python邮件处理(1)-IMAP收取邮件
"""
function: IMAP收取邮件
detail: 支持最后一封邮件的文本打印以及所有附件的下载
author: w.royee
date: 2021-08-21
"""
import email
import email.header
import imaplib
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
class IMAP:
def __init__(self):
# self.user_id = 'XXXX@qq.com'# QQ邮箱地址
# self.password = 'password '# 邮箱密码(现在基本都是第三方客户端授权码)
# self.imap_server = 'imap.qq.com'
self.user_id = 'XXXX@163.com'# 163邮箱地址
self.password = 'password '
self.imap_server = 'imap.163.com'
def login(self):
"""
登录邮件服务器
:param
:return: imap连接
"""
try:
serv = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(self.imap_server, 993)# SSL加密
print('imap4 服务器连接成功')
except Exception as e:
print('imap4 服务器连接失败:', e)
exit(1)
try:
serv.login(self.user_id, self.password)
print('imap4 登录成功')
return serv
except Exception as e:
print('imap4 登录失败:', e)
exit(1)
def loginout(self, conn):
"""
登出邮件服务器
:param conn: imap连接
:return:
"""
conn.close
conn.logout()
def get_content(self, conn):
"""
获取指定邮件,解析内容
:param conn: imap连接
:return:
"""
# 在连接服务器后,搜索之前,需要选择邮箱,默认select(mailbox='INBOX', readonly=False)
conn.select()
# 筛选符合条件的邮件,这里不知道怎么过滤复杂条件,只能过滤未读邮件或全部
# ret, data = https://www.it610.com/article/conn.search(None,'UNSEEN')# 未读邮件
# ret, data = https://www.it610.com/article/conn.search(None,'(FROM "qq814701082@163.com")')
ret, data = https://www.it610.com/article/conn.search(None,'ALL')# 所有邮件
# 邮件列表
email_list = data[0].split()
if len(email_list) == 0:
print('收件箱为空,已退出')
exit(1)
# 获取最后一封邮件的序号
item = email_list[len(email_list) - 1]
# 获取最后一封邮件内容
ret, data = https://www.it610.com/article/conn.fetch(item,'(RFC822)')
msg = email.message_from_string(data[0][1].decode('gbk'))
sub = msg.get('subject')
email_from = msg.get('from')
email_to = msg.get('to')
sub_text = email.header.decode_header(sub)
email_from_text = email.header.decode_header(email_from)
email_to_text = email.header.decode_header(email_to)
# 如果是特殊字符,元组的第二位会给出编码格式,需要转码
if sub_text[0]:
sub_detail = self.tuple_to_str(sub_text[0])
email_from_detail = ''
for i in range(len(email_from_text)):
email_from_detail = email_from_detail + self.tuple_to_str(email_from_text[i])
email_to_detail = ''
for i in range(len(email_to_text)):
email_to_detail = email_to_detail + self.tuple_to_str(email_to_text[i])
print('主题:', sub_detail)
print('发件人:', email_from_detail)
print('收件人:', email_to_detail)
# 通过walk可以遍历出所有的内容
for part in msg.walk():
# 这里要判断是否是multipart,如果是,数据没用丢弃
if not part.is_multipart():
# 字符集
# charset = part.get_charset()
# print('charset: ', charset)
# 内容类型
content_type = part.get_content_type()
# print('content-type', content_type)
# 如果是附件,这里就会取出附件的文件名,以下两种方式都可以获取
# name = part.get_param("name")
name = part.get_filename()
if name:
# 附件
# 中文名获取到的是=?GBK?Q?=D6=D0=CE=C4=C3=FB.docx?=(中文名.docx)格式,需要将其解码为bytes格式
trans_name = email.header.decode_header(name)
if trans_name[0][1]:
# 将bytes格式转为可读格式
file_name = trans_name[0][0].decode(trans_name[0][1])
else:
file_name = trans_name[0][0]
print('开始下载附件:', file_name)
attach_data = https://www.it610.com/article/part.get_payload(decode=True)# 解码出附件数据,然后存储到文件中
try:
f = open(file_name,'wb')# 注意一定要用wb来打开文件,因为附件一般都是二进制文件
except Exception as e:
print(e)
f = open('tmp', 'wb')
f.write(attach_data)
f.close()
print('附件下载成功:', file_name)
else:
# 文本内容
txt = part.get_payload(decode=True)# 解码文本内容
# 分别解释text/html和text/plain两种类型,纯文本解释起来较简单,两种类型内容一致
if content_type == 'text/html':
print('以下是邮件正文(text/html):')
# 这里笔者不同邮件服务器遇到了不同情况,只解释了QQ邮箱,163的可以修改代码:
# QQ邮箱
# 1、有两层标签,格式为文本1文本2
# 2、只有一层标签,格式为文本1
文本2
# 163邮箱
# 只有一层标签,格式为文本1文本2
soup = BeautifulSoup(str(txt, 'gbk'), 'lxml')
div_data = https://www.it610.com/article/soup.find_all('div')
if len(div_data) > 1:
for each in div_data[1:]:
print(each.text)
else:
for each in soup.find_all('p'):
print(each.text)
elif content_type == 'text/plain':
print('以下是邮件正文(text/plain):')
# 纯文本格式为bytes,不同邮件服务器较统一
print(str(txt, 'gbk'))
def front(self, conn):
"""
使用163邮箱,[Skrill下载](https://www.gendan5.com/wallet/Skrill.html)必须在select之前上传客户端身份信息,否则报错:command SEARCH illegal in state AUTH, only allowed in states SELECTED
:param conn: imap连接
:return:
"""
imaplib.Commands['ID'] = 'AUTH'
# 如果使用163邮箱,需要上传客户端身份信息
args = ("name", "XXXX", "contact", "XXXX@163.com", "version", "1.0.0", "vendor", "myclient")
typ, dat = conn._simple_command('ID', '("' + '" "'.join(args) + '")')
# print(conn._untagged_response(typ, dat, 'ID'))
def tuple_to_str(self, tuple_):
"""
元组转为字符串输出
:param tuple_: 转换前的元组,QQ邮箱格式为(b'\xcd\xf5\xd4\xc6', 'gbk')或者(b' ', None),163邮箱格式为('', None)
:return: 转换后的字符串
"""
if tuple_[1]:
out_str = tuple_[0].decode(tuple_[1])
else:
if isinstance(tuple_[0], bytes):
out_str = tuple_[0].decode('gbk')
else:
out_str = tuple_[0]
return out_str
【python邮件处理(1)-IMAP收取邮件】if name == '__main__':
IMAP = IMAP()
conn = IMAP.login()
IMAP.front(conn)
IMAP.get_content(conn)
IMAP.loginout(conn)
推荐阅读
- python学习之|python学习之 实现QQ自动发送消息
- 逻辑回归的理解与python示例
- Java|Java OpenCV图像处理之SIFT角点检测详解
- python自定义封装带颜色的logging模块
- 事件处理程序
- 【Leetcode/Python】001-Two|【Leetcode/Python】001-Two Sum
- Python基础|Python基础 - 练习1
- Python爬虫|Python爬虫 --- 1.4 正则表达式(re库)
- Python(pathlib模块)
- python青少年编程比赛_第十一届蓝桥杯大赛青少年创意编程组比赛细则