App启动流程

壮心未与年俱老,死去犹能作鬼雄。这篇文章主要讲述App启动流程相关的知识,希望能为你提供帮助。
目录介绍

  • 1.什么是Zygote进程
    • 1.1 简单介绍
    • 1.2 各个进程的先后顺序
    • 1.3 进程作用说明
  • 2.Zygote进程的启动流程
    • 2.1 源码位置
    • 2.2 ZygoteInit类的main方法
    • 2.3 registerZygoteSocket(socketName)分析
    • 2.4 preLoad()方法分析
    • 2.5 startSystemServer()启动进程
  • 3.SystemServer进程启动流程
    • 3.1 SystemServer进程简介
    • 3.2 SystemServer的main方法
    • 3.3 查看run方法
    • 3.4 run方法中createSystemContext()解析
    • 3.5 mSystemServiceManager的创建
  • 4.启动服务
    • 4.1 启动哪些服务
    • 4.2 启动服务流程源码分析
    • 4.3 启动部分服务
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1.什么是Zygote进程
1.1 简单介绍
  • Zygote进程是所有的android进程的父进程,包括SystemServer和各种应用进程都是通过Zygote进程fork出来的。Zygote(孵化)进程相当于是android系统的根进程,后面所有的进程都是通过这个进程fork出来的
  • 虽然Zygote进程相当于Android系统的根进程,但是事实上它也是由Linux系统的init进程启动的。
1.2 各个进程的先后顺序
  • init进程 --> Zygote进程 --> SystemServer进程 --> 各种应用进程
1.3 进程作用说明
  • init进程:linux的根进程,android系统是基于linux系统的,因此可以算作是整个android操作系统的第一个进程;
  • Zygote进程:android系统的根进程,主要作用:可以作用Zygote进程fork出SystemServer进程和各种应用进程;
  • SystemService进程:主要是在这个进程中启动系统的各项服务,比如ActivityManagerService,PackageManagerService,WindowManagerService服务等等;
  • 各种应用进程:启动自己编写的客户端应用时,一般都是重新启动一个应用进程,有自己的虚拟机与运行环境;
2.Zygote进程的启动流程
2.1 源码位置
  • 位置:frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
  • Zygote进程mian方法主要执行逻辑:
    • 初始化DDMS;
    • 注册Zygote进程的socket通讯;
    • 初始化Zygote中的各种类,资源文件,OpenGL,类库,Text资源等等;
    • 初始化完成之后fork出SystemServer进程;
    • fork出SystemServer进程之后,关闭socket连接;
2.2 ZygoteInit类的main方法
  • init进程在启动Zygote进程时一般都会调用ZygoteInit类的main方法,因此这里看一下该方法的具体实现(基于android23源码);
    • 调用enableDdms(),设置DDMS可用,可以发现DDMS启动的时机还是比较早的,在整个Zygote进程刚刚开始要启动额时候就设置可用。
    • 之后初始化各种参数
    • 通过调用registerZygoteSocket方法,注册为Zygote进程注册Socket
    • 然后调用preload方法实现预加载各种资源
    • 然后通过调用startSystemServer开启SystemServer服务,这个是重点
      public static void main(String argv[]) { try { //设置ddms可以用 RuntimeInit.enableDdms(); SamplingProfilerIntegration.start(); boolean startSystemServer = false; String socketName = "zygote"; String abiList = null; for (int i = 1; i < argv.length; i++) { if ("start-system-server".equals(argv[i])) { startSystemServer = true; } else if (argv[i].startsWith(ABI_LIST_ARG)) { abiList = argv[i].substring(ABI_LIST_ARG.length()); } else if (argv[i].startsWith(SOCKET_NAME_ARG)) { socketName = argv[i].substring(SOCKET_NAME_ARG.length()); } else { throw new RuntimeException("Unknown command line argument: " + argv[i]); } }if (abiList == null) { throw new RuntimeException("No ABI list supplied."); }registerZygoteSocket(socketName); EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_START, SystemClock.uptimeMillis()); preload(); EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_END, SystemClock.uptimeMillis()); SamplingProfilerIntegration.writeZygoteSnapshot(); gcAndFinalize(); Trace.setTracingEnabled(false); if (startSystemServer) { startSystemServer(abiList, socketName); }Log.i(TAG, "Accepting command socket connections"); runSelectLoop(abiList); closeServerSocket(); } catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) { caller.run(); } catch (RuntimeException ex) { Log.e(TAG, "Zygote died with exception", ex); closeServerSocket(); throw ex; } }

