笃学金-Topic|笃学金-Topic 3-B19714-The Myth of Cyber-security-晨曦笃学金-Topic3-B19714-TheMythofCybe

day 8
Words and Expressions

1. derail: verb. / n (1) If a train derails or is derailed, it comes off the rail tracks.使（火车）出轨(2) to prevent a plan or process from succding. 阻挠eg.Renewed fighting threatens to derail the peace talks.

2. breach : n(1) tha act of breakinglaw, promise, aggreement, or relationship.破坏，违犯，违反，不履行eg. They feltthat our discussion with other companies constituted a breach of/in our agreement.be in breach of sth:to be breaking a particular law or rule 违反（法律或规章）eg. The theatre was in breach of the safety laws for having no fire doors. (2) a hole that is made in a wall or in another structure being used for protection during an attack （墙或防御工事上的）缺口eg. A cannon ball had made a breach in their castle walls.
Verb.(1) to break a law, promise, agreement, or relationship 破坏，违犯；违反eg. They breached the agreement they had made with their employer.(2) to make an opening in a wall or fence, especially in order to attack someone or something behind it（尤指为从背后突袭）在…上打开缺口eg. Their defences were easily breached.

3. extortion: N-UNCOUNT : the crime of obtaining something from someone, especially money, by using force or threats. 勒索，威胁eg. He has been charged with extortion and abusing his power.

4. prosthetics: N the branch of surgery concerned with prosthesis 修复学词根：prosthesis
n. prosthesis 假体；添字首音；prosthetist 修复学家prosthodontics 假牙修复学；假牙修复术（等于prosthodontia）

5. gadgetN-COUNT ： a small device or machine with a particular purpose 小器具；小装置；小玩意儿kitchen gadgets ：厨房器具
eg. Have you seen this handy little gadget - it's for separating egg yolks from whites.

6. insulin : a hormone in the body that controls the amount of sugar in the blood胰岛素

7. pacemaker noun [ C ](runner) also pacesetter:the person or animal that establishes the speed in a race, or a person or organization that is an example for others by being successful领跑人，领跑动物；带头人，标兵
pacemaker noun [ C ] (device)心脏起搏器

?8. vigilancenoun [ U ] more careful attention, especially in order to notice possible danger警觉；警戒；警惕
eg. The police said that it was thanks to the vigilance of a neighbour that the fire was discovered before it could spread.

9. wizardrynoun [ U ]
(1) the skill of a wizard 巫术，魔法 (2) clever or surprising ways of doing things, especially with special machines（尤指使用特殊机器的）奇妙方法
eg. Using their high-tech wizardry, the police were able to locate the owners of the stolen property within hours of it being seized.

10. paranoia n. an extreme and unreasonable feeling that other people do not like you or are going to harm or criticize you 疑神疑鬼，多疑
There's a lot of paranoia about crime at the moment.
[ U ] (2)妄想症；偏执狂

11. encryption: n 加密v. encrypt
data encryption数据加密encryption technology加密技术

12. hamper:v. to prevent someone doing something easily阻碍，妨碍
eg. Fierce storms have been hampering rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors.n. 食品盒；洗衣篮

13. gizmo noun [ C ] informal :any small device with a particular purpose 小装置；小玩意儿；小东西
eg. electronic gizmos小电子装置

14. botnet: N a network of computers infected by a program that communicates with its creator in order to send unsolicited emails, attack websites, etc 僵尸网络; 被一程序感染的计算机网络，该程序接收程序创建者指令，向互联网大量主机发送不请自来的邮件、攻击网络等

15. moot: verb (formal) : to suggest something for discussion 提出…供讨论 eg. The idea was first mooted as long ago as the 1840s.
adj.(1)often discussed or argued about but having no definite answer有讨论余地的；未决的eg. It's a moot point whether building more roads reduces traffic congestion.(2)(IN LAW)If a legal question is moot, it does not need to be dealt with, because something has happened that solves the issue. 无实际意义的
eg. The court's decision became moot when the defendant was found dead.noun [ C ] UK ? /mu?t/ US ? /mu?t/ specialized
n.（法学院学生的）模拟审判，模拟案件讨论a moot court模拟法庭

16. disclaimer noun [ C ]
(1) a formal statement saying that you are not legally responsible for something, such as the information given in a book or on the internet, or that you have no direct involvement in it 否认；否认声明
?(2) specialized law a formal statement giving up your legal claim to something or ending your connection with it 放弃书，弃权书

17. premium [ C ](1) an amount that is more than usual 奖金，津贴；加价；附加费eg. We're willing to pay a premium for the best location.
(2) an amount of money paid to get insurance保险费eg. Car insurance premiums have increased this year.

