Python语言实现科学计算器
本文实例为大家分享了Python语言实现科学计算器的具体代码,供大家参考,具体内容如下
自学Python语言一个月,还是小白,发一个科学计算器的代码,希望大家批评指正,共勉嘛。
【Python语言实现科学计算器】
文章图片
calculator.py
from tkinter import *from functools import partialfrom calculate import *# 生成计算器主界面def buju(root):menu = Menu(root)# 菜单submenu1 = Menu(menu, tearoff=0)# 分窗,0为在原窗,1为点击分为两个窗口menu.add_cascade(label='编辑', menu=submenu1)# 添加子选项(label参数为显示内容)submenu1.add_command(label='复制', command=lambda: bianji(entry, 'copy'))# 添加命令submenu1.add_command(label='剪切', command=lambda: bianji(entry, 'cut'))submenu1.add_command(label='粘贴', command=lambda: bianji(entry, 'paste'))submenu2 = Menu(menu, tearoff=0)menu.add_cascade(label='查看', menu=submenu2)submenu2.add_command(label='帮助', command=lambda: chakan(entry, 'help'))submenu2.add_command(label='作者', command=lambda: chakan(entry, 'author'))root.config(menu=menu)# 重新配置,添加菜单label = Label(root, width=29, height=1, bd=5, bg='#FFFACD', anchor='se',textvariable=label_text)# 标签,可以显示文字或图片label.grid(row=0, columnspan=5)# 布局器,向窗口注册并显示控件; rowspan:设置单元格纵向跨越的列数entry = Entry(root, width=23, bd=5, bg='#FFFACD', justify="right", font=('微软雅黑', 12))# 文本框(单行)entry.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=5, sticky=N + W + S + E, padx=5, pady=5)# 设置控件周围x、y方向空白区域保留大小myButton = partial(Button, root, width=5, cursor='hand2', activebackground='#90EE90')# 偏函数:带有固定参数的函数button_sin = myButton(text='sin', command=lambda: get_input(entry, 'sin('))# 按钮button_arcsin = myButton(text='arcsin', command=lambda: get_input(entry, 'arcsin('))button_exp = myButton(text='e', command=lambda: get_input(entry, 'e'))button_ln = myButton(text='ln', command=lambda: get_input(entry, 'ln('))button_xy = myButton(text='x^y', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '^'))button_sin.grid(row=2, column=0)button_arcsin.grid(row=2, column=1)button_exp.grid(row=2, column=2)button_ln.grid(row=2, column=3)button_xy.grid(row=2, column=4)button_shanyige = myButton(text='←', command=lambda: backspace(entry))# command指定按钮消息的回调函数button_shanquanbu = myButton(text=' C ', command=lambda: clear(entry))button_zuokuohao = myButton(text='(', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '('))button_youkuohao = myButton(text=')', command=lambda: get_input(entry, ')'))button_genhao = myButton(text='√x', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '√('))button_shanyige.grid(row=3, column=0)button_shanquanbu.grid(row=3, column=1)button_zuokuohao.grid(row=3, column=2)button_youkuohao.grid(row=3, column=3)button_genhao.grid(row=3, column=4)button_7 = myButton(text=' 7 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '7'))button_8 = myButton(text=' 8 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '8'))button_9 = myButton(text=' 9 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '9'))button_chu = myButton(text=' / ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '/'))button_yu = myButton(text='%', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '%'))button_7.grid(row=4, column=0)button_8.grid(row=4, column=1)button_9.grid(row=4, column=2)button_chu.grid(row=4, column=3)button_yu.grid(row=4, column=4)button_4 = myButton(text=' 4 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '4'))button_5 = myButton(text=' 5 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '5'))button_6 = myButton(text=' 6 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '6'))button_cheng = myButton(text=' * ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '*'))button_jiecheng = myButton(text='二进制', command=lambda: jinzhi(entry))button_4.grid(row=5, column=0)button_5.grid(row=5, column=1)button_6.grid(row=5, column=2)button_cheng.grid(row=5, column=3)button_jiecheng.grid(row=5, column=4)button_1 = myButton(text=' 1 