python实现简单的聊天小程序 python实现简单的聊天小程序

概要
这是一个使用python实现一个简单的聊天室的功能,里面包含群聊,私聊两种聊天方式.实现的方式是使用套接字编程的一个使用TCP协议 c/s结构的聊天室
实现思路
x01 服务端的建立
首先,在服务端,使用socket进行消息的接受,每接受一个socket的请求,就开启一个新的线程来管理消息的分发与接受,同时,又存在一个handler来管理所有的线程,从而实现对聊天室的各种功能的处理
x02 客户端的建立
客户端的建立就要比服务端简单多了,客户端的作用只是对消息的发送以及接受,以及按照特定的规则去输入特定的字符从而实现不同的功能的使用,因此,在客户端这里,只需要去使用两个线程,一个是专门用于接受消息,一个是专门用于发送消息的
至于为什么不用一个呢,那是因为,只用一个的话,当接受了消息,在发送之前接受消息的处于阻塞状态,同理,发送消息也是,那么要是将这两个功能放在一个地方实现,就会导致没有办法连续发送或者接受消息了
实现方式
服务端实现

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import jsonimport threadingfrom socket import *from time import ctimeclass PyChattingServer:__socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)__address = ('', 12231)__buf = 1024def __init__(self):self.__socket.bind(self.__address)self.__socket.listen(20)self.__msg_handler = ChattingHandler()def start_session(self):print('等待客户连接...\r\n')try:while True:cs, caddr = self.__socket.accept()# 利用handler来管理线程,实现线程之间的socket的相互通信self.__msg_handler.start_thread(cs, caddr)except socket.error:passclass ChattingThread(threading.Thread):__buf = 1024def __init__(self, cs, caddr, msg_handler):super(ChattingThread, self).__init__()self.__cs = csself.__caddr = caddrself.__msg_handler = msg_handler# 使用多线程管理会话def run(self):try:print('...连接来自于:', self.__caddr)data = 'https://www.it610.com/article/欢迎你到来PY_CHATTING！请输入你的很cooooool的昵称(不能带有空格哟`)/r/n'self.__cs.sendall(bytes(data, 'utf-8'))while True:data = https://www.it610.com/article/self.__cs.recv(self.__buf).decode('utf-8')if not data:breakself.__msg_handler.handle_msg(data, self.__cs)print(data)except socket.error as e:print(e.args)passfinally:self.__msg_handler.close_conn(self.__cs)self.__cs.close()class ChattingHandler:__help_str = "[ SYSTEM ]\r\n" \"输入/ls,即可获得所有登陆用户信息\r\n" \"输入/h,即可获得帮助\r\n" \"输入@用户名 (注意用户名后面的空格)+消息,即可发动单聊\r\n" \"输入/i,即可屏蔽群聊信息\r\n" \"再次输入/i,即可取消屏蔽\r\n" \"所有首字符为/的信息都不会发送出去"__buf = 1024__socket_list = []__user_name_to_socket = {}__socket_to_user_name = {}__user_name_to_broadcast_state = {}def start_thread(self, cs, caddr):self.__socket_list.append(cs)chat_thread = ChattingThread(cs, caddr, self)chat_thread.start()def close_conn(self, cs):if cs not in self.__socket_list:return# 去除socket的记录nickname = "SOMEONE"if cs in self.__socket_list:self.__socket_list.remove(cs)# 去除socket与username之间的映射关系if cs in self.__socket_to_user_name:nickname = self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]self.__user_name_to_socket.pop(self.__socket_to_user_name[cs])self.__socket_to_user_name.pop(cs)self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state.pop(nickname)nickname += " "# 广播某玩家退出聊天室self.broadcast_system_msg(nickname + "离开了PY_CHATTING")# 管理用户输入的信息def handle_msg(self, msg, cs):js = json.loads(msg)if js['type'] == "login":if js['msg'] not in self.__user_name_to_socket:if ' ' in js['msg']:self.send_to(json.dumps({'type': 'login','success': False,'msg': '账号不能够带有空格'}), cs)else:self.__user_name_to_socket[js['msg']] = csself.__socket_to_user_name[cs] = js['msg']self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[js['msg']] = Trueself.send_to(json.dumps({'type': 'login','success': True,'msg': '昵称建立成功,输入/ls可查看所有在线的人,输入/help可以查看帮助(所有首字符为/的消息都不会发送)'}), cs)# 广播其他人,他已经进入聊天室self.broadcast_system_msg(js['msg'] + "已经进入了聊天室")else:self.send_to(json.dumps({'type': 'login','success': False,'msg': '账号已存在'}), cs)# 若玩家处于屏蔽模式,则无法发送群聊消息elif js['type'] == "broadcast":if self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]:self.broadcast(js['msg'], cs)else:self.send_to(json.dumps({'type': 'broadcast','msg': '屏蔽模式下无法发送群聊信息'}), cs)elif js['type'] == "ls":self.send_to(json.dumps({'type': 'ls','msg': self.get_all_login_user_info()}), cs)elif js['type'] == "help":self.send_to(json.dumps({'type': 'help','msg': self.__help_str}), cs)elif js['type'] == "sendto":self.single_chatting(cs, js['nickname'], js['msg'])elif js['type'] == "ignore":self.exchange_ignore_state(cs)def exchange_ignore_state(self, cs):if cs in self.__socket_to_user_name:state = self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]if state:state = Falseelse:state = Trueself.__user_name_to_broadcast_state.pop(self.__socket_to_user_name[cs])self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]] = stateif self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]:msg = "通常模式"else:msg = "屏蔽模式"self.send_to(json.dumps({'type': 'ignore','success': True,'msg': '[TIME : %s]\r\n[ SYSTEM ] : %s\r\n' % (ctime(), "模式切换成功,现在是" + msg)}), cs)else:self.send_to({'type': 'ignore','success': False,'msg': '切换失败'}, cs)def single_chatting(self, cs, nickname, msg):if nickname in self.__user_name_to_socket:msg = '[TIME : %s]\r\n[ %s CHATTING TO %s ] : %s\r\n' % (ctime(), self.__socket_to_user_name[cs], nickname, msg)self.send_to_list(json.dumps({'type': 'single','msg': msg}), self.__user_name_to_socket[nickname], cs)else:self.send_to(json.dumps({'type': 'single','msg': '该用户不存在'}), cs)print(nickname)def send_to_list(self, msg, *cs):for i in range(len(cs)):self.send_to(msg, cs[i])def get_all_login_user_info(self):login_list = "[ SYSTEM ] ALIVE USER : \r\n"for key in self.__socket_to_user_name:login_list += self.__socket_to_user_name[key] + ",\r\n"return login_listdef send_to(self, msg, cs):if cs not in self.__socket_list:self.__socket_list.append(cs)cs.sendall(bytes(msg, 'utf-8'))def broadcast_system_msg(self, msg):data = 'https://www.it610.com/article/[TIME : %s]/r/n[ SYSTEM ] : %s/r/n' % (ctime(), msg)js = json.dumps({'type': 'system_msg','msg': data})# 屏蔽了群聊的玩家也可以获得系统的群发信息for i in range(len(self.__socket_list)):if self.__socket_list[i] in self.__socket_to_user_name:self.__socket_list[i].sendall(bytes(js, 'utf-8'))def broadcast(self, msg, cs):data = 'https://www.it610.com/article/[TIME : %s]/r/n[%s] : %s/r/n' % (ctime(), self.__socket_to_user_name[cs], msg)js = json.dumps({'type': 'broadcast','msg': data})# 没有的登陆的玩家无法得知消息,屏蔽了群聊的玩家也没办法获取信息for i in range(len(self.__socket_list)):if self.__socket_list[i] in self.__socket_to_user_name \and self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[self.__socket_list[i]]]:self.__socket_list[i].sendall(bytes(js, 'utf-8'))def main():server = PyChattingServer()server.start_session()main()

