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被动语态的用法归纳_简述被动语态的用法

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被动语态是指动词的发出者成为动作的承受者 。这种语态的主语是动作的承受者，谓语是由“be”和过去分词构成 。被动语态用于强调动作的承受者，也可用于避免指责或掩盖发出动作的人 。被动语态的构成形式为be动词+过去分词，举例：The cake was eaten by the boy. （蛋糕被男孩吃了） 。被动语态的时态与主动语态相同，包括现在时、过去时、将来时等 。被动语态还可以加上“by”短语来表达发出者 。

被动语态的用法归纳_简述被动语态的用法

文章插图
被动语态的用法归纳如下：
构成
（1）助动词＋be+及物动词的过去分词
（2）情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词
现以动词ask为例，将一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态列表如下
肯定式
【被动语态的用法归纳_简述被动语态的用法】否定式
疑问式
一般现在时
I am asked..
He/she is asked...
We/you/they are asked...
I am not asked...
He/She is not asked...
We/you/they are not asked...
Am I asked...?
Is he/she asked...？
Are we/you/they asked...？
一般过去时
I was asked...
He/She was asked ...
We/you/they were asked...
I was not asked...
He/Shewas not asked...
We/you/they were not asked
Was I asked...？
Was he/she asked...?
Were we/you/they asked...?
被动语态常用于陈述事实，一般用在科技文章或新闻报道中 。
口诀
一般现在时、一般过去时用be +及物动词的过去分词，be有人称、时、数变 。
完成时态have（has）done，被动将been加中间 。
一般将来shall（will）do，被动变do为be done 。
将来进行无被动，shall（will）be doing 。
现在完成时，被动 have（has）been done 。
现、过进行be doing，被动be加being done 。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变 。
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前 。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前 。
一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变 。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变 。
第二句“be有人称、时、数变”即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化 。“情助”是指情态动词和助动词“must，may，can，shall，will”等一律随新主语（多是主动句中的宾语）来变化 。“疑问一助置主前”是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前 。下面详细举例说明之：
主动语态变为被动语态例句：
一般现在时：
主：We believe him.
被：He is believed by us.
一般过去时：
主：He bought his children some pens.
被：Some pens were bought for his children by him.
一般将来时：
主：Everyone will know the truth soon .
被：The truth will be known by everyone.
现在进行时：
主：Mary is making a doll.
被：A doll is being made by Mary.
过去进行时：
主：They were carrying the hurt player.
被：The hurt player was being carried by them .
现在完成时：
主：He has received the letter.
被：The letter has been received by him.
过去完成时：
主：They had built ten bridges.
被：Ten bridges had been built by them
一般现在时/过去时
例：
1、主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾 。
2、
主动：People regard him as brilliant.
被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people.
人们都认为他很有才华 。
以上两例都是一般时态用“be done”的事例，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称“foreign friends”是复数，时态一般过去时，所以“be done”就是“were given”，而“People regard him as brilliant”一句，被动后的“be done”就变成第三人称单数“is regarded”的形式了 。

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