以太坊ETH DAPP开发（1）（实战开发基于truffle） ETH

一、开发环境配置 1、硬件配置

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2、依赖工具版本

~/eth_workspace$geth version Geth Version: 1.8.18-stable Architecture: amd64 Protocol Versions: [63 62] Network Id: 1 Go Version: go1.11.2 Operating System: darwin GOPATH=/Users/wujinquan/go GOROOT=/usr/local/Cellar/go/1.10.3/libexec ~/eth_workspace$npm -v 6.4.1 ~/eth_workspace$node -v v11.2.0 ~/eth_workspace$truffle version Truffle v4.1.14 (core: 4.1.14) Solidity v0.4.24 (solc-js) ~/eth_workspace$

二、智能合约开发部署过程 1、项目源码地址 2、建立一个独立的目录

~/gitmakenoise/conference$ls README.md ~/gitmakenoise/conference$mkdir truffle ~/gitmakenoise/conference$cd truffle/

3、运行truffle init创建默认的合约项目

contracts/: 智能合约存放的目录，默认情况下已经帮你创建 Migrations.sol合约。
migrations/: 存放部署脚本
test/: 存放测试脚本
truffle.js: truffle的配置文件

~/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle$truffle init Downloading... Unpacking... Setting up... Unbox successful. Sweet!Commands:Compile:truffle compile Migrate:truffle migrate Test contracts: truffle test ~/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle$tree . ├── contracts │└── Migrations.sol ├── migrations │└── 1_initial_migration.js ├── test ├── truffle-config.js └── truffle.js3 directories, 4 files ~/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle$

4、修改truffle.js文件，改成如下: 这里是设置我们稍后要部署智能合约的位置, 否则会报网络错误。

module.exports = { networks: { development: { host: "localhost", port: 8545, network_id: "*" // 匹配任何network id } } };

5、修改/新建、编译智能合约（1）进入contracts目录，这里是存放合约代码的地方，这里新建 Conference.sol合约
合约内容很简单，是一个针对会议的智能合约，通过它参会者可以买票，组织者可以设置参会人数上限，以及退款策略。
（2）编译智能合约
修改migrations下的1_initial_migration.js文件，改成如下：

//var Migrations = artifacts.require("./Migrations.sol"); var Conference = artifacts.require("./Conference.sol"); module.exports = function(deployer) { //deployer.deploy(Migrations); deployer.deploy(Conference); };

6、编译合约项目 truffle compile --compile-all
Truffle仅默认编译自上次编译后被修改过的文件，来减少不必要的编译。如果你想编译全部文件，可以使用–compile-all选项。
然后会多出一个build目录，该目录下的文件都不要做任何的修改。

~/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle$truffle compile --compile-all Compiling ./contracts/Conference.sol... Compiling ./contracts/Migrations.sol...Compilation warnings encountered:/Users/wujinquan/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle/contracts/Conference.sol:13:2: Warning: Defining constructors as functions with the same name as the contract is deprecated. Use "constructor(...) { ... }" instead. function Conference() { ^ (Relevant source part starts here and spans across multiple lines). ,/Users/wujinquan/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle/contracts/Conference.sol:21:4: Warning: "throw" is deprecated in favour of "revert()", "require()" and "assert()". throw; // throw ensures funds will be returned ^---^ ,/Users/wujinquan/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle/contracts/Conference.sol:25:3: Warning: Invoking events without "emit" prefix is deprecated. Deposit(msg.sender, msg.value); ^----------------------------^ ,/Users/wujinquan/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle/contracts/Conference.sol:38:5: Warning: Failure condition of 'send' ignored. Consider using 'transfer' instead. recipient.send(amount); ^--------------------^ ,/Users/wujinquan/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle/contracts/Conference.sol:39:5: Warning: Invoking events without "emit" prefix is deprecated. Refund(recipient, amount); ^-----------------------^ ,/Users/wujinquan/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle/contracts/Conference.sol:49:4: Warning: "suicide" has been deprecated in favour of "selfdestruct" suicide(organizer); ^----------------^ ,/Users/wujinquan/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle/contracts/Conference.sol:13:2: Warning: No visibility specified. Defaulting to "public". function Conference() { ^ (Relevant source part starts here and spans across multiple lines). ,/Users/wujinquan/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle/contracts/Conference.sol:47:2: Warning: No visibility specified. Defaulting to "public". function destroy() { ^ (Relevant source part starts here and spans across multiple lines).Writing artifacts to ./build/contracts~/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle$

7、运行testrpc 开启一个终端，输入testrpc运行测试节点。testrpc是一个完整的在内存中的区块链测试环境，启动 testrpc 经后，会默认创建10个帐号，Available Accounts是帐号列表，Private Keys是相对应的帐号密钥。

