ES6基础语法之Map和Set对象

一、Map对象 Map 对象保存键值对。任何值(对象或者原始值) 都可以作为一个键或一个值。
Map中的键值是有序的。

let myMap = new Map(); myMap.set("23","乔丹"); myMap.set("33","皮蓬"); let name = myMap.get("33"); console.log(name); //皮蓬let has = myMap.has("24"); //查找是否含有此键console.log(has); //false

Map的迭代:
let myMap = new Map(); myMap.set("23","乔丹"); myMap.set("33","皮蓬"); myMap.set("99","罗德曼"); //循环键for (let key of myMap.keys()) {console.log(key); }//循环值for (let value of myMap.values()) {console.log(value); }//循环键和值for (let [key, value] of myMap) {console.log(key + " = " + value); }//或for (let [key, value] of myMap.entries()) {console.log(key + " = " + value); }//使用forEach循环myMap.forEach(function(value,key){ console.log(key + "=" + value); },myMap);

Map 与 Array的转换:
//二维数组转换成map对象let arr = [[23,"乔丹"],[33,"皮蓬"],[99,"罗德曼"]]; let myMap = new Map(arr); for (let [key, value] of myMap) {console.log(key + " = " + value); }//map对象转换成二维数组let outArr = Array.from(myMap); console.log(outArr);

Map的克隆:
let myMap1 = new Map([[23,"乔丹"],[33,"皮蓬"],[99,"罗德曼"]]); let myMap2 = new Map(myMap1); for (let [key, value] of myMap2) {console.log(key + " = " + value); }

Map的合并(合并两个 Map 对象时,如果有重复的键值,则后面的会覆盖前面的)
let myMap1 = new Map([[23,"乔丹"],[33,"皮蓬"],[99,"罗德曼"]]); let myMap2 = new Map([[23,"詹姆斯"],[24,"科比"],[11,"姚明"]]); let myMap = new Map([...myMap1,...myMap2]); //合并之后詹姆斯会替换乔丹for (let [key, value] of myMap) { console.log(key + " = " + value); }

二、Set对象 Set 对象允许你存储任何类型的唯一值,无论是原始值或者是对象引用。
Set 对象存储的值总是唯一的,所以需要判断两个值是否恒等。有几个特殊值需要特殊对待:
(1) +0 与 -0 在存储判断唯一性的时候是恒等的,所以不重复;
(2) undefined 与 undefined 是恒等的,所以不重复;
(3) NaN 与 NaN 是不恒等的,但是在 Set 中只能存一个,不重复。
let mySet = new Set(); mySet.add(1); mySet.add("hello"); //这里体现了类型的多样性mySet.add(2); mySet.add(1); //这里添加不了,这里体现了值的唯一性console.log(mySet); //{1,"hello",2}console.log(mySet.has(3)); //false, 是否含有3

以下代码体现了对象之间引用不同不恒等,即使值相同,Set 也能存储
let mySet = new Set(); let o = {a: 1, b: 2}; mySet.add(o); mySet.add({a: 1, b: 2}); console.log(mySet);

Set类型转换:
//Array 转 Setlet arr = ["乔丹","皮蓬","罗德曼"]; let mySet = new Set(arr); console.log(mySet); //Set转Array(使用...)let mySet = new Set(); mySet.add("乔丹"); mySet.add("皮蓬"); mySet.add("罗德曼"); let arr = [...mySet]; console.log(arr); //字符串转Set(注:Set中toString方法是不能将Set转换成String)let mySet = new Set("hello"); console.log(mySet); //h e l o (两个l只出现一次)

Set对象的作用:
//数组去重复let mySet = new Set([1,2,1,2,3,3,4,5,6,4,7]); let arr = [...mySet]; console.log(arr); //1,2,3,4,5,6,7//数组求并集let a = new Set([1, 2, 3]); let b = new Set([4, 3, 2]); let union = new Set([...a, ...b]); let arr = [...union]; console.log(arr); //1, 2, 3, 4//数组求交集let a = new Set([1, 2, 3]); let b = new Set([4, 3, 2]); let intersect = new Set([...a].filter(p=>b.has(p))); let arr = [...intersect]; console.log(arr); //2, 3

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