网络安全的目的是保护信息不被窃取, 破坏或攻击。网络安全至少可以通过以下三个目标之一来衡量：
- 保护数据的机密性。
- 保留数据的完整性。
- 促进授权用户的数据可用性。 【网络安全目标】These goals form the confidentiality, integrity, availability (CIA) triad, the basis of all security programs. The CIA triad is a security model that is designed to guide policies for information security within the premises of an organization or company. This model is also referred to as the AIC (Availability, Integrity, and Confidentiality) triad to avoid the confusion with the Central Intelligence Agency. The elements of the triad are considered the three most crucial components of security.
- 该人拥有的东西（例如智能卡或用于存储秘密密钥的无线电钥匙）,
- 该人知道的一些信息（例如密码）,
- 人是什么东西（例如有指纹的人）。
- 实物保护
- 计算冗余
The CIA criteria are one that most of the organizations and companies use when they have installed a new application, creates a database or when guaranteeing access to some data. For data to be completely secure, all of these security goals must come into effect. These are security policies that all work together, and therefore it can be wrong to overlook one policy.
The CIA triad are-
Tools for Confidentiality
Encryption is a method of transforming information to make it unreadable for unauthorized users by using an algorithm. The transformation of data uses a secret key (an encryption key) so that the transformed data can only be read by using another secret key (decryption key). It protects sensitive data such as credit card numbers by encoding and transforming data into unreadable cipher text. This encrypted data can only be read by decrypting it. Asymmetric-key and symmetric-key are the two primary types of encryption.
Access control
Access control defines rules and policies for limiting access to a system or to physical or virtual resources. It is a process by which users are granted access and certain privileges to systems, resources or information. In access control systems, users need to present credentials before they can be granted access such as a person’ s name or a computer’ s serial number. In physical systems, these credentials may come in many forms, but credentials that can’ t be transferred provide the most security.
Authentication
An authentication is a process that ensures and confirms a user’ s identity or role that someone has. It can be done in a number of different ways, but it is usually based on a combination of-
Authorization
Authorization is a security mechanism which gives permission to do or have something. It is used to determine a person or system is allowed access to resources, based on an access control policy, including computer programs, files, services, data and application features. It is normally preceded by authentication for user identity verification. System administrators are typically assigned permission levels covering all system and user resources. During authorization, a system verifies an authenticated user’ s access rules and either grants or refuses resource access.
Physical Security
Physical security describes measures designed to deny the unauthorized access of IT assets like facilities, equipment, personnel, resources and other properties from damage. It protects these assets from physical threats including theft, vandalism, fire and natural disasters.
2. Integrity Integrity refers to the methods for ensuring that data is real, accurate and safeguarded from unauthorized user modification. It is the property that information has not be altered in an unauthorized way, and that source of the information is genuine.
Tools for Integrity
Backup is the periodic archiving of data. It is a process of making copies of data or data files to use in the event when the original data or data files are lost or destroyed. It is also used to make copies for historical purposes, such as for longitudinal studies, statistics or for historical records or to meet the requirements of a data retention policy. Many applications especially in a Windows environment, produce backup files using the .BAK file extension.
Checksums
A checksum is a numerical value used to verify the integrity of a file or a data transfer. In other words, it is the computation of a function that maps the contents of a file to a numerical value. They are typically used to compare two sets of data to make sure that they are the same. A checksum function depends on the entire contents of a file. It is designed in a way that even a small change to the input file (such as flipping a single bit) likely to results in different output value.
Data Correcting Codes
It is a method for storing data in such a way that small changes can be easily detected and automatically corrected.
3. Availability Availability is the property in which information is accessible and modifiable in a timely fashion by those authorized to do so. It is the guarantee of reliable and constant access to our sensitive data by authorized people.
Tools for Availability
Physical safeguard means to keep information available even in the event of physical challenges. It ensure sensitive information and critical information technology are housed in secure areas.
Computational redundancies
It is applied as fault tolerant against accidental faults. It protects computers and storage devices that serve as fallbacks in the case of failures.
Next Topic Types of Cyber Attacks
← prev next →
