一年好景君须记,最是橙黄橘绿时。这篇文章主要讲述Android学习总结(十三) ———— ListView 简单用法相关的知识,希望能为你提供帮助。
一、ListView的基本概念在android所有常用的原生控件当中,用法最复杂的应该就是ListView了,它专门用于处理那种内容元素很多,手机屏幕无法展示出所有内容的情况。ListView可以使用列表的形式来展示内容,超出屏幕部分的内容只需要通过手指滑动就可以移动到屏幕内了。即使在ListView中加载非常非常多的数据,比如达到成百上千条甚至更多,ListView都不会发生崩溃,而且随着我们手指滑动来浏览更多数据时,程序所占用的内存竟然都不会跟着增长。
二、示例代码定义一个实体类,作为ListView适配器的适配类型,代码如下所示:
package com.nyl.listviewtest; public class SkinCare { private String name; private String efficacy; //功效 private int icon; //图标public SkinCare(String name, String efficacy, int icon) { this.name = name; this.efficacy = efficacy; this.icon = icon; }public String getName() { return name; }public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }public String getEfficacy() { return efficacy; }public void setEfficacy(String efficacy) { this.efficacy = efficacy; }public int getIcon() { return icon; }public void setIcon(int icon) { this.icon = icon; } }
自定义一个ListView的子项布局,代码如下所示:
< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> < LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="120dp" android:orientation="horizontal"> < ImageView android:id="@+id/ivSkinCare" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> < LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_marginLeft="10dp" android:orientation="vertical" > < TextView android:id="@+id/tvName" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:autoLink="all" android:textSize="15dp"/> < TextView android:id="@+id/tvEfficacy" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> < /LinearLayout> < /LinearLayout>
创建一个自定义的适配器,这个适配器继承自ArrayAdapter,并将泛型指定为SkinCare这个实体类,新建SkinCareAdapter类,代码如下所示:
package com.nyl.listviewtest; import android.content.Context; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.TextView; import java.util.List; /** * Created by Administrator on 2017/3/9 0009. */public class SkinCareAdapter extends ArrayAdapter< SkinCare> {private int resourceId; public SkinCareAdapter(Context context, int resource, List< SkinCare> objects) { super(context, resource, objects); resourceId = resource; }/** * 这个方法在每个子项被滚动到屏幕内的时候调用 */ @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { //通过getItem()方法得到当前SkinCare的实例 SkinCare skinCare = getItem(position); /** * 提高ListView的运行效率,在快速滚动的时候也可以表现出更好的性能 *///使用ViewHolder来优化 ViewHolder viewHolder; //判断convertView 为空 if (convertView == null) { //如果为空使用LayoutInflater去加载布局 convertView = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, null); viewHolder = new ViewHolder(); viewHolder.ivSkinCare = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.ivSkinCare); viewHolder.tvName = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tvName); viewHolder.tvEfficacy = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tvEfficacy); //将ViewHolder存储在View中 convertView.setTag(viewHolder); } else { //如果不为空直接对convertView进行重用 //重新获取ViewHolder viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag(); }/*//使用LayoutInflater来加载传入的布局(这种写法运行效率是很低) View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,null); *//** * 调用View的findViewById()方法来获取布局控件 *//* ivSkinCare = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.ivSkinCare); tvName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tvName); tvEfficacy = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tvEfficacy); //调用setImageResource()方法来设置显示的图片 ivSkinCare.setImageResource(skinCare.getIcon()); //设置护肤品的名字 tvName.setText(skinCare.getName()); //设置护肤品的功效 tvEfficacy.setText(skinCare.getEfficacy()); */viewHolder.ivSkinCare.setImageResource(skinCare.getIcon()); viewHolder.tvName.setText(skinCare.getName()); viewHolder.tvEfficacy.setText(skinCare.getEfficacy()); //将布局返回 return convertView; } static class ViewHolder { ImageView ivSkinCare; TextView tvEfficacy; //护肤品的功效 TextView tvName; //护肤品名 }}
代码注释得很详细,不过多解释,接下编写MainActivity,代码如下所示:
package com.nyl.listviewtest; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.Toast; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class MainActivity extends Activity implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener {private List< SkinCare> skinCare = new ArrayList< > (); private SkinCareAdapter skinCareAdapter; private ListView lv; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); initSkinCare(); //初始化所有的护肤品数据 skinCareAdapter = new SkinCareAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.skin_care,skinCare); //初始化布局控件 lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv); lv.setAdapter(skinCareAdapter); //设置setOnItemClickListener()方法来为ListView注册一个监听器 lv.setOnItemClickListener(this); }/** * 当用户点击了ListView中任何一个子项时,就会回调onItemClick()方法,在这个方法中可以通过i参数判断出用户点击的哪一个 * 子项,然后获取到相应的护肤品,通过Toast将护肤品的名字显示出来。 */ @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView< ?> adapterView, View view, int i, long l) { SkinCare sc = skinCare.get(i); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,sc.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }/** * 构造函数中将护肤品的名字,功效和对应的图片id传入,然后把创建好的对象添加到护肤品列表中 */ private void initSkinCare() { SkinCare cleansingMilk = new SkinCare("洗面奶","基础清洁",R.mipmap.skin_care); skinCare.add(cleansingMilk); SkinCare toner = new SkinCare("爽肤水","二次清洁,深层补水",R.mipmap.skin_care); skinCare.add(toner); SkinCare essence = new SkinCare("精华液","集中解决肌肤某个问题,由内而外修复肌肤",R.mipmap.skin_care); skinCare.add(essence); SkinCare eyeCream = new SkinCare("眼霜","舒缓眼部疲劳,改善眼部肤色",R.mipmap.skin_care); skinCare.add(eyeCream); SkinCare latex= new SkinCare("乳液","给皮肤补充充足的营养,激活肌肤细胞,形成胶原蛋白",R.mipmap.skin_care); skinCare.add(latex ); SkinCare faceCream= new SkinCare("面霜","不断给肌肤补充充足的水分和养分,使肌肤保持润泽状态",R.mipmap.skin_care); skinCare.add(faceCream ); SkinCare mask= new SkinCare("面膜","清透毛孔,清楚表皮污垢,黑头,死细胞",R.mipmap.skin_care); skinCare.add(mask ); SkinCare sunScreen= new SkinCare("隔离霜","全面隔离紫外线、灰尘、尼古丁、电脑辐射等有害物质对皮肤造成伤害",R.mipmap.skin_care); skinCare.add(sunScreen ); /** * 第二种写法 */ /*LinkedList< SkinCare> data = https://www.songbingjia.com/android/new LinkedList< > (); data.add(new SkinCare("洗面奶","基础清洁",R.mipmap.skin_care)); */ }}
运行程序,并点击一下精华液,效果如下:
文章图片
【Android学习总结(十三) ———— ListView 简单用法】简单的ListView知识就学到这里,更多的知识点下节继续!
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