友邻哲学旅人|友邻哲学旅人 E38 谬误之“部落偶像”（下）友邻哲学旅人E38谬误之“部落

The human understanding, when any proposition has been once laid down (either from general admission and belief, or from the pleasure it affords), forces everything else to add fresh support and confirmation:
人类对这种东西的理解，任何此类命题一经提出（要么来自于大家整体上的默认接受，或者大家对它的认知，或者你这么去看待这个问题，你会觉得很快乐），

一旦我们把这样的一个命题摆在那里的话，不管大家怎样，只会干一件事情，人类理智就会强迫其他事物为其提供新的支持与证据：

and although most cogent and abundant instances may exist to the contrary, yet either does not observe, or despises them, or it gets rid of and rejects them by some distinction, with violent and injurious prejudice, rather than sacrifice the authority of its first conclusions.
即使有很多有力的事例证明事实正好相反，但这些事例不是被忽略，就是不被重视，甚至被当作特例受到排斥。人们总是带有强烈的偏见，不愿牺牲原有结论的权威性。

思维惯性
集体中很难做创新，因为集体惯性比个体惯性大。
学哲学是为了了解，不能盲从。

思科公司（体外创新）

一旦一个观点被建立了，所有的东西都会围着它转，没有勇气去改变。

集体拒斥创新的力量是巨大的。

It was well answered by him who was shown in a temple the votive tablets suspended by such as had escaped the peril of shipwreck, and was pressed as to whether he would then recognize the power of the gods...
这被一个人很好的回答：他被带到一座神庙去看那些海难幸存者悬挂的还愿匾，当他被强迫问及是否感受到了神的威力时，他答道：“不过，那些向神许了愿却仍然遇难的人的画像在哪里呢？”

votive tablets去寺庙写牌
找到神力，不断的去证明。但是还有很多人去许愿但是没有幸存的。

All superstition is much the same, whether it be that of astrology, dreams, omens, retributive judgment, or the like, in all of which the deluded believers observe events which are fulfilled, but neglect and pass over their failure, though it be much more common.
所有迷信莫不如此，不管是占星术、预示、因果报应，还是类似的其他迷信，受蒙蔽的信众眼里只有那些应验了的事，却主动忽视与遗忘了那些没有应验的事，哪怕不应验的事更多。

他先设定一个对的概念，然后找一切理论去证明它是对的。

"Having first determined the question according to his will, man then resorts to experience; and bending her into conformity with his placets, leads her about like a captive in a procession."
“依自己的意志决定好问题后，人开始求助于经验；把自然按自己的经验弯曲它，并且带着这种思维拉着它走，就像行进队伍的俘虏。”

In short, "the human understanding is no dry light, but receives an infusion from the will and affections, whence proceed sciences which may be called ‘sciences as one would.’... For what a man had rather were true, he more readily believes." Is it not so?
简而言之，“人类对自然的理解并不是纯净的光，我们看到的外在世界的理解是结合了大量的融合，人类的自我意志和自己的好恶喜爱，由此我们可能就进展到所谓的科学‘被一些人叫做的科学，其实就不是科学’......他更愿意去相信他本就认为是真的事情（实际上他不是对的）。”难道不是这样吗？

He believes a man had rather were true.
培根实际谈到的是“部落偶像”是怎么形成的。
语言点
proposition: n. 命题
cogent: adj. 有说服力的
despise: vt. 鄙视
votive tablet: 许愿牌
suspended: adj. 挂起来的
peril: n. 灾难
shipwreck: n. 海难；遇难船
superstition: n. 迷信
astrology: n. 星座
【友邻哲学旅人|友邻哲学旅人 E38 谬误之“部落偶像”（下）】omen: n. 预兆
retributive: adj. 报应性的
delude: vt. 诱导
conformity: n. 一致性
procession: n. 行进队伍