~/eth_workspace$testrpc EthereumJS TestRPC v6.0.3 (ganache-core: 2.0.2)Available Accounts ================== (0) 0x91d16ebaf685844a45f78f539b9f391445509937 (1) 0x1602a3cc58b3884bceb22c3cdfc57d73ecdc705d (2) 0x4b675ac76bd27870c3b301098d4445f7bd1c3095 (3) 0xe2790185a701a21d2d36fccbe5761c4ac637e743 (4) 0x3071e412a0a2b158bb3c48de60eede057c47dfbf (5) 0x9398d2b8e6265bf0a4e583145caec839ef0257fb (6) 0xa47f8c5d8acc4cd2c3c4e5e4a8a0b16f1eb35d7a (7) 0xff719fd90a008cbc7433bea42cc9944667bc4624 (8) 0x8e0407dec67002c5fb99602dbe24dc2f544b7501 (9) 0xbeb3a9b7b0a0ff13e4bdc1c6f0e075325e4214b4Private Keys ================== (0) 1a54e7b8c8ceaa63ff2c02890dd12e654eea0829c5ef86fd8ec2a94b80d85a9a (1) 9434af16caf5be665bb39aab976637341bba69b21994fab3094c391efa4afee1 (2) 0d963e5fa979650fa4cbfe49edcb0a358f356549ff040adeaf60329b26b2077c (3) 206f6dbacf5e02fd379dcc5692cd9f3ee3bf31c21846c7cc7017874a1113831d (4) 24cd5f53246c0012e2d6e0c3af8213bea5ab754ce5a11057adbcd113633c5384 (5) a01d3901222ae73a9a67a6a2aeac32214748237e47b001feb1f0236671e41a80 (6) 12a864c793fd71fbfee6d5e18d7c5f0c5cedaffd14eb3b513db9cf405f682c12 (7) fa4a1aa1869f618a987927433366b2511f988b4a48d315c90bb6f39066408c54 (8) a6694dd3dad7b4399a8ab50649667ef7435a2c0ef7e88c3d8452194b062f9929 (9) d9c8ca783379dea8b272062dce2919f163656749c98c571fe5502789281bd2f7HD Wallet ================== Mnemonic:assume atom always scene enroll group cave chest veteran security tail zoo Base HD Path:m/44'/60'/0'/0/{account_index}Listening on localhost:8545

8、truffle调用以太坊的接口 (1) 进入truffle 终端

~/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle$truffle console truffle(development)>

(2) 调用以太坊接口
以太坊提供了一个web3.js库来访问以太坊内部的方法或者命令。
我们可以在truffle终端中调用下web3的方法，在truffle终端中输入web3.eth，你会得到一堆输出

truffle(development)> web3.eth Eth { _requestManager: RequestManager { provider: HttpProvider { host: 'http://localhost:8545', timeout: 0, user: undefined, password: undefined, headers: undefined, send: [Function], sendAsync: [Function], _alreadyWrapped: true }, polls: {}, timeout: null }, getBalance: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_getBalance' }, getStorageAt: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_getStorageAt' }, getCode: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_getCode' }, getBlock: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: [Function: blockCall] }, getUncle: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: [Function: uncleCall] }, getCompilers: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_getCompilers' }, getBlockTransactionCount: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: [Function: getBlockTransactionCountCall] }, getBlockUncleCount: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: [Function: uncleCountCall] }, getTransaction: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_getTransactionByHash' }, getTransactionFromBlock: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: [Function: transactionFromBlockCall] }, getTransactionReceipt: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_getTransactionReceipt' }, getTransactionCount: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_getTransactionCount' }, call: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_call' }, estimateGas: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_estimateGas' }, sendRawTransaction: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_sendRawTransaction' }, signTransaction: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_signTransaction' }, sendTransaction: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_sendTransaction' }, sign: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_sign' }, compile: { solidity: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_compileSolidity' }, lll: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_compileLLL' }, serpent: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_compileSerpent' } }, submitWork: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_submitWork' }, getWork: { [Function: send] request: [Function: bound ], call: 'eth_getWork' }, coinbase: [Getter], getCoinbase: { [Function: get] request: [Function: bound ] }, mining: [Getter], getMining: { [Function: get] request: [Function: bound ] }, hashrate: [Getter], getHashrate: { [Function: get] request: [Function: bound ] }, syncing: [Getter], getSyncing: { [Function: get] request: [Function: bound ] }, gasPrice: [Getter], getGasPrice: { [Function: get] request: [Function: bound ] }, accounts: [Getter], getAccounts: { [Function: get] request: [Function: bound ] }, blockNumber: [Getter], getBlockNumber: { [Function: get] request: [Function: bound ] }, protocolVersion: [Getter], getProtocolVersion: { [Function: get] request: [Function: bound ] }, iban: ....