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '1'))button_2 = myButton(text=' 2 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '2'))button_3 = myButton(text=' 3 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '3'))button_jian = myButton(text=' - ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '-'))button_dengyu = myButton(text=' \n = \n ', command=lambda: calculator(entry))button_1.grid(row=6, column=0)button_2.grid(row=6, column=1)button_3.grid(row=6, column=2)button_jian.grid(row=6, column=3)button_dengyu.grid(row=6, column=4, rowspan=2)# rowspan:设置单元格横向跨越的行数button_pai = myButton(text=' π ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, 'π'))button_0 = myButton(text=' 0 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '0'))button_xiaoshudian = myButton(text=' . ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '.'))button_jia = myButton(text=' + ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '+'))button_pai.grid(row=7, column=0)button_0.grid(row=7, column=1)button_xiaoshudian.grid(row=7, column=2)button_jia.grid(row=7, column=3)# 对文本框中的算式或答案进行复制、剪切或粘贴def bianji(entry, argu):""":param entry: 文本框:param argu: 按钮对应的值"""if argu == 'copy':entry.event_generate("<>")elif argu == 'cut':entry.event_generate("< >")clear(entry)elif argu == 'paste':entry.event_generate("<>")# 查看使用帮助和作者信息def chakan(entry, argu):root = Tk()root.resizable(0, 0)text = Text(root, width=20, height=2, bd=5, bg='#FFFACD', font=('微软雅黑', 12))text.grid(padx=5, pady=5)if argu == 'help':root.title('帮助')text.insert(INSERT, '这个计算器多简单!\n')text.insert(INSERT, '就别跟我要帮助了!')elif argu == 'author':root.title('作者')text.insert(INSERT, 'Author:冀梁栋\n')text.insert(INSERT, 'Time:2019-07-08')# 删除最后一次输入内容def backspace(entry):entry.delete(len(entry.get()) - 1)# 删除文本框的最后一个输入值# 删除所有输入内容和显示内容def clear(entry):entry.delete(0, END)# 删除文本框的所有内容label_text.set('')# 点击计算器输入按钮后向文本框中添加内容def get_input(entry, argu):formula = entry.get()for char in formula:if '\u4e00' <= char <= '\u9fa5':clear(entry)# 删除文本框中的汉字显示,减少手动删除操作entry.insert(INSERT, argu)# 使用END时,键盘敲入和按键输入组合操作会出错# 十进制整数转换为二进制整数def jinzhi(entry):try:formula = entry.get()if re.match('\d+$', formula):number = int(formula)cunchu = []# 放置每次除以2后的余数result = ''while number:cunchu.append(number % 2)number //= 2# 整数除法,返回商while cunchu:result += str(cunchu.pop())# 将所有余数倒置得到结果clear(entry)entry.insert(END, result)label_text.set(''.join(formula + '='))else:clear(entry)entry.insert(END, '请输入十进制整数')except:clear(entry)entry.insert(END, '出错')# 点击“=”后进行计算def calculator(entry):try:formula = entry.get()# 输入内容只是数字或π或e时,仍显示该内容if re.match('-?[\d+,π,e]\.?\d*$', formula):label_text.set(''.join(formula + '='))return# 输入内容是算式时,显示其计算结果result = final_calc(formula_format(formula))clear(entry)entry.insert(END, result)# 将结果输出到文本框中label_text.set(''.join(formula + '='))except:clear(entry)entry.insert(END, '出错')if __name__ == '__main__':root = Tk()# 生成窗口root.title('理正计算器')# 窗口的名字root.resizable(0, 0)# 窗口大小可调性,分别表示x,y方向的可变性global label_text# 定义全局变量label_text = StringVar()buju(root)root.mainloop()# 进入消息循环(必需组件),否则生成的窗口一闪而过
calculate.py
import refrom math import *# 将算式从字符串处理成列表,解决横杠是负号还是减号的问题def formula_format(formula):""":param formula: str"""formula = re.sub(' ', '', formula)# 去掉算式中的空格s# 以 '横杠数字' 分割, 其中正则表达式:(\-\d+\.?\d*) 括号内:# \- 表示匹配横杠开头;\d+ 表示匹配数字1次或多次;\.?表示匹配小数点0次或1次; \d*表示匹配数字0次或多次。formula_list = [i for i in re.split('(-[\d+,π,e]\.?\d*)', formula) if i]final_formula = []# 最终的算式列表for item in formula_list:# 算式以横杠开头,则第一个数字为负数,横杠为负号if len(final_formula) == 0 and re.match('-[\d+,π,e]\.?