2.3 registerZygoteSocket(socketName)分析
  • 调用registerZygoteSocket(String socketName)为Zygote进程注册socket
    private static void registerZygoteSocket(String socketName) { if (sServerSocket == null) { int fileDesc; final String fullSocketName = ANDROID_SOCKET_PREFIX + socketName; try { String env = System.getenv(fullSocketName); fileDesc = Integer.parseInt(env); } catch (RuntimeException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(fullSocketName + " unset or invalid", ex); }try { FileDescriptor fd = new FileDescriptor(); fd.setInt$(fileDesc); sServerSocket = new LocalServerSocket(fd); } catch (IOException ex) { throw new RuntimeException( "Error binding to local socket ‘" + fileDesc + "‘", ex); } } }

2.4 preLoad()方法分析
  • 源码如下所示
    static void preload() { Log.d(TAG, "begin preload"); preloadClasses(); preloadResources(); preloadOpenGL(); preloadSharedLibraries(); preloadTextResources(); // Ask the WebViewFactory to do any initialization that must run in the zygote process, // for memory sharing purposes. WebViewFactory.prepareWebViewInZygote(); Log.d(TAG, "end preload"); }

  • 大概操作是这样的:
    • preloadClasses()用于初始化Zygote中需要的class类;
    • preloadResources()用于初始化系统资源;
    • preloadOpenGL()用于初始化OpenGL;
    • preloadSharedLibraries()用于初始化系统libraries;
    • preloadTextResources()用于初始化文字资源;
    • prepareWebViewInZygote()用于初始化webview;
2.5 startSystemServer()启动进程
  • 这段逻辑的执行逻辑就是通过Zygote fork出SystemServer进程
    private static boolean startSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName) throws MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException { long capabilities = posixCapabilitiesAsBits( OsConstants.CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND, OsConstants.CAP_KILL, OsConstants.CAP_NET_ADMIN, OsConstants.CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, OsConstants.CAP_NET_BROADCAST, OsConstants.CAP_NET_RAW, OsConstants.CAP_SYS_MODULE, OsConstants.CAP_SYS_NICE, OsConstants.CAP_SYS_RESOURCE, OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TIME, OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG ); /* Hardcoded command line to start the system server */ String args[] = { "--setuid=1000", "--setgid=1000", "--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1021,1032,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007", "--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities, "--nice-name=system_server", "--runtime-args", "com.android.server.SystemServer", }; ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null; int pid; try { parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args); ZygoteConnection.applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs); ZygoteConnection.applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs); /* Request to fork the system server process */ pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer( parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid, parsedArgs.gids, parsedArgs.debugFlags, null, parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities, parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities); } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); }/* For child process */ if (pid == 0) { if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) { waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName); }handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs); }return true; }

3.SystemServer进程启动流程
3.1 SystemServer进程简介
  • SystemServer进程主要的作用是在这个进程中启动各种系统服务,比如ActivityManagerService,PackageManagerService,WindowManagerService服务,以及各种系统性的服务其实都是在SystemServer进程中启动的,而当我们的应用需要使用各种系统服务的时候其实也是通过与SystemServer进程通讯获取各种服务对象的句柄的。
3.2 SystemServer的main方法
  • 如下所示,比较简单,只是new出一个SystemServer对象并执行其run方法,查看SystemServer类的定义我们知道其实final类型的,所以我们一般不能重写或者继承。
  • App启动流程

