口
public class AsyncCreateNode {private static String path = "/zk-book/asynccreatenode";
private static CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString("192.168.0.11:2181,192.168.0.12:2181,192.168.0.13:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(300)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3))
.build();
private static CountDownLatch semaphore = new CountDownLatch(2);
private static ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
client.start();
System.out.println("Main thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
// 使用自定义的线程池处理回调结果
client.create().creatingParentsIfNeeded().withMode(CreateMode.EPHEMERAL).inBackground(new BackgroundCallback() {
@Override
public void processResult(CuratorFramework curatorFramework, CuratorEvent curatorEvent) throws Exception {
// event[code: 0, type: CREATE]
System.out.println("event[code: " + curatorEvent.getResultCode() + ", type: " + curatorEvent.getType() + "]");
// Thread of processResult: pool-3-thread-1
System.out.println("Thread of processResult: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
semaphore.countDown();
}
}, executorService).forPath(path, "init".getBytes());
// 使用ZooKeeper默认的EventThread处理
client.create().creatingParentsIfNeeded().withMode(CreateMode.EPHEMERAL).inBackground(new BackgroundCallback() {
@Override
public void processResult(CuratorFramework curatorFramework, CuratorEvent curatorEvent) throws Exception {
// event[code: -110, type: CREATE]
System.out.println("event[code: " + curatorEvent.getResultCode() + ", type: " + curatorEvent.getType() + "]");
// Thread of processResult: main-EventThread
System.out.println("Thread of processResult: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
// main-EventThreadsemaphore.countDown();
}
}).forPath(path, "init".getBytes());
semaphore.await();
executorService.shutdown();
}
}
典型使用场景
要使用Curator典型场景需要引入Maven依赖：
org.apache.curator
curator-recipes
2.13.0
事件监听 ZooKeeper原生支持通过注册Watcher来进行事件监听，但是其使用并不是特别方便，需要开发人员自己反复注册Watcher，比较繁琐。Curator引入了Cache来实现对ZooKeeper服务端事件的监听。Cache是Curator中对事件监听的包装，其对事件的监听其实可以近似看作是一个本地视图和远程ZooKeeper视图的对比过程。同时Curator能自动为开发人员处理反复事件监听，从而大大简化了原生API开发的繁琐过程。Cache分为两类监听类型：节点监听和子节点监听。
节点监听NodeCache示例：
/**
* 用于监听指定ZooKeeper数据节点本身的变化
*/
public class NodeCacheSample {private static String path = "/zk-book/nodecache";
private static CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString("192.168.0.11:2181,192.168.0.12:2181,192.168.0.13:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(300)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3))
.build();
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
client.start();
client.create()
.creatingParentsIfNeeded()
.withMode(CreateMode.EPHEMERAL)
.forPath(path, "init".getBytes());
// NodeCache: 用于监听指定ZooKeeper数据节点本身的变化
final NodeCache nodeCache = new NodeCache(client, path, false);
// true：在第一次启动的时候就会从ZooKeepe上读取对应节点的数据内容
nodeCache.start(true);
// 事件处理的回调函数
nodeCache.getListenable().addListener(new NodeCacheListener() {
@Override
public void nodeChanged() throws Exception {
System.out.println("Node data updated, new data: " + new String(nodeCache.getCurrentData().getData()));
}
});
client.setData().forPath(path, "u".getBytes());
Thread.sleep(1000);
// 节点被删除，无法触发NodeCacheListener
client.delete().deletingChildrenIfNeeded().forPath(path);
Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
}
子节点监听PathChildrenCache示例：
/**
* 用于监听指定ZooKeeper数据节点的子节点的变化
* Curator无法监听二级子节点
*/
public class PathChildrenCacheSample {private static String path = "/zk-book";
private static CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString("192.168.0.11:2181,192.168.0.12:2181,192.168.0.13:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(300)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3))
.build();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
client.start();
// 对/zk-book节点进行子节点变更事件的监听
PathChildrenCache cache = new PathChildrenCache(client, path, true);
cache.start(PathChildrenCache.StartMode.POST_INITIALIZED_EVENT);
cache.getListenable().addListener(new PathChildrenCacheListener() {
@Override
public void childEvent(CuratorFramework curatorFramework, PathChildrenCacheEvent event) throws Exception {
switch (event.getType()) {
case CHILD_ADDED:// 子节点创建事件
System.out.println("CHILD_ADDED: " + event.getData().getPath());
break;
case CHILD_UPDATED: // 子节点更新事件
System.out.println("CHILD_UPDATED: " + event.getData().getPath());
break;
case CHILD_REMOVED: // 子节点删除节点
System.out.println("CHILD_REMOVED: " + event.getData().getPath());
break;
default:
break;
}
}
});
client.create().withMode(CreateMode.PERSISTENT).forPath(path);
Thread.sleep(1000);
client.create().withMode(CreateMode.PERSISTENT).forPath(path + "/c1");
