玩转MapStruct,手把手带你学会!

男儿欲遂平生志,五经勤向窗前读。这篇文章主要讲述玩转MapStruct,手把手带你学会!相关的知识,希望能为你提供帮助。
玩转MapStruct,手把手带你学会!在平时CRUD的工作中,经常需要做PO、VO、DTO之间的转换。简单的对象转换,使用BeanUtils基本上是够了,但是复杂的转换,如果使用它的话又得写一堆Getter、Setter方法了。BeanUtils 就是一个大老粗,只能同属性映射,或者在属性相同的情况下,允许被映射的对象属性少;但当遇到被映射的属性数据类型被修改或者被映射的字段名被修改,则会导致映射失败。而 mapstruct 就是一个巧媳妇儿了,她心思细腻,把我们可能会遇到的情况都给考虑到了,所以今天给大家推荐一款对象自动映射工具MapStruct,接下来我们一起学习这个吧!
关于BeanUtils【玩转MapStruct,手把手带你学会!】平时我经常使用Hutool中的BeanUtil类来实现对象转换,用多了之后就发现有些缺点:

  • 对象属性映射使用反射来实现,性能比较低;
  • 对于不同名称或不同类型的属性无法转换,还得单独写Getter、Setter方法;
  • 对于嵌套的子对象也需要转换的情况,也得自行处理;
  • 集合对象转换时,得使用循环,一个个拷贝。
对于这些不足,MapStruct都能解决,不愧为一款功能强大的对象映射工具!
一、什么是MapStruct?MapStruct是一款基于java注解的对象属性映射工具,使用的时候我们只要在接口中定义好对象属性映射规则,它就能自动生成映射实现类,不使用反射,性能优秀,能实现各种复杂映射。
二、如何使用MapStruct? 1、引入MapStruct依赖
< lombok.version> 1.18.12< /lombok.version> < mapstruct.version> 1.4.2.Final< /mapstruct.version> < !--MapStruct相关依赖--> < dependency> < groupId> org.mapstruct< /groupId> < artifactId> mapstruct< /artifactId> < version> ${mapstruct.version}< /version> < /dependency> < dependency> < groupId> org.mapstruct< /groupId> < artifactId> mapstruct-processor< /artifactId> < version> ${mapstruct.version}< /version> < scope> compile< /scope> < /dependency>

2、创建我们所需要的案例实体类
/** * @author JavaAlliance * @version 1.0 * @description: TODO * @date 2021/11/23 9:37 */ @Data @NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false) @Accessors(chain = true) public class User { private Integer id ; //用户id private String userName; //用户名 private String password; //密码 private Date birthday; //生日 private String tel; //电话号码 private String email; //邮箱 private String idCardNo; //身份证号 private String icon; //头像 private Integer gender; //性别 }

3、创建VO对象
/** * @author JavaAlliance * @version 1.0 * @description: TODO * @date 2021/11/23 9:37 */ @Data @NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor @Accessors(chain = true) @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false) public class UserVo { private Long id ; //用户id private String userName; //用户名 private String password; //密码 //与PO类型不同的属性 private Date birthday; //生日 //与PO名称不同的属性 private String telNumber; //电话号码 private String email; //邮箱 private String idCardNo; //身份证号 private String icon; //头像 private Integer gender; //性别 }

那我们现在要做的就是需要将User对象转换为UserVo对象;
4、创建映射接口
(目的:实现同名同类型属性、不同名称属性、不同类型属性的映射;)
@Mapper public interface UserMapper { UserMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(UserMapper.class); @Mapping(source = "tel",target = "telNumber") @Mapping(source = "birthday",target = "birthday",dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd") UserVo convertToVo(User user); }

5、效果演示
@RestController @RequestMapping("/user") public class UserController {@GetMapping("/mapStructToVo") public Result mapStructToVo() { User user = new User(); user.setId(1).setEmail("1964327885@qq.com").setUserName("小慕").setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("18772563087"); UserVo userVo = userMapper.convertToVo(user); System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(userVo)); return Result.success(userVo); } }

