mysql实验&ansible常用模块 _Ansible

幽沉谢世事，俯默窥唐虞。这篇文章主要讲述mysql实验&ansible常用模块相关的知识，希望能为你提供帮助。
1、主从复制及主主复制的实现主从复制
1.1主节点
```html/xml
#下载mysql5.7
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewall
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#安装mysql rpm源
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#安装mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
#查看mysql初始密码
[root@localhost ~]# grep root@localhost: /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-02-20T05:33:52.076247Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: R< V:GU:ra3O9
#设置密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -pR< V:GU:ra3O9 password Root123!
#修改配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin
#创建有复制权限的用户账号
mysql> grant replication slave on . to repluser@10.0.0.% identified by Root123!;
#查看二进制文件和位置
mysql> show master logs;
+----------------------+-----------+
| Log_name| File_size |
+----------------------+-----------+
| localhost-bin.000001 |154 |
+----------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

1.2从节点 ```html/xml #下载mysql5.7 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewall [root@localhost ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm #安装mysql rpm源 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm #安装mysql [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-server [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld #查看mysql初始密码 [root@localhost ~]# grep root@localhost: /var/log/mysqld.log 2022-02-20T11:55:37.969845Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ib=Lw8r9q3tN #设置密码 [root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -pib=Lw8r9q3tN password Root123!#导入数据库文件 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -pRoot123! < hellodb.sql #修改配置 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id=18 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld #使用有复制权限的用户账号连接至主服务器，并启动复制线程 mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=10.0.0.153,MASTER_USER=repluser,MASTER_PASSWORD=Root123!, MASTER_PORT=3306,MASTER_LOG_FILE=localhost-bin.000001, MASTER_LOG_POS=759; mysql> start slave; mysql> show slave status\\G

主主复制
1.2第一个master
```html/xml
#下载mysql5.7
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewall
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#安装mysql rpm源
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#安装mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
#查看mysql初始密码
[root@localhost ~]# grep root@localhost: /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-02-22T06:56:57.727527Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: QmtSPzqXW0m
#修改密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -pQmtSPzqXW0m passwordRoot123!
#使用新密码登录
mysql> grant replication slave on . to repluser@10.0.0.%
identified by Root123!;
#导入数据库文件
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pRoot123! < hellodb.sql
#修改配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=8
log-bin
auto_increment_offset=1 #开始点
auto_increment_increment=2 #增长幅度
#重启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
#查看节点
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p
mysql> show master logs;
+----------------------+-----------+
| Log_name| File_size |
+----------------------+-----------+
| localhost-bin.000001 |456 |
+----------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#创建可复制账户
mysql> grant replication slave on . to repluser@10.0.0.% identified by Root123!;

1.2.1第二个master ```html/xml [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id=18 log-bin auto_increment_offset=2 #开始点 auto_increment_increment=2 #增长幅度[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld [root@localhost ~]# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p #创建可复制账户 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@10.0.0.% identified by Root123!; mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=10.0.0.153, MASTER_USER=repluser, MASTER_PASSWORD=Root123!, MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_LOG_FILE=localhost-bin.000001, MASTER_LOG_POS=456; #启动节点 mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) #查看二进制文件的位置 mysql> show master logs; +----------------------+-----------+ | Log_name| File_size | +----------------------+-----------+ | localhost-bin.000001 |456 | +----------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

