socket编程实现简单的http server

在了解HTTP协议在应用层的一些通信规则后,我们可以开始写一个简单的http server,加深对socket的理解。
为了简单起见,这里不对请求的方法等进行判定,默认为GET;也不请求特定资源。
(一)TCP服务器 简单起见,这里用简单的单线程迭代服务器,即在一个while循环里面不断接收请求处理请求。
套接字函数
这里的所有的套接字函数都是使用unp中的包裹函数:

int Socket(int ,int,int); void Bind(int ,const struct sockaddr*sa,socklen_t salen); void Listen(int ,int); int Accept(int,struct sockaddr*,socklen_t*); int //创建套接字 Socket(int family , int type,int protocol) { intn; if ( (n = socket(family, type, protocol)) < 0) { printf("socket error\r\n"); return -1; } return(n); } void//绑定套接字 Bind(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen) { if (bind(fd, sa, salen) < 0) { printf("bind error\r\n"); exit(-1); } } void//监听套接字 Listen(int fd, int backlog) { char*ptr; /*4can override 2nd argument with environment variable */ if ( (ptr = getenv("LISTENQ")) != NULL) backlog = atoi(ptr); if (listen(fd, backlog) < 0) { printf("listen error\r\n"); return ; } }int//接收连接 Accept(int fd, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *salenptr) { intn; again: if ( (n = accept(fd, sa, salenptr)) < 0) { #ifdefEPROTO if (errno == EPROTO || errno == ECONNABORTED) #else if (errno == ECONNABORTED) #endif goto again; else { printf("accept error\r\n"); return -1; } } return(n); }

(二)解析HTTP请求
int getRequest(int socket) { int msgLen=0; char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE]; memset (buffer,'\0', BUFFER_SIZE); if ((msgLen = recv(socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0)) == -1)//接收TCP流 { printf("Error handling incoming request"); return -1; } //以下仅仅在GDB中调试验证 stringstream ss; ss<>method; string uri; //请求uri ss>>uri; string version; //http协议版本 ss>>version; //... }

由于在本实现中,不对请求方法做区分,因此这里不对请求内容再做判断,仅仅通过GDB调试解析出的内容是否正确。
(三)构造HTTP响应 构造一个HTTP响应就要按照要求构造响应行,响应头部字段和值,响应的实体(这里为简单的html文本)。
string statusCode("200 OK"); //响应状态码 string contentType("text/html"); //content-type字段值 string content("my simple httpserver - 锐客网hello zx world"); //响应实体 string contentSize(std::to_string(content.size())); //响应实体大小 string head("\r\nHTTP/1.1 "); //版本 string ContentType("\r\nContent-Type: "); //头部字段 string ServerHead("\r\nServer: localhost"); //头部字段和值 string ContentLength("\r\nContent-Length: "); //头部字段 string Date("\r\nDate: "); //头部字段 string Newline("\r\n"); time_t rawtime; time(&rawtime); //获取时间 string message; //按照http响应的顺序和要求构造响应头部 message+=head; message+=statusCode; message+=ContentType; message+=contentType; message+=ServerHead; message+=ContentLength; message+=contentSize; message+=Date; message+=(string)ctime(&rawtime); message+=Newline; int messageLength=message.size(); int n; n=send(socket,message.c_str(),messageLength,0); //发送响应头 n=send(socket,content.c_str(),content.size(),0); //发送响应实体

(四)完整代码
#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include using namespace std; #define BUFFER_SIZE 512int Socket(int ,int,int); void Bind(int ,const struct sockaddr*sa,socklen_t salen); void Listen(int ,int); int Accept(int,struct sockaddr*,socklen_t*); void handleAccept(int); void handleHttp(int); int getRequest(int); int main(int argc,char **argv) { const int port = 1024; //listen port int listenfd=Socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); struct sockaddr_in serverAddr; serverAddr.sin_family=AF_INET; serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY; serverAddr.sin_port=htons(port); Bind(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&serverAddr,sizeof(serverAddr)); Listen(listenfd,5); while(true) { handleAccept(listenfd); }}int Socket(int family , int type,int protocol) { intn; if ( (n = socket(family, type, protocol)) < 0) { printf("socket error\r\n"); return -1; } return(n); } void Bind(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen) { if (bind(fd, sa, salen) < 0) { printf("bind error\r\n"); exit(-1); } } void Listen(int fd, int backlog) { char*ptr; /*4can override 2nd argument with environment variable */ if ( (ptr = getenv("LISTENQ")) != NULL) backlog = atoi(ptr); if (listen(fd, backlog) < 0) { printf("listen error\r\n"); return ; } } int Accept(int fd, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *salenptr) { intn; again: if ( (n = accept(fd, sa, salenptr)) < 0) { #ifdefEPROTO if (errno == EPROTO || errno == ECONNABORTED) #else if (errno == ECONNABORTED) #endif goto again; else { printf("accept error\r\n"); return -1; } } return(n); }void handleAccept(int listenfd) { sockaddr_in clientAddr; socklen_t clientLen=sizeof(clientAddr); int connfd=Accept(listenfd,(sockaddr *)&clientAddr,&clientLen); handleHttp(connfd); close(connfd); }void handleHttp(int connfd) { if(getRequest(connfd)<0) { perror("http request get error"); exit(-1); } } int getRequest(int socket) { int msgLen=0; char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE]; memset (buffer,'\0', BUFFER_SIZE); if ((msgLen = recv(socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0)) == -1) { printf("Error handling incoming request"); return -1; } stringstream ss; ss<>method; string uri; ss>>uri; string version; ss>>version; // string statusCode("200 OK"); string contentType("text/html"); string content("my simple httpserver - 锐客网hello zx world"); string contentSize(std::to_string(content.size())); string head("\r\nHTTP/1.1 "); string ContentType("\r\nContent-Type: "); string ServerHead("\r\nServer: localhost"); string ContentLength("\r\nContent-Length: "); string Date("\r\nDate: "); string Newline("\r\n"); time_t rawtime; time(&rawtime); string message; message+=head; message+=statusCode; message+=ContentType; message+=contentType; message+=ServerHead; message+=ContentLength; message+=contentSize; message+=Date; message+=(string)ctime(&rawtime); message+=Newline; int messageLength=message.size(); int n; n=send(socket,message.c_str(),messageLength,0); n=send(socket,content.c_str(),content.size(),0); return n; }

比较简陋的实现。
(五)测试 【socket编程实现简单的http server】编译运行,用curl测试
curl -v localhost:1024

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