【python实现简单的聊天小程序】客户端的实现

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import jsonimport threadingfrom socket import *is_login = Falseis_broadcast = Trueclass ClientReceiveThread(threading.Thread):__buf = 1024def __init__(self, cs):super(ClientReceiveThread, self).__init__()self.__cs = csdef run(self):self.receive_msg()def receive_msg(self):while True:msg = self.__cs.recv(self.__buf).decode('utf-8')if not msg:breakjs = json.loads(msg)if js['type'] == "login":if js['success']:global is_loginis_login = Trueprint(js['msg'])elif js['type'] == "ignore":if js['success']:global is_broadcastif is_broadcast:is_broadcast = Falseelse:is_broadcast = Trueprint(js['msg'])else:if not is_broadcast:print("[现在处于屏蔽模式]")print(js['msg'])class ClientSendMsgThread(threading.Thread):def __init__(self, cs):super(ClientSendMsgThread, self).__init__()self.__cs = csdef run(self):self.send_msg()# 根据不同的输入格式来进行不同的聊天方式def send_msg(self):while True:js = Nonemsg = input()if not is_login:js = json.dumps({'type': 'login','msg': msg})elif msg[0] == "@":data = https://www.it610.com/article/msg.split(' ')if not data:print("请重新输入")breaknickname = data[0]nickname = nickname.strip("@")if len(data) == 1:data.append(" ")js = json.dumps({'type': 'sendto','nickname': nickname,'msg': data[1]})elif msg == "/help":js = json.dumps({'type': 'help','msg': None})elif msg == "/ls":js = json.dumps({'type': 'ls','msg': None})elif msg == "/i":js = json.dumps({'type': 'ignore','msg': None})else:if msg[0] != '/':js = json.dumps({'type': 'broadcast','msg': msg})if js is not None:self.__cs.sendall(bytes(js, 'utf-8'))def main():buf = 1024# 改变这个的地址,变成服务器的地址,那么只要部署到服务器上就可以全网使用了address = ("127.0.0.1", 12231)cs = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)cs.connect(address)data = https://www.it610.com/article/cs.recv(buf).decode("utf-8")if data:print(data)receive_thread = ClientReceiveThread(cs)receive_thread.start()send_thread = ClientSendMsgThread(cs)send_thread.start()while True:passmain()

这样一个简单的聊天室就建立了。
总结
在这个实现聊天室当中,我使用的是json格式的字符串信息来编写的协议,或许,也可以使用一些更加简单的方式去实现
其实这个聊天室也就是一个最基本的socket编程的实现方案,也是一些属于网络方面的比较简单的编写吧
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。