Thread.sleep(1000);
client.delete().forPath(path + "/c1");
Thread.sleep(1000);
client.delete().forPath(path);
Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
}
Master选举 大体思路：选择一个根节点，例如/master_select，多台机器同时向该节点创建一个子节点/master_select/lock，利用ZooKeeper特性，最终只有一台机器创建成功，成功的那台机器就成为Master。
Curator也是基于这个思路，只不过它将节点创建、事件监听和自动选举过程进行了封装，开发人员只需要调用简单的API即可实现Master选举。
public class MasterSelect {// Master选举的根节点，本次Master选举都是在该节点下进行的
private static String master_path = "/curator_recipes_master_path";
private static CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString("192.168.0.11:2181,192.168.0.12:2181,192.168.0.13:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(300)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3))
.build();
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
client.start();
LeaderSelector selector = new LeaderSelector(client, master_path, new LeaderSelectorListenerAdapter() {
// 获取Master权力的时候回调该函数
@Override
public void takeLeadership(CuratorFramework client) throws Exception {
System.out.println("成为Master角色");
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("完成Master操作，释放Master权力");
}
});
selector.autoRequeue();
selector.start();
Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
}
分布式锁 一个典型的时间戳生成的并发问题：
/**
* 没有使用分布式锁，生成时间戳，会有重复的生成
*/
public class NoLock {public static void main(String[] args) {final CountDownLatch down = new CountDownLatch(1);
// 开启10个线程生成时间戳订单号
for (int i = 0;
i < 10;
i++) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
down.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss|SSS");
String orderNo = sdf.format(new Date());
System.out.println("生成的订单号是： " + orderNo);
}
}).start();
}down.countDown();
}
}
使用Curator实现分布式锁功能
/**
* 使用Curator实现分布式锁功能，生成的时间戳不会重复
* InterProcessMutex
* lock.acquire()
* lock.release()
*/
public class DistributedLock {private static String lock_path = "/curator_recipes_lock_path";
private static CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString("192.168.0.11:2181,192.168.0.12:2181,192.168.0.13:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(300)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3))
.build();
public static void main(String[] args) {
client.start();
final InterProcessMutex lock = new InterProcessMutex(client, lock_path);
// InterProcessMutex：互斥锁
final CountDownLatch down = new CountDownLatch(1);
for (int i = 0;
i < 100;
i++) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
down.await();
lock.acquire();
// 获取分布式锁
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss|SSS");
String orderNo = sdf.format(new Date());
System.out.println("生成的订单号是： " + orderNo);
try {
lock.release();
// 释放分布式锁
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}down.countDown();
}
}
分布式计数器
/**
* 使用Curator分布式计数器
* 典型应用场景：统计系统的在线人数
* 思路：指定一个ZooKeeper数据节点作为计数器，多个应用实例在分布式锁的控制下，通过更新该数据节点的内容来实现计数功能
*/
public class DistributedCounter {private static String counter_path = "/curator_recipes_counter_path";
private static CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString("192.168.0.11:2181,192.168.0.12:2181,192.168.0.13:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(300)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3))
.build();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
client.start();
DistributedAtomicInteger atomicInteger = new DistributedAtomicInteger(client, counter_path, new RetryNTimes(3, 1000));
AtomicValue rc = atomicInteger.add(8);
System.out.println("Result: " + rc.succeeded());
System.out.println("最新值: " + rc.postValue());
System.out.println("原始值: " + rc.preValue());
}
}
分布式Barrier 方式一：主线程触发释放Barrier: DistributedBarrier
/**
* 使用Curator实现分布式的CyclicBarrier
* 主线程触发释放Barrier: DistributedBarrier
*/
public class MainDistributedBarrier {private static String barrier_path = "/curator_recipes_barrier_path";
static CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString("192.168.0.11:2181,192.168.0.12:2181,192.168.0.13:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(300)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3))
.build();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
client.start();
// 初始化分布式barrier
DistributedBarrier barrier = new DistributedBarrier(client, barrier_path);
for (int i = 0;
i < 5;
i++) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "号barrier设置");
// 设置分布式barrier
barrier.setBarrier();
// 等待主线程barrier释放
barrier.waitOnBarrier();
System.err.println("启动...");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
Thread.sleep(2000);
// 主线程释放barrier，触发所有等待该Barrier的线程同时进行各自的业务逻辑
barrier.removeBarrier();
}
}
方式二：线程自发触发释放Barrier: DistributedDoubleBarrier
/**
* 使用Curator实现分布式的CyclicBarrier