    文章图片
3.3 查看run方法
  • 代码如下所示
    • 首先判断系统当前时间,若当前时间小于1970年1月1日,则一些初始化操作可能会处所,所以当系统的当前时间小于1970年1月1日的时候,设置系统当前时间为该时间点。
    • 然后是设置系统的语言环境等
    • 接着设置虚拟机运行内存,加载运行库,设置SystemServer的异步消息
      private void run() { if (System.currentTimeMillis() < EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME) { Slog.w(TAG, "System clock is before 1970; setting to 1970."); SystemClock.setCurrentTimeMillis(EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME); }if (!SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.language").isEmpty()) { final String languageTag = Locale.getDefault().toLanguageTag(); SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.locale", languageTag); SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.language", ""); SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.country", ""); SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.localevar", ""); }Slog.i(TAG, "Entered the Android system server!"); EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_SYSTEM_RUN, SystemClock.uptimeMillis()); SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.dalvik.vm.lib.2", VMRuntime.getRuntime().vmLibrary()); if (SamplingProfilerIntegration.isEnabled()) { SamplingProfilerIntegration.start(); mProfilerSnapshotTimer = new Timer(); mProfilerSnapshotTimer.schedule(new TimerTask() { @Override public void run() { SamplingProfilerIntegration.writeSnapshot("system_server", null); } }, SNAPSHOT_INTERVAL, SNAPSHOT_INTERVAL); }// Mmmmmm... more memory! VMRuntime.getRuntime().clearGrowthLimit(); // The system server has to run all of the time, so it needs to be // as efficient as possible with its memory usage. VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.8f); // Some devices rely on runtime fingerprint generation, so make sure // we‘ve defined it before booting further. Build.ensureFingerprintProperty(); // Within the system server, it is an error to access Environment paths without // explicitly specifying a user. Environment.setUserRequired(true); // Ensure binder calls into the system always run at foreground priority. BinderInternal.disableBackgroundScheduling(true); // Prepare the main looper thread (this thread). android.os.Process.setThreadPriority( android.os.Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND); android.os.Process.setCanSelfBackground(false); Looper.prepareMainLooper(); // Initialize native services. System.loadLibrary("android_servers"); // Check whether we failed to shut down last time we tried. // This call may not return. performPendingShutdown(); // Initialize the system context. createSystemContext(); // Create the system service manager. mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext); LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager); // Start services. try { startBootstrapServices(); startCoreServices(); startOtherServices(); } catch (Throwable ex) { Slog.e("System", "******************************************"); Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex); throw ex; }// For debug builds, log event loop stalls to dropbox for analysis. if (StrictMode.conditionallyEnableDebugLogging()) { Slog.i(TAG, "Enabled StrictMode for system server main thread."); }// Loop forever. Looper.loop(); throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited"); }

  • 然后下面的代码是:
    // Initialize the system context. createSystemContext(); // Create the system service manager. mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext); LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager); // Start services. try { startBootstrapServices(); startCoreServices(); startOtherServices(); } catch (Throwable ex) { Slog.e("System", "******************************************"); Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex); throw ex; }

3.4 run方法中createSystemContext()解析
  • 调用createSystemContext()方法:
    • 可以看到在SystemServer进程中也存在着Context对象,并且是通过ActivityThread.systemMain方法创建context的,这一部分的逻辑以后会通过介绍Activity的启动流程来介绍,这里就不在扩展,只知道在SystemServer进程中也需要创建Context对象。
      private void createSystemContext() { ActivityThread activityThread = ActivityThread.systemMain(); mSystemContext = activityThread.getSystemContext(); mSystemContext.setTheme(android.R.style.Theme_DeviceDefault_Light_DarkActionBar); }

3.5 mSystemServiceManager的创建
  • 看run方法中,通过SystemServiceManager的构造方法创建了一个新的SystemServiceManager对象,我们知道SystemServer进程主要是用来构建系统各种service服务的,而SystemServiceManager就是这些服务的管理对象。
  • 然后调用:
    • 将SystemServiceManager对象保存SystemServer进程中的一个数据结构中。
      LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);

  • 最后开始执行:
    // Start services. try { startBootstrapServices(); startCoreServices(); startOtherServices(); } catch (Throwable ex) { Slog.e("System", "******************************************"); Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex); throw ex; }

    • 里面主要涉及了是三个方法:
      • startBootstrapServices() 主要用于启动系统Boot级服务
      • startCoreServices() 主要用于启动系统核心的服务
      • startOtherServices() 主要用于启动一些非紧要或者是非需要及时启动的服务
4.启动服务
4.1 启动哪些服务
  • 在开始执行启动服务之前总是会先尝试通过socket方式连接Zygote进程,在成功连接之后才会开始启动其他服务。
  • App启动流程