1.2.2第一个master
```html/xml
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
CHANGE MASTER TOMASTER_HOST=192.168.2.158,
MASTER_USER=repluser,
MASTER_PASSWORD=Jhd2020@,
br/>MASTER_HOST=192.168.2.158,
MASTER_USER=repluser,
MASTER_PASSWORD=Jhd2020@,
MASTER_LOG_FILE=localhost-bin.000001,
MASTER_LOG_POS=456;
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#在第一个master节点操作
mysql> create database db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> use db1
Database changed
mysql> create table t1(id int auto_increment primary key,name char(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert t1 (name) values(user1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert t1 (name) values(user2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
#在第二个master节点进行查询
mysql> select * from t1;
+----+-------+
| id | name|
+----+-------+
|1 | user1 |
+----+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

##### 2、xtrabackup实现全量+增量+binlog恢复库 2.1安装xtrabackup安装mysql ```html/xml [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm #下载mysql5.7 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewall [root@localhost ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm #安装mysql rpm源 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm #安装mysql [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-server [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld #查看mysql初始密码 [root@localhost ~]# grep root@localhost: /var/log/mysqld.log 2022-20-23T06:56:57.727527Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: QmtSPzqXW0*m #设置密码 [root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -pQmtSPzqXW0*m passwordRoot123!

2.3 导入测试数据，实现增量备份
```html/xml
#导入数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pRoot123! < hellodb.sql
#创建数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
mysql> create database db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> use db1
Database changed
mysql> create table t1(id int auto_increment primary key,name char(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert t1 (name) values(user1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert t1 (name) values(user2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
1、完全备份[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /backup/
[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup -uroot -pRoot123! --backup --target-dir=/backup/base
2、第一次修改数据mysql> insert t1 (name) values(user3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert t1 (name) values(user4);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
3、第一次增量备份[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup -uroot -pRoot123! --backup --target-dir=/backup/inc1 --incremental-basedir=/backup/base
4、第二次修改数据mysql> insert t1 (name) values(user5);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert t1 (name) values(user6);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
5、第二次增量备份[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup -uroot -pRoot123! --backup --target-dir=/backup/inc2 --incremental-basedir=/backup/inc1
6、src传输到目标主机[root@localhost ~]# scp -r /backup/* 10.0.0.156:/backup/
#备份过程生成三个备份目录
/backup/base，inc1，inc2
2还原过程1）预准备完成备份，此选项--apply-log-only 阻止回滚未完成的事务
[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/backup/base
2）合并第1次增量备份到完全备份，
[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/backup/base --incremental-dir=/backup/inc1
3）合并第2次增量备份到完全备份：最后一次还原不需要加选项--apply-log-only
[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/backup/base --incremental-dir=/backup/inc2
4）复制到数据库目录，注意数据库目录必须为空，MySQL服务不能启动
[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/backup/base
5）还原属性：
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
6）启动服务：
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld

2.4完全备份 ```html/xml #安装 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm#下载mysql5.7 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewall [root@localhost ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm #安装mysql rpm源 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm #安装mysql [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-server [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld #查看mysql初始密码 [root@localhost ~]# grep root@localhost: /var/log/mysqld.log 2022-20-23T07:56:57.727527Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: QmtSPzqXW0*m #设置密码 [root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin-uroot -pQmtSPzqXW0*m passwordRoot123! # 在原主机上进行备份到/backup [root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup -uroot -pRoot123! --backup --target-dir=/backup/ #复制到目标主机 [root@localhost ~]# scp -r /backup/* 10.0.0.156:/backup/# 在目标主机上还原 [root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/backup/[root@localhost ~]# xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/backup/ [root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

3、MyCAT实现MySQL读写分离```html/xml
mysql-master 10.0.0.152
mysql-slave 10.0.0.153
mycat-server 10.0.0.156
关闭防火墙、SELinux，并进行时间同步
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
nntpdate ntp.aliyun.com

3.1、创建mysql 主从数据库 ```html/xml #下载mysql5.7 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewall [root@localhost ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm #安装mysql rpm源 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm #安装mysql [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-server [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld #查看mysql初始密码 [root@localhost ~]# grep root@localhost: /var/log/mysqld.log 2022-20-23T07:56:57.727527Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: QmtSPzqXW0*m #设置密码 [root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin-uroot -pQmtSPzqXW0*m passwordRoot123!