打印结果:
{"birthday":"2021-11-26","email":"1964327885@qq.com","id":1,"telNumber":"18772563087","userName":"小慕"}

正如运行效果所示,User对象中的tel字段的值被映射到UserVo对象的telNumber字段上了,User对象中的Date类型的birthday被映射到UserVo中的String类型的birthday上了,完全OK!
6、MapStruct实现原理
  • 其实MapStruct的实现原理很简单,就是根据我们在Mapper接口中使用的@Mapper@Mapping等注解,在运行时生成接口的实现类,我们可以打开项目的target目录看下;
    < img src=https://www.songbingjia.com/android/" https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-0024313fcb6d16306447610776a6fbbd_1440w.jpg">
  • 下面是MapStruct为UserMapper生成好的对象映射代码,可以和手写Getter、Setter说再见了!
public class UserMapperImpl implements UserMapper { public UserMapperImpl() { }public UserVo convertToVo(User user) { if (user == null) { return null; } else { UserVo userVo = new UserVo(); userVo.setTelNumber(user.getTel()); if (user.getBirthday() != null) { userVo.setBirthday((new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd")).format(user.getBirthday())); }if (user.getId() != null) { userVo.setId(user.getId().longValue()); }userVo.setUserName(user.getUserName()); userVo.setPassword(user.getPassword()); userVo.setEmail(user.getEmail()); userVo.setIdCardNo(user.getIdCardNo()); userVo.setIcon(user.getIcon()); userVo.setGender(user.getGender()); return userVo; } } }

7、MapStruct对集合进行映射
MapStruct也提供了集合映射的功能,可以直接将一个PO列表转换为一个VO列表,再也不用一个个对象转换了!
  • UserMapper接口中添加toVoList方法用于列表转换;
    @Mapper public interface UserMapper { UserMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(UserMapper.class); @Mapping(source = "tel", target = "telNumber") @Mapping(source = "birthday", target = "birthday", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd") List< UserVo> toVoList(List< User> list); }

  • 在Controller中创建测试接口,直接通过Mapper接口中的INSTANCE实例调用转换方法toVoList
    @RestController @RequestMapping("/user") public class UserController { @Autowired UserMapper userMapper; @GetMapping("/mapStructToList") public Result mapStructToList() { User user1 = new User().setId(1).setEmail("1964327885@qq.com").setUserName("小慕") .setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("18772563087"); User user2 = new User().setId(2).setEmail("1664687767@qq.com").setUserName("小王") .setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("13455332134"); User user3 = new User().setId(3).setEmail("1323243433@qq.com").setUserName("小张") .setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("1534323232"); List< User> userList = new ArrayList< > (); userList.add(user1); userList.add(user2); userList.add(user3); List< UserVo> userVoList = UserMapper.INSTANCE.toVoList(userList); System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(userVoList)); return Result.success(userVoList); } }

    打印结果:
    [{"birthday":"2021-11-24","email":"1964327885@qq.com","id":1,"telNumber":"18772563087","userName":"小慕"},{"birthday":"2021-11-24","email":"1664687767@qq.com","id":2,"telNumber":"13455332134","userName":"小王"},{"birthday":"2021-11-24","email":"1323243433@qq.com","id":3,"telNumber":"1534323232","userName":"小张"}]

    可见集合映射完全OK
8、子集和映射
MapStruct对于对象中包含子对象也需要转换的情况也是有所支持的。
  • 例如我们有一个订单PO对象Order,嵌套有UserProduct对象;
@Data @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false) public class Order { private Long id; private String orderNo; //订单号 private Date createTime; private String receiverAddress; //收货地址 private User user; //订单所属的用户 private List< Product> productList; //商品集合 }