    文章图片
4.2 启动服务流程源码分析
  • 首先看一下startBootstrapServices方法:
    private void startBootstrapServices() { Installer installer = mSystemServiceManager.startService(Installer.class); mActivityManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService( ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService(); mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager); mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer); mPowerManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(PowerManagerService.class); mActivityManagerService.initPowerManagement(); // Manages LEDs and display backlight so we need it to bring up the display. mSystemServiceManager.startService(LightsService.class); // Display manager is needed to provide display metrics before package manager // starts up. mDisplayManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(DisplayManagerService.class); // We need the default display before we can initialize the package manager. mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_WAIT_FOR_DEFAULT_DISPLAY); // Only run "core" apps if we‘re encrypting the device. String cryptState = SystemProperties.get("vold.decrypt"); if (ENCRYPTING_STATE.equals(cryptState)) { Slog.w(TAG, "Detected encryption in progress - only parsing core apps"); mOnlyCore = true; } else if (ENCRYPTED_STATE.equals(cryptState)) { Slog.w(TAG, "Device encrypted - only parsing core apps"); mOnlyCore = true; }// Start the package manager. Slog.i(TAG, "Package Manager"); mPackageManagerService = PackageManagerService.main(mSystemContext, installer, mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF, mOnlyCore); mFirstBoot = mPackageManagerService.isFirstBoot(); mPackageManager = mSystemContext.getPackageManager(); Slog.i(TAG, "User Service"); ServiceManager.addService(Context.USER_SERVICE, UserManagerService.getInstance()); // Initialize attribute cache used to cache resources from packages. AttributeCache.init(mSystemContext); // Set up the Application instance for the system process and get started. mActivityManagerService.setSystemProcess(); // The sensor service needs access to package manager service, app ops // service, and permissions service, therefore we start it after them. startSensorService(); }

  • 先执行:
    Installer installer = mSystemServiceManager.startService(Installer.class);

  • mSystemServiceManager是系统服务管理对象,在main方法中已经创建完成,这里我们看一下其startService方法的具体实现:
    • 可以看到通过反射器构造方法创建出服务类,然后添加到SystemServiceManager的服务列表数据中,最后调用了service.onStart()方法,因为传递的是Installer.class
      public < T extends SystemService> T startService(Class< T> serviceClass) { final String name = serviceClass.getName(); Slog.i(TAG, "Starting " + name); // Create the service. if (!SystemService.class.isAssignableFrom(serviceClass)) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create " + name + ": service must extend " + SystemService.class.getName()); } final T service; try { Constructor< T> constructor = serviceClass.getConstructor(Context.class); service = constructor.newInstance(mContext); } catch (InstantiationException ex) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name + ": service could not be instantiated", ex); } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name + ": service must have a public constructor with a Context argument", ex); } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name + ": service must have a public constructor with a Context argument", ex); } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name + ": service constructor threw an exception", ex); }// Register it. mServices.add(service); // Start it. try { service.onStart(); } catch (RuntimeException ex) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed to start service " + name + ": onStart threw an exception", ex); } return service; }

  • 看一下Installer的onStart方法:
    • 很简单就是执行了mInstaller的waitForConnection方法,这里简单介绍一下Installer类,该类是系统安装apk时的一个服务类,继承SystemService(系统服务的一个抽象接口),需要在启动完成Installer服务之后才能启动其他的系统服务。
      @Override public void onStart() { Slog.i(TAG, "Waiting for installd to be ready."); mInstaller.waitForConnection(); }

  • 然后查看waitForConnection()方法:
    • 通过追踪代码可以发现,其在不断的通过ping命令连接Zygote进程(SystemServer和Zygote进程通过socket方式通讯,其他进程通过Binder方式通讯)
      public void waitForConnection() { for (; ; ) { if (execute("ping") > = 0) { return; } Slog.w(TAG, "installd not ready"); SystemClock.sleep(1000); } }

  • 继续看startBootstrapServices方法:
    • 这段代码主要是用于启动ActivityManagerService服务,并为其设置SysServiceManager和Installer。ActivityManagerService是系统中一个非常重要的服务,Activity,service,Broadcast,contentProvider都需要通过其余系统交互。
      // Activity manager runs the show. mActivityManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService( ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService(); mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager); mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);

  • 首先看一下Lifecycle类的定义:
    • 可以看到其实ActivityManagerService的一个静态内部类,在其构造方法中会创建一个ActivityManagerService,通过刚刚对Installer服务的分析我们知道,SystemServiceManager的startService方法会调用服务的onStart()方法,而在Lifecycle类的定义中我们看到其onStart()方法直接调用了mService.start()方法,mService是Lifecycle类中对ActivityManagerService的引用
      public static final class Lifecycle extends SystemService { private final ActivityManagerService mService; public Lifecycle(Context context) { super(context); mService = new ActivityManagerService(context); }@Override public void onStart() { mService.start(); }public ActivityManagerService getService() { return mService; } }