【mysql实验&ansible常用模块】3.2.1、修改master和slave上的配置文件
```html/xml
#master上的my.cnf
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id = 1
log-bin
#slave上的my.cnf
[root@centos17 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id = 2

3.2.2、master上创建复制用户 ```html/xml [root@centos7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@10.0.0.% identified by Root123!; mysql> show master status; +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File| Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | centos7-bin.000002 |306 |||| +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=10.0.0.152, MASTER_USER=repluser, MASTER_PASSWORD=Root123!, MASTER_LOG_FILE=centos7-bin.000002, MASTER_LOG_POS=306;

3.2.3、slave上执行
```html/xml
[root@centos17 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST=10.0.0.152,
MASTER_USER=repluser,
MASTER_PASSWORD=Root123!,
MASTER_LOG_FILE=centos7-bin.000002,
MASTER_LOG_POS=306;
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\\G
1. row
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 10.0.0.152
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: centos7-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 306
Relay_Log_File: centos17-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: centos7-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

3.3、在10.0.0.156的服务器上安装mycat 并启动 ```html/xml [root@centos27 ~]# yum -y install mysql [root@centos27 ~]# yum -y install java #确认安装成功 [root@centos27 ~]# java -version openjdk version "1.8.0_282" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_282-b08) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.282-b08, mixed mode) #下载并安装 [root@centos27 ~]# wget http://dl.mycat.org.cn/1.6.7.4/Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release/Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103-linux.tar.gz [root@centos27 ~]# mkdir /app [root@centos27 ~]# tar xvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103-linux.tar.gz -C /app/[root@centos27 ~]# echo PATH=/app/mycat/bin:$PATH > /etc/profile.d/mycat.sh[root@centos27 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mycat.sh [root@centos27 ~]# ss -ntl StateRecv-Q Send-QLocal Address:PortPeer Address:Port LISTEN0100127.0.0.1:25*:* LISTEN0128*:111*:* LISTEN0128*:22*:* LISTEN0100[::1]:25[::]:* LISTEN0128[::]:111[::]:* LISTEN0128[::]:22[::]:* [root@centos27 ~]# mycat start Starting Mycat-server... [root@centos27 ~]# ss -ntlp StateRecv-Q Send-QLocal Address:PortPeer Address:Port LISTEN0100127.0.0.1:25*:*users:(("master",pid=2626,fd=13)) LISTEN01127.0.0.1:32000*:*users:(("java",pid=2720,fd=4)) LISTEN0128*:111*:*users:(("rpcbind",pid=708,fd=4),("systemd",pid=1,fd=54)) LISTEN0128*:22*:*users:(("sshd",pid=1127,fd=3)) LISTEN0100[::1]:25[::]:*users:(("master",pid=2626,fd=14)) LISTEN050[::]:1984[::]:*users:(("java",pid=2720,fd=65)) LISTEN0100[::]:8066[::]:*users:(("java",pid=2720,fd=86)) LISTEN0100[::]:9066[::]:*users:(("java",pid=2720,fd=82)) LISTEN050[::]:44523[::]:*users:(("java",pid=2720,fd=66)) LISTEN0128[::]:111[::]:*users:(("rpcbind",pid=708,fd=6),("systemd",pid=1,fd=58)) LISTEN050[::]:39636[::]:*users:(("java",pid=2720,fd=64)) LISTEN0128[::]:22[::]:*users:(("sshd",pid=1127,fd=4)) #查看日志，确定成功，可能需要等一会儿才能看到成功的提示 [root@centos27 ~]# tail -f /app/mycat/logs/wrapper.log STATUS | wrapper| 2021/04/18 16:38:10 | --> Wrapper Started as Daemon STATUS | wrapper| 2021/04/18 16:38:10 | Launching a JVM... INFO| jvm 1| 2021/04/18 16:38:10 | Wrapper (Version 3.2.3) http://wrapper.tanukisoftware.org INFO| jvm 1| 2021/04/18 16:38:10 |Copyright 1999-2006 Tanuki Software, Inc.All Rights Reserved. INFO| jvm 1| 2021/04/18 16:38:10 | INFO| jvm 1| 2021/04/18 16:38:12 | MyCAT Server startup successfully. see logs in logs/mycat.log#用默认密码123456来连接mycat [root@centos27 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.27 -P8066 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103 MyCat Server (OpenCloudDB)Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type help; or \\h for help. Type \\c to clear the current input statement.mysql> mysql> show databases; +----------+ | DATABASE | +----------+ | TESTDB| +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> use TESTDB Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed mysql> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables in TESTDB | +------------------+ | address| | travelrecord| +------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from travelrecord; ERROR 1105 (HY000): backend connect: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid DataSource:0