9、部署合约到testrpc truffle migrate --reset
这个命令会执行所有migrations目录下的js文件。如果之前执行过truffle migrate命令，再次执行，只会部署新的js文件，如果没有新的js文件，不会起任何作用。如果使用–reset参数，则会重新的执行所有脚本的部署。

~/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle$truffle migrate --reset Using network 'development'.Running migration: 1_initial_migration.js Deploying Conference... # 部署成功的txid ... 0xe1a21217d843a13df1613f6b3fe22200626aef0bc4281a8fc1cc3b2f3e7dd289 # 合约地址 Conference: 0x2233e07a9db44e0ca74e057b0589ef928e5113f8 Saving artifacts... ~/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle$

例如查询账户

truffle(development)> web3.eth.accounts [ '0x91d16ebaf685844a45f78f539b9f391445509937', '0x1602a3cc58b3884bceb22c3cdfc57d73ecdc705d', '0x4b675ac76bd27870c3b301098d4445f7bd1c3095', '0xe2790185a701a21d2d36fccbe5761c4ac637e743', '0x3071e412a0a2b158bb3c48de60eede057c47dfbf', '0x9398d2b8e6265bf0a4e583145caec839ef0257fb', '0xa47f8c5d8acc4cd2c3c4e5e4a8a0b16f1eb35d7a', '0xff719fd90a008cbc7433bea42cc9944667bc4624', '0x8e0407dec67002c5fb99602dbe24dc2f544b7501', '0xbeb3a9b7b0a0ff13e4bdc1c6f0e075325e4214b4' ] truffle(development)>

10、在testrpc窗口

Listening on localhost:8545 net_version eth_accounts eth_accounts net_version net_version eth_sendTransaction # Transaction为第8中的txid Transaction: 0xe1a21217d843a13df1613f6b3fe22200626aef0bc4281a8fc1cc3b2f3e7dd289 # Contract为为第8中的合约地址 Contract created: 0x2233e07a9db44e0ca74e057b0589ef928e5113f8 Gas usage: 528285 Block Number: 1 Block Time: Fri Nov 23 2018 20:30:10 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)

11、在truffle 终端中查看合约相关信息通过truffle框架教程查看相关命令，确认合约部署成功

#将合约重命名为app并生成命令用于调试 truffle(development)> Conference.deployed().then(function(instance) { app = instance}) undefined#原因暂时忽略 truffle(development)> app.address #查看合约地址，可见与第10点中合约地址一致 '0x2233e07a9db44e0ca74e057b0589ef928e5113f8' truffle(development)> app.quota() #查看合约中的变量，可见与contracts/Conference.sol中一致 BigNumber { s: 1, e: 2, c: [ 100 ] } truffle(development)> app.organizer() #查看合约的部署者，可见为第9点中testrpc中的第一个账户 '0x91d16ebaf685844a45f78f539b9f391445509937'

12、在test目录新增一个conference.js测试文件执行 truffle test

~/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle$truffle test Using network 'development'.start testingContract: Conference ? Initial conference settings should match (132ms) ? Should update quota (118ms) ? Should let you buy a ticket (555ms) ? Should issue a refund by owner only (687ms)4 passing (2s)~/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle$truffle -h

可在testrpc窗口见到相应的打印信息
三、编写web应用 1、执行npm init，然后一路回车

~/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle$npm init This utility will walk you through creating a package.json file. It only covers the most common items, and tries to guess sensible defaults.See `npm help json` for definitive documentation on these fields and exactly what they do.Use `npm install ` afterwards to install a package and save it as a dependency in the package.json file.Press ^C at any time to quit. package name: (truffle) version: (1.0.0) description: entry point: (truffle.js) test command: git repository: keywords: author: license: (ISC) About to write to /Users/wujinquan/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle/package.json:{ "name": "truffle", "version": "1.0.0", "description": "", "main": "truffle.js", "directories": { "test": "test" }, "scripts": { "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1" }, "author": "", "license": "ISC" }Is this OK? (yes) ~/gitmakenoise/conference/truffle$

生成一个名为package.json的文件，定义了这个项目所需要的各种模块，以及项目的配置信息（比如名称、版本、许可证等元数据）。npm 命令根据这个配置文件，自动下载所需的模块，也就是配置项目所需的运行和开发环境。
编辑这个文件，在scripts部分增加两个命令，最终如下:

{ "name": "conference", "version": "1.0.0", "description": "", "main": "truffle-config.js", "directories": { "test": "test" }, "scripts": { "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1", "start": "webpack", "server": "webpack-dev-server --open" }, "author": "", "license": "ISC" }

2、在truffle目录下新建app目录此目录主要存放web前段html、js 、css文件，不多解释
3、使用webpack打包部署web webpack环境问题，解决中，…未完待续
四、总结 1、Truffle框架开发优势 【以太坊ETH DAPP开发（1）（实战开发基于truffle）】Truffle是一个世界级的开发环境，测试框架，以太坊的资源管理通道，致力于让以太坊上的开发变得简单，Truffle有以下优点：