18. prod v & n
?(1) to push something or someone with your finger or with a pointed object（用手指、尖物等）刺，捅；戳eg. I prodded her in the back to get her attention.
(2) to encourage someone to take action, especially when they are being slow orunwilling激励，促使，敦促eg. He gets things done, but only after I've prodded him into doing them.

19. default verb: to fail to do something, such as pay a debt, that you legally have to dodefault on:拖欠，不履行债务；违约eg. People who default on their mortgage repayments may have their home repossessed.
N-UNCOUNT Default is also a noun. a. 不履行; 违约eg. The corporation may be charged with default on its contract with the government.b. A default situation is what exists or happens unless someone or something changes it. 原样的eg. He appeared unimpressed; but then, unimpressed was his default state.
c.In computing, the default is a particular set of instructions which the computer always uses unless the person using the computer gives other instructions. 默认值eg. The default setting on Windows Explorer will not show these files.d. by default : If something happens by default, it happens only because something else which might have prevented it or changed it has not happened. 在另外的可能性没有发生的情况下eg. I would rather pay the individuals than let the money go to the State by default.

20. excoriate: verb to write or say that a play, book, political action, etc. is very bad严厉指责，痛斥（戏剧、书、政治行为等）
eg. His latest novel received excoriating reviews.

【笃学金-Topic|笃学金-Topic 3-B19714-The Myth of Cyber-security-晨曦】21.lax: without much care, attention, or control马虎的；不严格的；不严厉的
eg. The subcommittee contends that the authorities were lax in investigating most of the casesDay 9 神词神句组：

day 9
神句神词组翻译& 思维导图
神句组：
1. It is tempting to believe that the security problem can be solved with yet more technical wizardry and a call for heightened vigilance.
人们不禁会认为只要运用科技的魔力，开发更多安全保护的应用，同时提醒用户提高警惕便可以解决网络安全的问题。
2. That requires a kind of cultivated paranoia which does not come naturally to non-tech firms.
要提高对安全性问题的重视需要培养一种发现安全隐患就要及时解决的意识，而这样的意识通常是非科技公司所不具备的。
3. Such weaknesses are compounded by the history of the internet, in which security was an afterthought.
人们最开始发明网络时并没有考虑到安全性问题，这也是造成计算机存在严重安全隐患的重要原因之一。
4. Computer security is best served by encryption that is strong for everyone.
使用一套对所有人通用的强大加密技术才能最好地提升计算机安全性能。
5. A firm that takes reasonable steps to make things safe, but which is compromised nevertheless, will have recourse to an insurance payout that will stop it from going bankrupt.
公司采取适当措施提高安全性能，但要避免破产最终还得向保险公司妥协。
6. But setting minimum standards still gets you only so far.
设立最低标准的目的也正在于此。
7. Silicon valley’s “go fast and break things” style of innovation is possible only if firms have relative free rein to put out new products while they still need perfecting.
对于硅谷来说，其“快速发展，不断突破”的创新方式只有在其尚不完善时却能获得较多的自主权不断推出自己新的产品这种情况下才有可能获得成功。
神词组：
Take security serious enough: 认真对待安全性问题
Take advantage of: 利用
Point of illicit entry: 非法入口
Create incentives for safer behavior:
Refrain from doing sth: 阻止/抑制……做某事
Spark calls for: 引发号召
Hamper the ability of: 削弱…..的能力
Oblige sb to do sth: 迫使某人做某事
Disclaim liability for: 否认对……负有责任
Draw comparisons to: 和…..比较
Lax attitude: 马虎的态度
Come down hard with: 严加管理
思维导图

笃学金-Topic|笃学金-Topic 3-B19714-The Myth of Cyber-security-晨曦

文章图片
day 10总结与反思
经过前两篇文章的洗礼，阅读第三篇文章时会明显感觉轻松了一些。虽然目前还没有发生质的改变，不过慢慢感觉自己的进步还是蛮有成就感的。整理词汇感觉越来越得心应手，格式调整了一下，瞬间顺眼一些了哈。画逻辑思维导图的时候也不会再抓耳挠腮，半天不知从何瞎逼，神句翻译练习的速度也加快了一些。但是问题依然存在，需要继续改进。我逻辑思维导图逻辑不够严密，有些地方扣的"帽子" 概括性、准确性还不够。今天听了笃师的音频，学到了一个一般思路，即“提出问题，解决问题，给出现状和未来趋势，一正一反交替论证法” ，感觉很有道理，打算下篇文章自己就去验证一下哈，哈哈。神句翻译，首先的理解好原文的意思。意思搞错了翻得再好也白搭。而且在翻译的时候一定要把句子放到文章中联系上下文，这样便于理解，有助于翻译。同时，在翻译时我还应该注意措辞表达，感觉自己的中文不够地道，怪别扭的。要继续好好补语文！先废话到这吧。再接再厉，只为遇见更好的自己！