@Data @Accessors(chain = true) @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false) public class Product { private Long id; private String productSn; private String name; private String subTitle; private String brandName; private BigDecimal price; private Integer count; //商品数量 private Date createTime; }

  • 我们需要转换为OrderDo对象,OrderDo中包含UserVoProductVo两个子对象同样需要转换;
@Data @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false) public class OrderVo { private Long id; private String orderNo; //订单号 private Date createTime; private String receiverAddress; //收货地址 //子对象映射Dto private UserVo userVo; //订单所属的用户 //子对象数组映射Dto private List< ProductVo> productVoList; //商品集合 }

@Data @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false) public class ProductVo { //使用常量 private Long id; //使用表达式生成属性 private String productSn; private String name; private String subTitle; private String brandName; private BigDecimal price; //使用默认值 private Integer number; //商品数量 private Date createTime; }

  • 我们只需要创建一个Mapper接口,然后通过使用uses将子对象的转换Mapper注入进来,然后通过@Mapping设置好属性映射规则即可;
@Mapper(uses = {UserMapper.class,ProductMapper.class}) public interface OrderMapper { OrderMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(OrderMapper.class); @Mapping(source = "user",target = "UserVo") @Mapping(source = "productList",target = "productVoList") OrderVo convertToVo(Order order); }

@Mapper(imports = {UUID.class}) public interface ProductMapper { ProductMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(ProductMapper.class); @Mapping(target = "id",constant = "-1L") @Mapping(source = "count",target = "number",defaultValue = "https://www.songbingjia.com/android/1") @Mapping(target = "productSn",expression = "java(UUID.randomUUID().toString())") ProductVo convertToVo(Product product); }

  • 接下来在Controller中创建测试接口,直接通过Mapper中的INSTANCE实例调用转换方法toDto
@RestController @RequestMapping("/order") public class OrderController { @ApiOperation(value = "https://www.songbingjia.com/android/子对象映射") @GetMapping("/mapStructToSubVo") public Result mapStructToSubVo() { //创建一个user对象 User user = new User(); user.setId(1).setEmail("1964327885@qq.com").setUserName("小慕") .setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("18772563087"); //创建productList List< Product> productList = new ArrayList< > (); productList.add(new Product().setCount(3)); productList.add(new Product().setCount(7)); Order order = new Order(); order.setUser(user).setProductList(productList); OrderVo orderVo = OrderMapper.INSTANCE.convertToVo(order); System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(orderVo)); return Result.success(orderVo); } }

打印结果:
{"productVoList":[{"id":-1,"number":3,"productSn":"a27c7f07-7f5b-45e1-ae99-cea741b35d85"},{"id":-1,"number":7,"productSn":"75012846-bdc2-4dc1-849b-47442bba70c8"}],"userVo":{"birthday":"2021-11-24","email":"1964327885@qq.com","id":1,"telNumber":"18772563087","userName":"小慕"}}

从运行结果来看,可以发现子对象属性已经被转换了。 Product对象中count字段的值映射到ProductVo的number字段上了,完全OK
9、合并映射
MapStruct也支持把多个对象属性映射到一个对象中去。
  • 例如这里把UserOrder的部分属性映射到UserOrderDto中去;
@Data @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false) public class UserOrderVo { private Long id ; //用户id private String userName; //用户名 private String password; //密码 //与PO类型不同的属性 private String birthday; //生日 //与PO名称不同的属性 private String telNumber; //电话号码 private String email; private String idCardNo; //身份证号 private String icon; //头像 private Integer gender; //性别private String orderNo; //订单号 private String receiverAddress; //用户收货地址 }

  • 然后在Mapper中添加toUserOrderVo方法,这里需要注意的是由于参数中具有两个属性,需要通过参数名称.属性的名称来指定source来防止冲突(这两个参数中都有id属性);
@Mapper public interface UserMapper { UserMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(UserMapper.class); @Mapping(source = "user.tel",target = "telNumber") @Mapping(source = "user.birthday",target = "birthday",dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd") @Mapping(source = "user.id",target = "id") @Mapping(source = "order.orderNo", target = "orderNo") @Mapping(source = "order.receiverAddress", target = "receiverAddress") UserOrderVo toUserOrderVo(User user, Order order); }