4.3 启动部分服务
  • 启动PowerManagerService服务:
    • 启动方式跟上面的ActivityManagerService服务相似都会调用其构造方法和onStart方法,PowerManagerService主要用于计算系统中和Power相关的计算,然后决策系统应该如何反应。同时协调Power如何与系统其它模块的交互,比如没有用户活动时,屏幕变暗等等。
      mPowerManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(PowerManagerService.class);

    • 然后是启动LightsService服务
      • 主要是手机中关于闪光灯,LED等相关的服务;也是会调用LightsService的构造方法和onStart方法;
        mSystemServiceManager.startService(LightsService.class);

    • 然后是启动DisplayManagerService服务
      • 主要是手机显示方面的服务
        mDisplayManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(DisplayManagerService.class);

  • 然后是启动PackageManagerService,该服务也是android系统中一个比较重要的服务
    • 包括多apk文件的安装,解析,删除,卸载等等操作。
    • 可以看到PackageManagerService服务的启动方式与其他服务的启动方式有一些区别,直接调用了PackageManagerService的静态main方法
      Slog.i(TAG, "Package Manager"); mPackageManagerService = PackageManagerService.main(mSystemContext, installer, mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF, mOnlyCore); mFirstBoot = mPackageManagerService.isFirstBoot(); mPackageManager = mSystemContext.getPackageManager();

    • 看一下其main方法的具体实现:
      • 可以看到也是直接使用new的方式创建了一个PackageManagerService对象,并在其构造方法中初始化相关变量,最后调用了ServiceManager.addService方法,主要是通过Binder机制与JNI层交互
        public static PackageManagerService main(Context context, Installer installer, boolean factoryTest, boolean onlyCore) { PackageManagerService m = new PackageManagerService(context, installer, factoryTest, onlyCore); ServiceManager.addService("package", m); return m; }

  • 然后查看startCoreServices方法:
    • 【App启动流程】可以看到这里启动了BatteryService(电池相关服务),UsageStatsService,WebViewUpdateService服务等。
      private void startCoreServices() { // Tracks the battery level.Requires LightService. mSystemServiceManager.startService(BatteryService.class); // Tracks application usage stats. mSystemServiceManager.startService(UsageStatsService.class); mActivityManagerService.setUsageStatsManager( LocalServices.getService(UsageStatsManagerInternal.class)); // Update after UsageStatsService is available, needed before performBootDexOpt. mPackageManagerService.getUsageStatsIfNoPackageUsageInfo(); // Tracks whether the updatable WebView is in a ready state and watches for update installs. mSystemServiceManager.startService(WebViewUpdateService.class); }

总结:
  • SystemServer进程是android中一个很重要的进程由Zygote进程启动;
  • SystemServer进程主要用于启动系统中的服务;
  • SystemServer进程启动服务的启动函数为main函数;
  • SystemServer在执行过程中首先会初始化一些系统变量,加载类库,创建Context对象,创建SystemServiceManager对象等之后才开始启动系统服务;
  • SystemServer进程将系统服务分为三类:boot服务,core服务和other服务,并逐步启动
  • SertemServer进程在尝试启动服务之前会首先尝试与Zygote建立socket通讯,只有通讯成功之后才会开始尝试启动服务;
  • 创建的系统服务过程中主要通过SystemServiceManager对象来管理,通过调用服务对象的构造方法和onStart方法初始化服务的相关变量;
  • 服务对象都有自己的异步消息对象,并运行在单独的线程中;
参考博客
  • https://www.jianshu.com/p/064136533445
  • http://blog.csdn.net/qq_23547831/article/details/51104873
  • http://www.xuebuyuan.com/2178651.html
  • https://www.jianshu.com/p/e69d22ec0582
  • http://blog.csdn.net/luoshengyang/article/details/6768304
  • http://blog.csdn.net/ericming200409/article/details/45566153
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  • csdn:http://my.csdn.net/m0_37700275
  • 喜马拉雅听书:http://www.ximalaya.com/zhubo/71989305/
  • 开源中国:https://my.oschina.net/zbj1618/blog
  • 泡在网上的日子:http://www.jcodecraeer.com/member/content_list.php?channelid=1
  • 邮箱:[email  protected]
  • 阿里云博客:https://yq.aliyun.com/users/article?spm=5176.100- 239.headeruserinfo.3.dT4bcV
  • segmentfault头条:https://segmentfault.com/u/xiangjianyu/articles

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