3.4、在mycat服务器上修改server.xml文件配置mycat的连接信息
```html/xml
[root@centos27 ~]# vim /app/mycat/conf/server.xml
< user name=" root" defaultAccount=" true" >
< property name=" password" > Root123!< /property>
< property name=" schemas" > TESTDB< /property>
< property name=" defaultSchema" > TESTDB< /property>
< /user>

3.5、修改schema.xml实现读写分离策略 ```html/xml [root@centos27 ~]# vim /app/mycat/conf/schema.xml < ?xml version="1.0"?> < !DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> < mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> < schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1"> < /schema> < dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="mycat" /> < dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100"> < heartbeat> select user()< /heartbeat> < writeHost host="host1" url="10.0.0.152:3306" user="root" password="Root123!"> < readHost host="host2" url="10.0.0.153:3306" user="root" password="Root123!" /> < /writeHost> < /dataHost> < /mycat:schema> #重启mycat [root@centos27 ~]# mycat restart

3.6、在后端主服务器创建用户并对mycat授权
```html/xml
[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p < mycat.sql
[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
mysql> GRANT ALL ON . TO root@10.0.0.% IDENTIFIED BY Root123! WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> flush privileges;

3.7、在mycat服务器上连接并测试 ```html/xml [root@centos27 ~]# mysql -uroot -pRoot123! -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -DTESTDB mysql> show databases; +----------+ | DATABASE | +----------+ | TESTDB|#只能看到一个虚拟数据库 +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> use TESTDB Database changed mysql> show tables; +-----------------+ | Tables_in_mycat | +-----------------+ | classes| | coc| | courses| | scores| | students| | teachers| | toc| +-----------------+ 7 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> show databases; +----------+ | DATABASE | +----------+ | TESTDB| +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> use TESTDB Database changed mysql> show tables; +-----------------+ | Tables_in_mycat | +-----------------+ | classes| | coc| | courses| | scores| | students| | teachers| | toc| +-----------------+ 7 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> select @@server_id; +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ |2 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select @@hostname; +------------+ | @@hostname | +------------+ | centos17| +------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)

3.8、通过通用日志确认实现读写分离
```html/xml
mysql> show variables like general_log;
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| general_log| OFF|
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global general_log=on;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like general_log_file;
+------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name| Value|
+------------------+----------------------------+
| general_log_file | /var/lib/mysql/centos7.log |
+------------------+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在主和从服务器分别启用通用日志，查看读写分离 ```html/xml [root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] general_log=ON [root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld [root@centos7 ~]# tail -f /var/lib/mysql/centos7.log [root@centos17 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] general_log=ON [root@centos17 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld [root@centos17 ~]# tail -f /var/lib/mysql/centos17.log

##### 4、ansible常用模块介绍 ###### ping 模块 ping模块尝尝用于检测网络是否通畅 ```html/xml ansible -i hosts all -m ping

group 模块group用户在目标机器上创建/删除用户组
```html/xml
#创建用户组
ansible -i hosts bigops -m group -a " gid=3000 name=algroup state=present system=no" -b
#参数解释
gid：指定组gid号，如果不指定，默认在主机上向后延伸gid号
name：指定组名称
state：指定组状态，值可以为 absent：删除用户组， present：创建用户组，默认为 present
system：是否为系统组，值为 yes 或 no，gid=3000，也就证明不是系统组了，system值默认也为 no
?
#在目标主机上查看我们创建的组
ansible -i hosts bigops -m shell -a " cat /etc/group | grep algroup" -b
192.168.31.225 | CHANGED | rc=0 > >
algroup:x:3000:
?
#删除用户组
ansible -i hosts bigops -m group -a " gid=3000 name=algroup state=absent system=no" -b
?
ansible -i hosts bigops -m shell -a " cat /etc/group | tail -1" -b#再去查看的时候发现用户组已被删除
192.168.31.225 | CHANGED | rc=0 > >

