在PHP中正确创建URL标记(包括UTF-8的音译) _UTF

本文概述

用PHP实现
支持UTF-8字符
短塞功能

除了改善你的文章的SEO之外, 使用Slug(语义URL)的目的还在于防止用户在创建文章时使用URL不允许的特殊字符来合理使用目标用法的含义取决于上下文。
在本文中, 你将学习如何在PHP中正确处理字符串, 包括(或不支持)回历和特殊拉丁字符。
用PHP实现以下函数提供了一种将文本转换为有效段的简单方法：

< ?php/** * Return the slug of a string to be used in a URL. * * @return String */function slugify($text){// replace non letter or digits by -$text = preg_replace('~[^\pL\d]+~u', '-', $text); // transliterate$text = iconv('utf-8', 'us-ascii//TRANSLIT', $text); // remove unwanted characters$text = preg_replace('~[^-\w]+~', '', $text); // trim$text = trim($text, '-'); // remove duplicated - symbols$text = preg_replace('~-+~', '-', $text); // lowercase$text = strtolower($text); if (empty($text)) {return 'n-a'; }return $text; }$url = slugify('Hello world, this is the name of my article'); // hello-world-this-is-the-name-of-my-article

请注意, 任何特殊字符都将替换为-符号, 如果要将它们转换为等效字符(ü到U), 请继续阅读。
支持UTF-8字符如果你没有遇到这个问题, 你可能会问自己, 为什么以前的函数不能对所有字符串都起作用？答案很简单, URL上不支持的那些无法识别的字符(大多数为西里尔字母)将被替换为-符号。
为了理解这种行为, 我将向你展示以下示例：

echo slugify('Cómo hablar en sílabas'); // Outputs : cmo-hablar-en-slabas// It would be better for SEO if the URL is instead:// como-hablar-en-silabas

有什么比将这些无法识别的字符转换为普通编码字符以创建” 普通” URL的子弹功能更好的呢？这就是以下功能的重点。
由Sean Murphy编写的以下代码片段将支持拉丁语, 希腊语, 乌克兰语, 波兰语等与正常字符等效的字符。该摘要已发布在Github中的原始Gist中。
注意：如果你不想为此使用如此大的功能, 则可以在本文末尾查看单行解决方案Providen, 该解决方案也支持UTF-8(以最不知名的字符为准)。
随意从$ char_map数组中删除那些在你所在国家/地区可能不会使用的字符, 并使代码更短。

