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mysql怎么查询优化器 mysql如何优化sql查询( 二 )

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我们加上hint给相同的查询 ， 再次看看查询计划 。
这个时候用到了index_merge,union了三个列 。扫描的行数为1103，cost为441.09，明显比之前的快了好几倍 。
mysql explainformat=json select /*+ index_merge(t1) */ * from t1where rank1 =1 or rank2 = 2 or rank3 = 2\G*************************** 1. row ***************************EXPLAIN: {"query_block": {"select_id": 1,"cost_info": {"query_cost": "441.09"},"table": {"table_name": "t1","access_type": "index_merge","possible_keys": ["idx_rank1","idx_rank2","idx_rank3"],"key": "union(idx_rank1,idx_rank2,idx_rank3)","key_length": "5,5,5","rows_examined_per_scan": 1103,"rows_produced_per_join": 1103,"filtered": "100.00","cost_info": {"read_cost": "330.79","eval_cost": "110.30","prefix_cost": "441.09","data_read_per_join": "473K"},"used_columns": ["id","rank1","rank2","log_time","prefix_uid","desc1","rank3"],"attached_condition": "((`ytt`.`t1`.`rank1` = 1) or (`ytt`.`t1`.`rank2` = 2) or (`ytt`.`t1`.`rank3` = 2))"}}}1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
我们再看下SQL D的计划：
不加HINT，
【mysql怎么查询优化器 mysql如何优化sql查询】mysql explain format=json select * from t1 where rank1 =100 and rank2 =100 and rank3 =100\G*************************** 1. row ***************************EXPLAIN: {"query_block": {"select_id": 1,"cost_info": {"query_cost": "534.34"},"table": {"table_name": "t1","access_type": "ref","possible_keys": ["idx_rank1","idx_rank2","idx_rank3"],"key": "idx_rank1","used_key_parts": ["rank1"],"key_length": "5","ref": ["const"],"rows_examined_per_scan": 555,"rows_produced_per_join": 0,"filtered": "0.07","cost_info": {"read_cost": "478.84","eval_cost": "0.04","prefix_cost": "534.34","data_read_per_join": "176"},"used_columns": ["id","rank1","rank2","log_time","prefix_uid","desc1","rank3"],"attached_condition": "((`ytt`.`t1`.`rank3` = 100) and (`ytt`.`t1`.`rank2` = 100))"}}}1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
加了HINT，
mysql explain format=json select /*+ index_merge(t1)*/ * from t1 where rank1 =100 and rank2 =100 and rank3 =100\G*************************** 1. row ***************************EXPLAIN: {"query_block": {"select_id": 1,"cost_info": {"query_cost": "5.23"},"table": {"table_name": "t1","access_type": "index_merge","possible_keys": ["idx_rank1","idx_rank2","idx_rank3"],"key": "intersect(idx_rank1,idx_rank2,idx_rank3)","key_length": "5,5,5","rows_examined_per_scan": 1,"rows_produced_per_join": 1,"filtered": "100.00","cost_info": {"read_cost": "5.13","eval_cost": "0.10","prefix_cost": "5.23","data_read_per_join": "440"},"used_columns": ["id","rank1","rank2","log_time","prefix_uid","desc1","rank3"],"attached_condition": "((`ytt`.`t1`.`rank3` = 100) and (`ytt`.`t1`.`rank2` = 100) and (`ytt`.`t1`.`rank1` = 100))"}}}1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
对比下以上两个，加了HINT的比不加HINT的cost小了100倍 。
总结下，就是说表的cardinality值影响这张的查询计划，如果这个值没有正常更新的话 ， 就需要手工加HINT了 。相信MySQL未来的版本会带来更多的HINT 。
MYSQL对于数据量很多的多表查询 ， 该怎么优化查询？使用连接（JOIN）来代替子查询（子查询）
选择最合适的字段属性
使用联合（UNION），以取代临时表
使用手动创建使用事务外键索引使用
避免使用会非常优化来优化查询
超详细MySQL数据库优化 数据库优化一方面是找出系统的瓶颈,提高MySQL数据库的整体性能,而另一方面需要合理的结构设计和参数调整,以提高用户的相应速度,同时还要尽可能的节约系统资源,以便让系统提供更大的负荷.
1. 优化一览图
2. 优化
笔者将优化分为了两大类,软优化和硬优化,软优化一般是操作数据库即可,而硬优化则是操作服务器硬件及参数设置.
2.1 软优化
2.1.1 查询语句优化
1.首先我们可以用EXPLAIN或DESCRIBE(简写:DESC)命令分析一条查询语句的执行信息.

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