###### user 模块 user模块用户在目标主机上创建/删除用户 ```html/xml #创建用户组 ansible -i hosts bigops -m group -a "name=ansible gid=1038 state=present system=no" -b ? #创建用户 ansible -i hosts bigops -m user -a "name=ansible password=123456 create_home=yes home=/home/ansible group=ansible groups=root shell=/bin/bash uid=1024 state=present move_home=yes generate_ssh_key=yes" -b ? #参数解释 name=ansible：指定用户名称 password=123456：指定用户密码 create_home=yes：是否创建家目录 home=/home/ansible：指定家目录位置 group=ansible：指定基本组（此基本组必须存在） groups=root：指定附加组 shell=/bin/bash：指定用户登录shell环境 uid=1024：指定用户uid state=present：指定用户状态, present为创建,absent为删除 move_home=yes：假如此用户已经存在，yes为覆盖家目录，no为创建为此用户创建另外一个家目录，两个家目录通过uid区分 generate_ssh_key=yes：创建用户的同时是否为此用户创建ssh密钥文件 ? #查看创建的用户 ansible -i hosts bigops -m shell -a "id ansible" 192.168.31.225 | CHANGED | rc=0 > > uid=1024(ansible) gid=1038(ansible) groups=1038(ansible),0(root) ? #删除用户 ansible -i hosts bigops -m user -a "name=ansible state=absent remove=yes" -b ? #参数解释 state=absent：删除用户 remove=yes：删除此用户关联的家目录

copy 模块copy模块用户将文件拷贝到目标主机上
```html/xml
#方法一
ansible -i hosts bigops -m copy -a " src=https://www.songbingjia.com/home/ansible/hosts dest=/tmp/file_text mode=777"
#参数解释：
src=https://www.songbingjia.com/android/指定本地源文件
dest=指定要复制到目标路径，我这里把原文件hosts修改为了file_text
mode=指定复制后的文件权限为777
#方法二
将/home/ansible/下的所有文件复制到目标主机的/tmp/目录下
ansible -i hosts bigops -m copy -a " src=https://www.songbingjia.com/home/ansible/ dest=/tmp/"
#方法三
将/home目录复制到目标主机的/tmp目录下,注意/home后面没有 " /" ,如果后面加了 " /" 则把home下的所有文件复制过去，而不是 home 目录
ansible -i hosts bigops -m copy -a " src=https://www.songbingjia.com/home dest=/tmp/"
#方法四
使用content来生成我们要复制到目标的文件内容
ansible -i hosts bigops -m copy -a " content=abcops opsblogs\\nMy abcops\\n dest=/tmp/ops.txt"
查看文件内容
cat ops.txt
abcops opsblogs
My abcops
#方法五
复制到目的地址的文件直接修改权限及属性信息
ansible -i hosts bigops -m copy -a " content=abcops opsblogs\\nMy abcops\\n dest=/tmp/ops.txt owner=micvs group=micvs mode=750"
owner=micvs：将ops.txt的属主修改为micvs
gorup=micvs：将ops.txt的属组修改为micvs
mode=750:将ops.txt的权限修改为750

###### fetch 模块 fetch模块主要作为为将远程主机文件复制到本地 ```html/xml ansible -i hosts bule_cmdb -m fetch -a "src=https://www.songbingjia.com/root/anaconda-ks.cfg dest=/tmp/" -b#参数解释 src=https://www.songbingjia.com/root/anaconda-ks.cfg：为远程主机文件 dest=/tmp/：本地目录#在本地/tmp目录中是以IP地址区分各个主机的文件

command 模块command模块主要是可以直接执行命令,command本身执行不使用shell来解析命令，所有输出的命令将作为原始命令输出
```html/xml
#方法一
ansible -i hosts bigops -m command -a " chdir=/usr/local/src pwd"
#参数解释
chdir：切换到指定目录
pwd：为我们常规命令列出当前所在目录
#方法二
[root@Jumpserver ansible]# ansible -i hosts bigops -m command -a " echo 123456 | passwd --stdin apper" -b
192.168.31.225 | CHANGED | rc=0 > >
123456 | passwd --stdin apper
我们使用echo来把apper用户的密码改为123456，但是command模块却把我们的命令给echo输出到了界面，是因为command命令默认不识别shell，所以使用command命令无法完成具备shell类型的命令