< ?php/** * Create a web friendly URL slug from a string. * * Although supported, transliteration is discouraged because *1) most web browsers support UTF-8 characters in URLs *2) transliteration causes a loss of information * * @author Sean Murphy < sean@iamseanmurphy.com> * @copyright Copyright 2012 Sean Murphy. All rights reserved. * @license http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ * * @param string $str * @param array $options * @return string */function url_slug($str, $options = array()) { // Make sure string is in UTF-8 and strip invalid UTF-8 characters $str = mb_convert_encoding((string)$str, 'UTF-8', mb_list_encodings()); $defaults = array('delimiter' => '-', 'limit' => null, 'lowercase' => true, 'replacements' => array(), 'transliterate' => false, ); // Merge options $options = array_merge($defaults, $options); $char_map = array(// Latin'à' => 'A', 'á' => 'A', '?' => 'A', '?' => 'A', '?' => 'A', '?' => 'A', '?' => 'AE', '?' => 'C', 'è' => 'E', 'é' => 'E', 'ê' => 'E', '?' => 'E', 'ì' => 'I', 'í' => 'I', '?' => 'I', '?' => 'I', 'D' => 'D', '?' => 'N', 'ò' => 'O', 'ó' => 'O', '?' => 'O', '?' => 'O', '?' => 'O', '?' => 'O', '?' => 'O', 'ù' => 'U', 'ú' => 'U', '?' => 'U', 'ü' => 'U', '?' => 'U', 'Y' => 'Y', 'T' => 'TH', '?' => 'ss', 'à' => 'a', 'á' => 'a', 'a' => 'a', '?' => 'a', '?' => 'a', '?' => 'a', '?' => 'ae', '?' => 'c', 'è' => 'e', 'é' => 'e', 'ê' => 'e', '?' => 'e', 'ì' => 'i', 'í' => 'i', '?' => 'i', '?' => 'i', 'e' => 'd', '?' => 'n', 'ò' => 'o', 'ó' => 'o', '?' => 'o', '?' => 'o', '?' => 'o', '?' => 'o', '?' => 'o', 'ù' => 'u', 'ú' => 'u', '?' => 'u', 'ü' => 'u', '?' => 'u', 'y' => 'y', 't' => 'th', '?' => 'y', // Latin symbols'?' => '(c)', // Greek'Α' => 'A', 'Β' => 'B', 'Γ' => 'G', 'Δ' => 'D', 'Ε' => 'E', 'Ζ' => 'Z', 'Η' => 'H', 'Θ' => '8', 'Ι' => 'I', 'Κ' => 'K', 'Λ' => 'L', 'Μ' => 'M', 'Ν' => 'N', 'Ξ' => '3', 'Ο' => 'O', 'Π' => 'P', 'Ρ' => 'R', 'Σ' => 'S', 'Τ' => 'T', 'Υ' => 'Y', 'Φ' => 'F', 'Χ' => 'X', 'Ψ' => 'PS', 'Ω' => 'W', '?' => 'A', '?' => 'E', '?' => 'I', '?' => 'O', '?' => 'Y', '?' => 'H', '?' => 'W', '?' => 'I', '?' => 'Y', 'α' => 'a', 'β' => 'b', 'γ' => 'g', 'δ' => 'd', 'ε' => 'e', 'ζ' => 'z', 'η' => 'h', 'θ' => '8', 'ι' => 'i', 'κ' => 'k', 'λ' => 'l', 'μ' => 'm', 'ν' => 'n', 'ξ' => '3', 'ο' => 'o', 'π' => 'p', 'ρ' => 'r', 'σ' => 's', 'τ' => 't', 'υ' => 'y', 'φ' => 'f', 'χ' => 'x', 'ψ' => 'ps', 'ω' => 'w', '?' => 'a', '?' => 'e', '?' => 'i', '?' => 'o', '?' => 'y', '?' => 'h', '?' => 'w', '?' => 's', '?' => 'i', '?' => 'y', '?' => 'y', '?' => 'i', // Turkish'?' => 'S', '?' => 'I', '?' => 'C', 'ü' => 'U', '?' => 'O', '?' => 'G', '?' => 's', '?' => 'i', '?' => 'c', 'ü' => 'u', '?' => 'o', '?' => 'g', // Russian'А' => 'A', 'Б' => 'B', 'В' => 'V', 'Г' => 'G', 'Д' => 'D', 'Е' => 'E', 'Ё' => 'Yo', 'Ж' => 'Zh', 'З' => 'Z', 'И' => 'I', 'Й' => 'J', 'К' => 'K', 'Л' => 'L', 'М' => 'M', 'Н' => 'N', 'О' => 'O', 'П' => 'P', 'Р' => 'R', 'С' => 'S', 'Т' => 'T', 'У' => 'U', 'Ф' => 'F', 'Х' => 'H', 'Ц' => 'C', 'Ч' => 'Ch', 'Ш' => 'Sh', 'Щ' => 'Sh', 'Ъ' => '', 'Ы' => 'Y', 'Ь' => '', 'Э' => 'E', 'Ю' => 'Yu', 'Я' => 'Ya', 'а' => 'a', 'б' => 'b', 'в' => 'v', 'г' => 'g', 'д' => 'd', 'е' => 'e', 'ё' => 'yo', 'ж' => 'zh', 'з' => 'z', 'и' => 'i', 'й' => 'j', 'к' => 'k', 'л' => 'l', 'м' => 'm', 'н' => 'n', 'о' => 'o', 'п' => 'p', 'р' => 'r', 'с' => 's', 'т' => 't', 'у' => 'u', 'ф' => 'f', 'х' => 'h', 'ц' => 'c', 'ч' => 'ch', 'ш' => 'sh', 'щ' => 'sh', 'ъ' => '', 'ы' => 'y', 'ь' => '', 'э' => 'e', 'ю' => 'yu', 'я' => 'ya', // Ukrainian'?' => 'Ye', '?' => 'I', '?' => 'Yi', '?' => 'G', '?' => 'ye', '?' => 'i', '?' => 'yi', '?' => 'g', // Czech'?' => 'C', '?' => 'D', 'ě' => 'E', '?' => 'N', '?' => 'R', '?' => 'S', '?' => 'T', '?' => 'U', '?' => 'Z', '?' => 'c', '?' => 'd', 'ě' => 'e', 'ň' => 'n', '?' => 'r', '?' => 's', '?' => 't', '?' => 'u', '?' => 'z', // Polish'?' => 'A', '?' => 'C', '?' => 'e', '?' => 'L', '?' => 'N', 'ó' => 'o', '?' => 'S', '?' => 'Z', '?' => 'Z', '?' => 'a', '?' => 'c', '?' => 'e', '?' => 'l', 'ń' => 'n', 'ó' => 'o', '?' => 's', '?' => 'z', '?' => 'z', // Latvian'ā' => 'A', '?' => 'C', 'ē' => 'E', '?' => 'G', 'ī' => 'i', '?' => 'k', '?' => 'L', '?' => 'N', '?' => 'S', 'ū' => 'u', '?' => 'Z', 'ā' => 'a', '?' => 'c', 'ē' => 'e', '?' => 'g', 'ī' => 'i', '?' => 'k', '?' => 'l', '?' => 'n', '?' => 's', 'ū' => 'u', '?' => 'z' ); // Make custom replacements $str = preg_replace(array_keys($options['replacements']), $options['replacements'], $str); // Transliterate characters to ASCII if ($options['transliterate']) {$str = str_replace(array_keys($char_map), $char_map, $str); } // Replace non-alphanumeric characters with our delimiter $str = preg_replace('/[^\p{L}\p{Nd}]+/u', $options['delimiter'], $str); // Remove duplicate delimiters $str = preg_replace('/(' . preg_quote($options['delimiter'], '/') . '){2, }/', '$1', $str); // Truncate slug to max. characters $str = mb_substr($str, 0, ($options['limit'] ? $options['limit'] : mb_strlen($str, 'UTF-8')), 'UTF-8'); // Remove delimiter from ends $str = trim($str, $options['delimiter']); return $options['lowercase'] ? mb_strtolower($str, 'UTF-8') : $str; }?>

