初学Android之网络封装实例初学Android之网络封装实例

前言：模拟用户登录，从安卓发送请求到服务端校验，再从服务端返回给安卓校验结果
1.在AndroidManifest.xml文件中添加网络权限

所放位置如图所示：

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2.添加依赖，在app模块下的build.gradle中添加okhttp和json的依赖

implementation group: 'com.squareup.okhttp3', name: 'okhttp', version: '4.9.0'implementation 'com.alibaba:fastjson:1.2.10'

添加位置如图所示，添加之后点击

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进行编译引入。

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3.封装一个实体类，用于接收请求后的响应信息。（响应，包括响应码code和响应体body）

public class ResponseBody {private String code; //响应码private Object result; //响应体public String getCode() {return code; }public void setCode(String code) {this.code = code; }public Object getResult() {return result; }public void setResult(Object result) {this.result = result; }}

4.封装一个实体类（User）

public class User {private int id; private String username; private String password; private String phone; private String name; private String sex; public int getId() {return id; }public void setId(int id) {this.id = id; }public String getUsername() {return username; }public void setUsername(String username) {this.username = username; }public String getPassword() {return password; }public void setPassword(String password) {this.password = password; }public String getPhone() {return phone; }public void setPhone(String phone) {this.phone = phone; }public String getName() {return name; }public void setName(String name) {this.name = name; }public String getSex() {return sex; }public void setSex(String sex) {this.sex = sex; }}

5.定义OkHttp工具，包括get，post两种请求方式

import androidx.annotation.NonNull; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Set; import okhttp3.Cookie; import okhttp3.CookieJar; import okhttp3.FormBody; import okhttp3.HttpUrl; import okhttp3.OkHttpClient; import okhttp3.Request; import okhttp3.Response; public class OkHttpUtils {private static final String BASE_URL = "http://192.168.10.104:8080/"; //地址private static OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient(); private static ResponseBody responseBody; /**因为OkHttp自带cookie效果，在构造方法中进行初始化，使其生效*/public OkHttpUtils(){final Map> cookieStore=new HashMap<>(); client=new OkHttpClient.Builder().cookieJar(new CookieJar() {@Overridepublic void saveFromResponse(@NonNull HttpUrl httpUrl, @NonNull List list) {cookieStore.put(httpUrl.host(),list); }@NonNull@Overridepublic List loadForRequest(@NonNull HttpUrl httpUrl) {List cookies=cookieStore.get(httpUrl.host()); return cookies==null?new ArrayList<>():cookies; }}).build(); }/*** get请求，这里没加线程控制，如果有需要可以加一下*/public static ResponseBody get(String url) {Request request = new Request.Builder().url(getAbsoluteUrl(url)).build(); Response response = null; try {response = client.newCall(request).execute(); responseBody= dealResponse(response.body().string()); } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace(); }return responseBody; }/*** post请求，参数是通过map键值对形式传递过来的*/public staticResponseBodypost(String url, Map value) {FormBody formBody=dealFormBody(value); Request request = new Request.Builder().url(getAbsoluteUrl(url)).post(formBody).build(); Response response; try {response = client.newCall(request).execute(); responseBody= dealResponse(response.body().string()); } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace(); }return responseBody; }/**将请求返回结果封装到ResponseBody */public static ResponseBody dealResponse(String result){ResponseBody responseBody=new ResponseBody(); JSONObject json = JSONObject.parseObject(result); responseBody.setCode(json.get("code")+""); responseBody.setResult(json.get("data")); return responseBody; }/*处理请求参数*/public static FormBody dealFormBody(Map maps){FormBody.Builder builder = new FormBody.Builder(); Set keySet=maps.keySet(); for(Iterator iterator = keySet.iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ){String key=iterator.next(); builder.add(key, maps.get(key)+""); }return builder.build(); }/*将url拼接起来，封装成完整url*/private static String getAbsoluteUrl(String relativeUrl) {return BASE_URL + relativeUrl; }}

6.定义好之后，测试访问
我在MainActivity中添加按钮进行的测试，具体界面就不一一介绍了，测试代码如下：

import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import okhttp3.OkHttpClient; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {private OkHttpClient okHttpClient; @Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); Button login= findViewById(R.id.login); //为界面上的按钮设置监听事件，点击就会调用下面的test方法login.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View view) {test(); }}); }/**/public void test(){new Thread(()-> {String url="user/info/getUser"; Map maps=new HashMap<>(); //将请求参数添加到map中maps.put("username","zhangsan"); maps.put("password","123456"); ResponseBody result=OkHttpUtils.post(url,maps); //传url参数和mapSystem.out.println(result.getCode()); User user= dealJsonToObject(result); System.out.println(result.getResult()); System.out.println(user.getPhone()); }).start(); }//处理json到实体类public User dealJsonToObject(ResponseBody result){JSONArray arr= (JSONArray) JSONArray.parse(result.getResult().toString()); JSONObject jsonObject = arr.getJSONObject(0); User user = JSON.toJavaObject(jsonObject,User.class); return user; }}

7.服务器是由java编写