###### shell 模块 shell模块比command模块功能强大，能完成command模块完成不了的任务，shell模块能够识别shell类型的命令 ```html/xml #chdir切换到/var/log/nginx目录，然后使用pwd命令显示当前目录 ansible -i hosts bigops -m shell -a "chdir=/var/log/nginx pwd"#执行大于两个命令时，可使用分号 ; 来进行作为间隔符，直接使用cd命令也可以切换到相应的目录中，无需使用chdir ansible -i hosts bigops -m shell -a "cd /var/log/nginx; pwd; ls; tail -2 /etc/passwd" -b#使用shell模块，可直接创建用户，也就是无需使用 user 模块，shell模块可识别 echo 在线修改密码 ansible -i hosts bigops -m shell -a "useradd apper; echo 123456 | passwd --stdin apper" -b 192.168.31.225 | CHANGED | rc=0 > > Changing password for user apper. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

file 模块file模块主要为设定文件属性
```html/xml
#方法一
在目标主机/tmp/目录下创建ansible_dir空目录
ansible -i hosts bigops -m file -a " path=/tmp/ansible_dir state=directory"
#方法二
在目标主机/tmp/ansible_dir/目录下创建ansible_txt空文件
ansible -i hosts bigops -m file -a " path=/tmp/ansible_dir/ansible_txt state=file"
但是使用file来创建空文件则报错，我们可以使用copy中的content来写入一个空文件，具体如下
ansible -i hosts bigops -m copy -a " content= dest=/tmp/ansible_dir/ansible_txt"
#方法三
使用file模块来为目标主机创建符号链接
ansible -i hosts bigops -m file -a " src=https://www.songbingjia.com/tmp/ansible_dir/ansible_txt path=/ansible_txt state=link" -b
源文件为/tmp/ansible_dir/ansible_txt，链接至/ansible_txt

###### cron 模块 cron模块主要是为目标主机来创建任务计划 ```html/xml #创建任务计划 ansible -i hosts bigops -m cron -a "minute=01 hour=00 day=* month=* weekday=* job=/sbin/ntpdate ntp2.aliyun.com; hwclock -w name=Clock synchronization user=micvs state=present" #参数详解： minute==分 hour==时 day==日 month==月 weekday==周 job=任务 name==任务计划名称 user==指定用户添加crontab state=值为present，则添加任务计划，值为absent则删除任务计划#查看定义的任务计划 [micvs@abcops_cmdb01 ~]$ crontab -l #Ansible: Clock synchronization 01 00 * * * /sbin/ntpdate ntp2.aliyun.com; hwclock -w#删除任务计划删除任务计划必须要指定任务计划名称，方可删除，否则删除失败 ansible -i hosts bigops -m cron -a "name=Clock synchronization state=absent user=micvs" 删除用户为micvs的名称为Clock synchronization的任务计划

yum 模块yum模块主要是在目标主机上进行yum软件安装/卸载等操作
```html/xml
ansible -i hosts bigops -m yum -a name=htopstate=latest disable_gpg_check=yes -b
ansible -i hosts bigops -m yum -a name=httpd state=latest disable_gpg_check=yes -b
#参数解释
name：安装软件的名称
conf_file：指定远程主机yum源位置
state：安装状态，值如下
latest如果安装的软件存在则进行更新，如果不存在则安装最新版
present 如果安装的软件存在则不进行安装，如果不存在则安装
install 正常安装
absent删除软件包
removed卸载软件包
disable_gpg_check：关闭gpg_check
disablerepo：禁用某个yum源
enablerepo：启用某个yum仓库

###### service 模块 service模块主要用于管理linux主机上的服务 ```html/xml #启动目标主机上的httpd服务，是通过service启动的，在CentOS7上不可用 ansible -i hosts bigops -m yum -a "name=httpd state=startd enable=yes" -b#参数解释： name：指定服务名称 state：对当前服务执行启动，停止、重启、重新加载等操作（started,stopped,restarted,reloaded） enable：是否开机启动 yes|no