【Android笔记】Kotlin结合Jetpack构建MVVM

Jetpack

Jetpack 是一个由多个库组成的套件,可帮助开发者遵循最佳做法,减少样板代码并编写可在各种 Android 版本和设备中一致运行的代码,让开发者精力集中编写重要的代码。
Android Architecture Component (AAC)。
官方推荐架构
【Android笔记】Kotlin结合Jetpack构建MVVM
文章图片

请注意,每个组件仅依赖于其下一级的组件。例如,Activity 和 Fragment 仅依赖于视图模型。存储区是唯一依赖于其他多个类的类;在本例中,存储区依赖于持久性数据模型和远程后端数据源。
MVVM
MVVM即Model - View - ViewModel的缩写,它的出现是为了将图形界面与业务逻辑,数据模型进行解耦。
MVVM也是Google推崇的一种Android项目架构模型。
之前学习的Jetpack组建,大部分都是为了能够更好地架构MVVM应用程序而设计的。
API接口
接口:https://api.github.com/users/...
工程结构
bean:实体类。
api:网络请求接口。
repository:仓储层。用于存放Room数据,网络数据,本地数据等。
viewmodel:从仓储层获取数据,不需要关心数据来源。
view:Activity,Fragment和布局文件,用会用到DataBinding组件
dao:Room数据库操作
application:实例化全局文件和获取全局上下文。
bindingAdapter:放一些
添加依赖
implementation 'androidx.swiperefreshlayout:swiperefreshlayout:1.1.0' implementation 'de.hdodenhof:circleimageview:3.0.1'

搭建项目
【【Android笔记】Kotlin结合Jetpack构建MVVM】通过获取GitHub API获取个人信息进行展示。
1. 定义User实体类
@Entity(tableName = "user") data class User( @PrimaryKey @ColumnInfo(name = "id", typeAffinity = ColumnInfo.INTEGER) var id: Int, @ColumnInfo(name = "login", typeAffinity = ColumnInfo.TEXT) var login: String, @ColumnInfo(name = "name", typeAffinity = ColumnInfo.TEXT) var name: String?, @ColumnInfo(name = "avatar_url", typeAffinity = ColumnInfo.TEXT) @SerializedName("avatar_url")var avatar: String?, @ColumnInfo(name = "blog", typeAffinity = ColumnInfo.TEXT) var blog: String, @ColumnInfo(name = "company", typeAffinity = ColumnInfo.TEXT) var company: String?, @ColumnInfo(name = "bio", typeAffinity = ColumnInfo.TEXT) var bio: String?, @ColumnInfo(name = "location", typeAffinity = ColumnInfo.TEXT) var location: String?, @ColumnInfo(name = "htmlUrl", typeAffinity = ColumnInfo.TEXT) @SerializedName("html_url") var htmlUrl: String? ) ``` ####2. 定义Dao类 ``` @Dao interface UserDao { @Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.REPLACE) fun insertUser(user: User)@Delete fun deleteUser(user: User)@Query("select * from user where login =:name") fun getUserByName(name: String): LiveData } ``` ####3. 定义DataBase类 ``` @Database(entities = [User::class], version =7) abstract class AppDatabase : RoomDatabase() { abstract fun userDao(): UserDaocompanion object { private var instance: AppDatabase? = null@Synchronized fun getDatabase(context: Context): AppDatabase { instance?.let { return it } return Room.databaseBuilder( context.applicationContext, AppDatabase::class.java, "user_db" ).fallbackToDestructiveMigration().build().apply { instance = this } } } } 4. 定义API接口 interface Api { @GET("users/{userName}") fun getUser(@Path("userName") userName: String): Call } 5. 定义Retrofit访问网络 object RetrofitClient { private const val BASE_URL = "https://api.github.com/" var retrofit: Retrofitinit { retrofit = Retrofit.Builder().baseUrl(BASE_URL).addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .build() }fun getApi(): Api? { return retrofit.create(Api::class.java) } } 6. 定义Application类 class MyApplication : Application() { companion object { lateinit var context: Context }override fun onCreate() { super.onCreate() context = applicationContext } } 7. 定义Repository object UserRepository { var userDao: UserDao = AppDatabase.getDatabase(MyApplication.context).userDao()fun getUser(name: String): LiveData { refresh(name) return userDao.getUserByName(name) }fun refresh(name: String) { RetrofitClient.getApi()?.getUser(name)?.enqueue(object : Callback { override fun onResponse(call: Call, response: Response) { if (response.body() != null) { insertUser(response.body()!!) } }override fun onFailure(call: Call, t: Throwable) { Log.d("UserRepository", "onFailure$t") }}) }fun insertUser(user: User) { thread { userDao.insertUser(user) } } } 8. 定义ViewModel class MvvmViewModel : ViewModel() { val userName = "yaoxin521123" fun getUser() = UserRepository.getUser(userName) fun refresh() = UserRepository.refresh(userName) } 9. 绘制xml 10. 在Activity触发事件 class MvvmActivity : AppCompatActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)val binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_mvvm) val viewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(MvvmViewModel::class.java) viewModel.getUser().observe(this, { if (it != null) { binding.user = it } }) binding.srlSwipeRefreshLayout.setOnRefreshListener { viewModel.refresh() binding.srlSwipeRefreshLayout.isRefreshing = false }} } 11. 定义BindingAapter class BindingAdapter { companion object { @JvmStatic @BindingAdapter(value = https://www.it610.com/article/["image", "defaultImageResource"], requireAll = false) fun setImage(imageView: ImageView, imageUrl: String?, imageResource: Int) { if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(imageUrl)) { Picasso.get() .load(imageUrl) .placeholder(R.drawable.ic_launcher_background) .error(R.drawable.ic_launcher_background) .into(imageView) } else { imageView.setImageResource(imageResource) } } } }

结语:后续会持续更新哦,喜欢的话点赞关注一下吧。
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