  • 接下来在Controller中创建测试接口,直接通过Mapper中的INSTANCE实例调用转换方法toUserOrderDto
    @ApiOperation(value = "https://www.songbingjia.com/android/组合映射") @GetMapping("/compositeMapping") public Result compositeMapping() { //新建一个user对象 User user = new User(); user.setId(1).setEmail("1964327885@qq.com").setUserName("小慕") .setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("18772563087"); //新建一个Order对象 Order order = new Order(); order.setReceiverAddress("湖北省武汉市洪山区").setOrderNo("323121213232"); UserOrderVo userOrderVo = UserMapper.INSTANCE.toUserOrderVo(user,order); System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(userOrderVo)); return Result.success(userOrderVo); }

    打印结果:
    {"birthday":"2021-11-24","email":"1964327885@qq.com","id":1,"orderNo":"323121213232","receiverAddress":"湖北省武汉市洪山区","telNumber":"18772563087","userName":"小慕"}

    从打印结果来看,可以发现User和Order中的属性已经被映射到userOrderVo中去了。
三、MapStruct的进阶玩法通过上面的基本使用,大家已经可以玩转MapStruct了,下面我们再来介绍一些进阶的用法。
1、使用Spring依赖注入
上面的例子我们都是通过Mapper接口中的INSTANCE实例来调用方法的,在Spring中我们也是可以使用依赖注入的。
  • 想要使用依赖注入,我们只要将@Mapper注解的componentModel参数设置为spring即可,这样在生成接口实现类时,MapperStruct会为其添加@Component注解; (< font color=red> 注意:这些mapper文件不要被mybatis的MapScan给扫包扫到了,不然生成的代理对象就是mybatis代理的对象,而不是mapstruct代理的对象了,所以一定要注意< /font> )
@Mapper(componentModel = "spring")//使用spring依赖注入 public interface UserMapper { // UserMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(UserMapper.class); @Mapping(source = "tel", target = "telNumber") @Mapping(source = "birthday", target = "birthday", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd") UserVo convertToVo(User user); }

  • 接下来在Controller中使用@Autowired注解注入即可使用;
@RestController @RequestMapping("/user") public class UserController { @Autowired UserMapper userMapper; @GetMapping("/mapStructToVo") public Result mapStructToVo() { User user = new User(); user.setId(1).setEmail("1964327885@qq.com").setUserName("小慕").setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("18772563087"); UserVo userVo = userMapper.convertToVo(user); System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(userVo)); return Result.success(userVo); } }

打印结果:
{"birthday":"2021-11-24", "email":"1964327885@qq.com","id":1,"telNumber":"18772563087","userName":"小慕"}

完全OK
2、使用常量、默认值和表达式
使用MapStruct映射属性时,我们可以设置属性为常量或者默认值,也可以通过Java中的方法编写表达式来自动生成属性。
@Data @Accessors(chain = true) @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false) public class Product { private Long id; private String productSn; private String name; private String subTitle; private String brandName; private BigDecimal price; private Integer count; //商品数量 private Date createTime; }

  • 我们想把Product转换为ProductVo对象,id属性设置为常量,count设置默认值为1,productSn设置为UUID生成;
@Data @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false) public class ProductVo { //使用常量 private Long id; //使用表达式生成属性 private String productSn; private String name; private String subTitle; private String brandName; private BigDecimal price; //使用默认值 private Integer number; //商品数量private Date createTime; }