然后, 你可以将其与特殊字符配合使用, 即：

// Example using French with unwanted characters ('?)echo "Qu'en est-il fran?ais? ?a marche alors?" . "\n"; echo url_slug("Qu'en est-il fran?ais? ?a marche alors?") . "\n\n"; // Example using transliterationecho "Что делать, если я не хочу, UTF-8?" . "\n"; echo url_slug("Что делать, если я не хочу, UTF-8?", array('transliterate' => true)) . "\n\n"; // Example using transliteration on an unsupported languageecho "?? ?? ??? ?? ???? UTF-8 ??????" . "\n"; echo url_slug("?? ?? ??? ?? ???? UTF-8 ??????", array('transliterate' => true)) . "\n\n"; // Some other optionsecho "This is an Example String. What's Going to Happen to Me?" . "\n"; echo url_slug( "This is an Example String. What's Going to Happen to Me?", array('delimiter' => '_', 'limit' => 40, 'lowercase' => false, 'replacements' => array('/\b(an)\b/i' => 'a', '/\b(example)\b/i' => 'Test') )); /*Output:This is an example string. Nothing fancy.this-is-an-example-string-nothing-fancyQu'en est-il fran?ais? ?a marche alors?qu-en-est-il-fran?ais-?a-marche-alorsЧто делать, если я не хочу, UTF-8?chto-delat-esli-ya-ne-hochu-utf-8?? ?? ??? ?? ???? UTF-8 ????????-??-???-??-????-utf-8-?????This is an Example String. What's Going to Happen to Me?This_is_a_Test_String_What_s_Going_to_Ha*/

短塞功能如果你是那些” 手工艺” 开发人员之一(甚至支持UTF-8字符, 但在其中的重要性不高), 则可能需要一种行式解决方案。幸运的是, 有一个有用的单行函数可以轻松处理complications化过程, 而不会带来太多麻烦：

< ?php function Slug($string){return strtolower(trim(preg_replace('~[^0-9a-z]+~i', '-', html_entity_decode(preg_replace('~& ([a-z]{1, 2})(?:acute|cedil|circ|grave|lig|orn|ring|slash|th|tilde|uml); ~i', '$1', htmlentities($string, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')), '-')); }$user = 'Cómo hablar en sílabas'; echo Slug($user); // como-hablar-en-silabas$user = 'álix ?xel'; echo Slug($user); // alix-axel$user = 'álix----_?xel!?!?'; echo Slug($user); // alix-axel

如你所见, 它支持将复杂的字符(由A转换为A, 从ü转换为u等), 这些字符将包含在URL中, 并且你不需要为此提供大型功能。
【在PHP中正确创建URL标记(包括UTF-8的音译)】玩得开心！