数据库功能

Select .从指定表中取出指定的列的数据

  • 选出字段名” LastName”、” FirstName” 的数据
SELECT LastName,FirstName FROM Persons

Where .被用来规定一种选择查询的标准
  • 从” Persons”表中选出生活在” Sandnes” 的人
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE City='Sandnes'

And & Or .在WHERE子句中AND和OR被用来连接两个或者更多的条件
  • 用AND运算子来查找"Persons" 表中FirstName为”Tove”而且LastName为” Svendson”的数据
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName='Tove' AND LastName='Svendson'

  • 用OR运算子来查找"Persons" 表中FirstName为”Tove”或者LastName为” Svendson”的数据
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE firstname='Tove' OR lastname='Svendson'

  • 结合AND和OR (使用括号形成复杂的表达式)
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE (FirstName='Tove' OR FirstName='Stephen') AND LastName='Svendson'

Between…And .指定需返回数据的范围
  • 用BETWEEN…AND返回LastName为从”Hansen”到”Pettersen”的数据
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE LastName BETWEEN 'Hansen' AND 'Pettersen'

  • 显示指定范围之外的数据,也可以用NOT操作符
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE LastName NOT BETWEEN 'Hansen' AND 'Pettersen'

Distinct .DISTINCT关键字被用作返回唯一的值
  • 用DISTINCT关键字返回Company字段中唯一的值
SELECT DISTINCT Company FROM Orders

Order by .指定结果集的排序
  • 按照Company字段的升序方式返回结果集
SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders ORDER BY Company

  • 按照Company字段的降序方式返回结果集
SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders ORDER BY Company DESC

Group by.对结果集进行分组,常与汇总函数一起使用
  • 按照Company字段进行分组,求出每个Company的Amout的合计
SELECT Company,SUM(Amount) FROM Sales GROUP BY Company

Having .指定群组或汇总的搜寻条件
  • 按照Company字段进行分组,求出每个Company的Amout的合计在10000以上的数据
SELECT Company,SUM(Amount) FROM Sales GROUP BY Company HAVING SUM(Amount)>10000

Join .从两个或者以上的表中选取结果集时,你就会用到JOIN
  • 用Employees的ID和Orders的ID相关联选取数据
SELECT Employees.Name, Orders.Product FROM Employees, Orders WHERE Employees.ID = Orders.ID

Alias .可用在表、结果集或者列上,为它们取一个逻辑名称
  • 给列取别名
SELECT LastName AS Family, FirstName AS Name FROM Persons

Insert Into .在表中插入新行
  • 插入一行数据
INSERT INTO Persons VALUES ('Hetland', 'Camilla', 'Hagabakka 24', 'Sandnes')

Update .更新表中原有数据
  • 将Person表中LastName字段为”Rasmussen”的FirstName更新为”Nina”
UPDATE Person SET FirstName = 'Nina' WHERE LastName = 'Rasmussen'

Delete .删除表中的数据
  • 删除Person表中LastName为”Rasmussen”的数据
DELETE FROM Person WHERE LastName = 'Rasmussen'

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