福利来了！Python内置函数最全总结，建议收藏！ python

?
1 abs()
绝对值或复数的模

In [1]: abs(-6) Out[1]: 6

2 all()
接受一个迭代器，如果迭代器的所有元素都为真，那么返回True，否则返回False

In [2]: all([1,0,3,6]) Out[2]: FalseIn [3]: all([1,2,3]) Out[3]: True

3 any()
接受一个迭代器，如果迭代器里有一个元素为真，那么返回True，否则返回False

In [4]: any([0,0,0,[]]) Out[4]: FalseIn [5]: any([0,0,1]) Out[5]: True

4 ascii()

调用对象的repr() 方法，获得该方法的返回值 In [30]: class Student(): ...:def __init__(self,id,name): ...:self.id = id ...:self.name = name ...:def __repr__(self): ...:return 'id = '+self.id +', name = '+self.nameIn [33]: print(xiaoming) id = 001, name = xiaomingIn [34]: ascii(xiaoming) Out[34]: 'id = 001, name = xiaoming'

5 dict()
创建数据字典

In [92]: dict() Out[92]: {}In [93]: dict(a='a',b='b') Out[93]: {'a': 'a', 'b': 'b'}In [94]: dict(zip(['a','b'],[1,2])) Out[94]: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}In [95]: dict([('a',1),('b',2)]) Out[95]: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}

6 dir()
不带参数时返回当前范围内的变量，方法和定义的类型列表；带参数时返回参数的属性，方法列表。

In [96]: dir(xiaoming) Out[96]: ['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'name']

7 divmod()
分别取商和余数

In [97]: divmod(10,3) Out[97]: (3, 1)

8 isinstance(object, classinfo)
判断object是否为类classinfo的实例，是返回true

In [20]: class Student(): ...:...:def __init__(self,id,name): ...:...:self.id = id ...:...:self.name = name ...:...:def __repr__(self): ...:...:return 'id = '+self.id +', name = '+self.name ...:In [21]: xiaoming = Student('001','xiaoming')In [22]: isinstance(xiaoming,Student) Out[22]: True

9 issubclass(class, classinfo)
如果class是classinfo类的子类，返回True：

In [27]: class undergraduate(Student): ...:def studyClass(self): ...:pass ...:def attendActivity(self): ...:pass ...:In [28]: issubclass(undergraduate,Student) Out[28]: TrueIn [29]: issubclass(object,Student) Out[29]: FalseIn [30]: issubclass(Student,object) Out[30]: True 如果class是classinfo元组中某个元素的子类，也会返回True In [26]: issubclass(int,(int,float)) Out[26]: True

10 iter(object, sentinel)
返回一个可迭代对象, sentinel可省略

In [72]: lst = [1,3,5]In [73]: for i in iter(lst): ...:print(i) ...: 1 3 5

sentinel 理解为迭代对象的哨兵，一旦迭代到此元素，立即终止：

In [81]: class TestIter(object): ...:def __init__(self): ...:self.l=[1,3,2,3,4,5] ...:self.i=iter(self.l) ...:def __call__(self):#定义了__call__方法的类的实例是可调用的 ...:item = next(self.i) ...:print ("__call__ is called,which would return",item) ...:return item ...:def __iter__(self): #支持迭代协议(即定义有__iter__()函数) ...:print ("__iter__ is called!!") ...:return iter(self.l) ...:In [82]:t = TestIter() ...:t1 = iter(t, 3) ...:for i in t1: ...:print(i) ...: __call__ is called,which would return 1 1 __call__ is called,which would return 3

11 max(iterable,*[, key, default])
返回最大值：

In [99]: max(3,1,4,2,1) Out[99]: 4In [100]: max((),default=0) Out[100]: 0In [89]: di = {'a':3,'b1':1,'c':4} In [90]: max(di) Out[90]: 'c'In [102]: a = [{'name':'xiaoming','age':18,'gender':'male'},{'name':' ...: xiaohong','age':20,'gender':'female'}] In [104]: max(a,key=lambda x: x['age']) Out[104]: {'name': 'xiaohong', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'female'}

12 min(iterable,*[, key, default])
【福利来了！Python内置函数最全总结，建议收藏！】返回最小值
13 memoryview(obj)
返回由给定实参创建的“内存视图”对象， Python 代码访问一个对象的内部数据，只要该对象支持缓冲区协议而无需进行拷贝
14 next(iterator,[, default])
返回可迭代对象的下一个元素

In [129]: it = iter([5,3,4,1])In [130]: next(it) Out[130]: 5In [131]: next(it) Out[131]: 3In [132]: next(it) Out[132]: 4In [133]: next(it) Out[133]: 1In [134]: next(it,0) #迭代到头，默认返回值为0 Out[134]: 0In [135]: next(it) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- StopIterationTraceback (most recent call last) in ----> 1 next(it)StopIteration:

15 object()
返回一个没有特征的新对象。object 是所有类的基类。