  • 创建ProductMapper接口,通过@Mapping注解中的constantdefaultValueexpression设置好映射规则;
@Mapper(imports = {UUID.class}) public interface ProductMapper { ProductMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(ProductMapper.class); @Mapping(target = "id",constant = "-1L")//给转换后的productVo的id字段设置为常量-1 @Mapping(source = "count",target = "number",defaultValue = "https://www.songbingjia.com/android/1") @Mapping(target = "productSn",expression = "java(UUID.randomUUID().toString())") ProductVo convertToVo(Product product); }

  • 接下来在Controller中创建测试接口,直接通过接口中的INSTANCE实例调用转换方法convertToVo
@RestController @RequestMapping("/product") public class ProductController { @GetMapping("/defaultMapping") public Result defaultMapping() { Product product = new Product(); product.setId(100L); product.setCount(null); ProductVo productVo = ProductMapper.INSTANCE.convertToVo(product); System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(productVo)); return Result.success(productVo); } }

打印结果:
{"id":-1,"number":1,"productSn":"5673a313-fde6-450c-8c55-f8242b57af2a"}

3、在MapStruct映射前后进行自定义切面处理
MapStruct也支持在映射前后做一些自定义操作,类似Spring的AOP中的切面。
  • 由于此时我们需要创建自定义处理方法,创建一个抽象类ProductRoundMapper,通过@BeforeMapping注解自定义映射前操作,通过@AfterMapping注解自定义映射后操作;
@Mapper(imports = {UUID.class}) public abstract class ProductRoundMapper { public static ProductRoundMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(ProductRoundMapper.class); @Mapping(target = "id",constant = "-1L") @Mapping(source = "count",target = "number",defaultValue = "https://www.songbingjia.com/android/1") @Mapping(target = "productSn",expression = "java(UUID.randomUUID().toString())") public abstract ProductVo convertToVo(Product product); @BeforeMapping public void beforeMapping(Product product){ //映射前当price< 0时设置为0 if(product.getPrice().compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO)< 0){ product.setPrice(BigDecimal.ZERO); } }@AfterMapping public void afterMapping(@MappingTarget ProductVo productVo){ //映射后设置当前时间为createTime productVo.setCreateTime(new Date()); } }

  • 接下来在Controller中创建测试接口,直接通过Mapper中的INSTANCE实例调用转换方法convertToVo
@RestController @RequestMapping("/product") public class ProductController { @GetMapping("/defaultMapping") public Result defaultMapping() { Product product = new Product(); product.setId(100L); product.setCount(null); product.setPrice(new BigDecimal(-100) ); ProductVo productVo = ProductRoundMapper.INSTANCE.convertToVo(product); System.out.println(JSON.toJSONStringWithDateFormat(productVo,"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")); return Result.success(productVo); } }

打印结果:
{"createTime":"2021-11-26 11:26:11","id":-1,"number":1,"price":0,"productSn":"cf387cf1-8750-4f5a-adaa-2037ac7d719a"}

4、MapStruct里的验证器
  • 我们先创建一个验证类,当Userd对象的tel超过11位时就抛出异常;
public class UserValidator { public String validatePrice(String tel) throws Exception { if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(tel)& & tel.length()> 11){ throw new Exception("手机号位数超过11位了"); } return tel; } }

  • 之后我们通过@Mapper注解的uses属性运用验证类;
@Mapper(uses = {UserValidator.class},imports = {UUID.class}) public interface UserExceptionMapper { UserExceptionMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(UserExceptionMapper.class); @Mapping(source = "tel", target = "telNumber") @Mapping(source = "birthday", target = "birthday", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd") UserVo convertToVo(User user) throws Exception; }

  • 最后我们在Controller层验证下效果
    @RestController @RequestMapping("/user") public class UserController {@GetMapping("/mapStructToVo") public Result mapStructToVo() { User user = new User(); user.setId(1).setEmail("1964327885@qq.com").setUserName("小慕").setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("18772563087"); try { UserVo userVo = UserExceptionMapper.INSTANCE.convertToVo(user); }catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } return Result.success(""); }}

    打印结果:
    手机号位数超过11位了

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