* 线程自发触发释放Barrier: DistributedDoubleBarrier
* 指定Barrier的成员数阈值，控制同时进入和退出
*/
public class SelfDistributedBarrier {private static String barrier_path = "/curator_recipes_barrier2_path";
static CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString("192.168.0.11:2181,192.168.0.12:2181,192.168.0.13:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(300)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3))
.build();
public static void main(String[] args) {
client.start();
for (int i = 0;
i < 5;
i++) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// 指定进入Barrier的成员数阈值5
DistributedDoubleBarrier barrier = new DistributedDoubleBarrier(client, barrier_path, 5);
Thread.sleep(Math.round(Math.random() * 3000));
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "号进入barrier");
// 处于准备进入状态，一旦达到阈值5，同时触发进入
barrier.enter();
System.out.println("启动...");
Thread.sleep(Math.round(Math.random() * 3000));
// 处于准备退出状态，一旦达到阈值5，同时触发退出
barrier.leave();
System.out.println("退出...");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
}
}
工具 ZKPaths
/**
* 提供了一些简单的API来构建ZNode路径、递归创建和删除节点
*/
public class ZKPathsUtil {private static String path = "/zk-book/zkpathsutil";
private static CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString("192.168.0.11:2181,192.168.0.12:2181,192.168.0.13:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(300)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3))
.build();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
client.start();
ZooKeeper zooKeeper = client.getZookeeperClient().getZooKeeper();
System.out.println(ZKPaths.fixForNamespace(path, "/sub"));
System.out.println(ZKPaths.makePath(path, "sub"));
System.out.println(ZKPaths.getNodeFromPath(path + "/sub1"));
PathAndNode pn = ZKPaths.getPathAndNode(path + "/sub1");
System.out.println(pn.getPath());
System.out.println(pn.getNode());
String dir1 = path + "/child1";
String dir2 = path + "/child2";
ZKPaths.mkdirs(zooKeeper, dir1);
ZKPaths.mkdirs(zooKeeper, dir2);
System.out.println(ZKPaths.getSortedChildren(zooKeeper, path));
ZKPaths.deleteChildren(zooKeeper, path, true);
}
}
EnsurePath
EnsurePath采取了静默的节点创建方式，其内部实现就是试图创建指定节点，如果节点已经存在，那么就不进行任何操作，也不对外抛出异常，否则正常创建节点。
/**
* EnsurePath提供了一种能够确保数据节点存在的机制
*/
public class EnsurePathUtil {
private static String path = "/zk-book/EnsurePathUtil";
private static CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString("192.168.0.11:2181,192.168.0.12:2181,192.168.0.13:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(300)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3))
.build();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
client.start();
client.usingNamespace("zk-book");
EnsurePath ensurePath = new EnsurePath(path);
ensurePath.ensure(client.getZookeeperClient());
ensurePath.ensure(client.getZookeeperClient());
EnsurePath ensurePath2 = client.newNamespaceAwareEnsurePath("/EnsurePathUtil");
ensurePath2.ensure(client.getZookeeperClient());
}
}
TestServer
为了方便开发人员进行ZooKeeper的开发与测试Curator提供了一种建议启动ZooKeeper服务和集群的方法—TestingServer、TestingServer。首先需要引入Maven依赖：
org.apache.curator
curator-test
2.13.0
/**
* 在启动一个标准的ZK服务器，用于单元测试
*/
public class TestServer {private static String path = "/zookeeper";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 初始化ZK测试服务器
TestingServer testingServer = new TestingServer(2181, new File("F:\\OneDrive\\study\\zookeeper\\testingserver\\data"));
// 连接ZK测试服务器
CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString(testingServer.getConnectString())
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3))
.build();
client.start();
System.out.println(client.getChildren().forPath(path));
testingServer.close();
}
}
TestCluster
/**
* 在本地模拟一个ZK集群，用于单元测试
*/
public class TestCluster {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 搭建一个三台ZK服务器的集群
TestingCluster cluster = new TestingCluster(3);
// 运行集群
cluster.start();
Thread.sleep(2000);
TestingZooKeeperServer leader = null;
for (TestingZooKeeperServer zs : cluster.getServers()) {
System.out.print(zs.getInstanceSpec().getServerId() + "-");
System.out.print(zs.getQuorumPeer().getServerState() + "-");
System.out.println(zs.getInstanceSpec().getDataDirectory().getAbsolutePath());
if (zs.getQuorumPeer().getServerState().equals("leading")) {
leader = zs;
}
}
// Kill掉leader节点，重新进行master选举
leader.kill();
Thread.sleep(30000);
System.out.println("--After leader kill:");
for (TestingZooKeeperServer zs : cluster.getServers()) {
System.out.print(zs.getInstanceSpec().getServerId() + "-");
System.out.print(zs.getQuorumPeer().getServerState() + "-");
System.out.println(zs.getInstanceSpec().getDataDirectory().getAbsolutePath());
}
// 关闭集群
cluster.stop();
}
}
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