\d*$', item):final_formula.append(item)continue# 如果当前的算式列表最后一个元素是运算符['+', '-', '*', '/', '(', '%', '^'], 则横杠为减号if len(final_formula) > 0:if re.match('[\+\-\*\/\(\%\^]$', final_formula[-1]):final_formula.append(item)continue# 按照运算符分割开item_split = [i for i in re.split('([\+\-\*\/\(\)\%\^\√])', item) if i]final_formula += item_splitreturn final_formula# 判断是否是运算符,如果是返回Truedef is_operator(e):""":param e: str:return: bool"""opers = ['+', '-', '*', '/', '(', ')', '%', '^', '√', 'sin', 'arcsin', 'ln']return True if e in opers else False# 在for循环中嵌套使用if和else语句# 比较连续两个运算符来判断是压栈还是弹栈def decision(tail_op, now_op):""":param tail_op: 运算符栈的最后一个运算符:param now_op: 从算式列表取出的当前运算符:return: 1代表弹栈运算,0代表弹出运算符栈最后一个元素'(',-1表示压栈"""# 定义4种运算符级别rate1 = ['+', '-']rate2 = ['*', '/', '%']rate3 = ['^', '√', 'sin', 'arcsin', 'ln']rate4 = ['(']rate5 = [')']if tail_op in rate1:if now_op in rate2 or now_op in rate3 or now_op in rate4:return -1# 说明当前运算符优先级高于运算符栈的最后一个运算符,需要压栈else:return 1# 说明当前运算符优先级等于运算符栈的最后一个运算符,需要弹栈运算elif tail_op in rate2:if now_op in rate3 or now_op in rate4:return -1else:return 1elif tail_op in rate3:if now_op in rate4:return -1else:return 1elif tail_op in rate4:if now_op in rate5:return 0# '('遇上')',需要弹出'('并丢掉')',表明该括号内的算式已计算完成并将结果压入数字栈中else:return -1# 只要栈顶元素为'('且当前元素不是')',都应压入栈中# 传入两个数字,一个运算符,根据运算符不同返回相应结果def calculate(n1, n2, operator):""":param n1: float:param n2: float:param operator: + - * / % ^:return: float"""result = 0if operator == '+':result = n1 + n2if operator == '-':result = n1 - n2if operator == '*':result = n1 * n2if operator == '/':result = n1 / n2if operator == '%':result = n1 % n2if operator == '^':result = n1 ** n2return result# 括号内的算式求出计算结果后,计算√()、sin()或arcsin()def gaojie(op_stack, num_stack):if op_stack[-1] == '√':op = op_stack.pop()num2 = num_stack.pop()num_stack.append(sqrt(num2))elif op_stack[-1] == 'sin':op = op_stack.pop()num2 = num_stack.pop()num_stack.append(sin(num2))elif op_stack[-1] == 'arcsin':op = op_stack.pop()num2 = num_stack.pop()num_stack.append(asin(num2))elif op_stack[-1] == 'ln':op = op_stack.pop()num2 = num_stack.pop()num_stack.append(log(num2))# 负责遍历算式列表中的字符,决定压入数字栈中或压入运算符栈中或弹栈运算def final_calc(formula_list):""":param formula_list: 算式列表:return: 计算结果"""num_stack = []# 数字栈op_stack = []# 运算符栈for item in formula_list:operator = is_operator(item)# 压入数字栈if not operator:# π和e转换成可用于计算的值if item == 'π':num_stack.append(pi)elif item == '-π':num_stack.append(-pi)elif item == 'e':num_stack.append(e)elif item == '-e':num_stack.append(-e)else:num_stack.append(float(item))# 字符串转换为浮点数# 如果是运算符else:while True:# 如果运算符栈为空,则无条件入栈if len(op_stack) == 0:op_stack.append(item)break# 决定压栈或弹栈tag = decision(op_stack[-1], item)# 如果是-1,则压入运算符栈并进入下一次循环if tag == -1:op_stack.append(item)break# 如果是0,则弹出运算符栈内最后一个'('并丢掉当前')',进入下一次循环elif tag == 0:op_stack.pop()gaojie(op_stack, num_stack)# '('前是'√'、'sin'或'arcsin'时,对括号内算式的计算结果作相应的运算break# 如果是1,则弹出运算符栈内最后一个元素和数字栈内最后两个元素elif tag == 1:if item in ['√', 'sin', 'arcsin']:op_stack.append(item)breakop = op_stack.pop()num2 = num_stack.pop()num1 = num_stack.pop()# 将计算结果压入数字栈并接着循环,直到遇到break跳出循环num_stack.append(calculate(num1, num2, op))# 大循环结束后,数字栈和运算符栈中可能还有元素的情况while len(op_stack) != 0:op = op_stack.pop()num2 = num_stack.pop()num1 = num_stack.pop()num_stack.append(calculate(num1, num2, op))result = str(num_stack[0])# 去掉无效的0和小数点,例:1.0转换为1if result[len(result) - 1] == '0' and result[len(result) - 2] == '.':result = result[0:-2]return resultif __name__ == '__main__':# formula = "2 * ( 3 - 5 * ( - 6 + 3 * 2 / 2 ) )"formula = "arcsin ( 0 )"formula_list = formula_format(formula)result = final_calc(formula_list)print("算式:", formula)print("计算结果:", result)
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。
推荐阅读
- Android实现绚丽的自定义进度条
- python数据写入列表并导出折线图
- flutter实现底部抽屉效果
- 基于Python实现将列表数据生成折线图
- Vue实现验证码登录的方法实例
- javascript|javascript 实现富文本框选中对齐
- flutter实现底部导航栏
- Android实现环信修改头像和昵称
- JAVA实现发送短信
- C语言|C语言开发专题(56个案例)-程序设计 - 课程设计