centOS|centOS 7 离线安装 MySQL 5.6 完美安装 centOS7离线安装MySQL5.6完美安装

centOS 7 离线安装 MySQL 5.6

centOS 7 离线安装 MySQL 5.6

准备环境
【centOS|centOS 7 离线安装 MySQL 5.6 完美安装】1、离线 centOS 7（此处为 centOS 7 最小安装）
2、nginx 安装文件（mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 已放到下面的链接中，请自行下载或自己去官网下载最新版）
3、nginx 依赖包（目前已放到 lib 目录中，可自行下载）

目前所有安装所需要的包和依赖都可去以下地址自行根据所对应软件进行下载
https://gitee.com/livekeys/linux-offline-installation-software.git
一、卸载 mariadb

查询之前是否有 mariadb ，有就将其删除，并删除以前的配置文件 /etc/my.cnf

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb* mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs --nodeps [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb* [root@localhost ~]# rm -f /etc/my.cnf [root@localhost ~]#

二、安装依赖

将 lib 中的所有依赖上传到 linux 中，并用命令进行安装

[root@localhost lib]# yum -y localinstall *.rpm

三、安装 MySQL 5.6 1、解压并把文件复制到你想要安装的目录（此处我将 /opt/mysql 作为安装目录）

[root@localhost mysql_install]# tar -xzvf mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@localhost mysql_install]# ls libmysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@localhost mysql_install]# cp -R mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /opt/mysql [root@localhost mysql_install]# cd /opt/mysql [root@localhost mysql]# ls bindatadocsincludelibLICENSEmanmysql-testREADMEscriptssharesql-benchsupport-files

2、新建 mysql 组和 mysql 用户，并将 mysql 目录更换成 mysql 用户组

[root@localhost mysql]# groupadd mysql [root@localhost mysql]# useradd -g mysql mysql [root@localhost mysql]# cd .. [root@localhost opt]# ls mysql [root@localhost opt]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql [root@localhost opt]# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 13 mysql mysql 191 Mar 23 01:42 mysql [root@localhost opt]# cd mysql [root@localhost mysql]# ll total 224 drwxr-xr-x.2 mysql mysql4096 Mar 23 01:42 bin drwxr-xr-x.3 mysql mysql18 Mar 23 01:42 data drwxr-xr-x.2 mysql mysql55 Mar 23 01:42 docs drwxr-xr-x.3 mysql mysql4096 Mar 23 01:42 include drwxr-xr-x.3 mysql mysql4096 Mar 23 01:42 lib -rw-r--r--.1 mysql mysql 200256 Mar 23 01:42 LICENSE drwxr-xr-x.4 mysql mysql30 Mar 23 01:42 man drwxr-xr-x. 10 mysql mysql4096 Mar 23 01:42 mysql-test -rw-r--r--.1 mysql mysql566 Mar 23 01:42 README drwxr-xr-x.2 mysql mysql30 Mar 23 01:42 scripts drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql4096 Mar 23 01:42 share drwxr-xr-x.4 mysql mysql4096 Mar 23 01:42 sql-bench drwxr-xr-x.2 mysql mysql136 Mar 23 01:42 support-files

3、新建 /var/lib/mysql 目录用于存放 mysq.sock（也可以新建其他的目录），并将该目录所属组更改成 myql

[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql [root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql [root@localhost mysql]# ls -al /var/lib/mysql total 4 drwxr-xr-x.2 mysql mysql6 Mar 23 01:51 . drwxr-xr-x. 26 rootroot4096 Mar 23 01:51 ..

4、进入 mysql 安装目录，进行初始化 mysql

[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data Installing MySQL system tables...2022-03-23 01:53:51 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2022-03-23 01:53:51 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 0 [Note] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.51) starting as process 13346 ... 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created! 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait... 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.51 started; log sequence number 0 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] Binlog end 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977 OKFilling help tables...2022-03-23 01:53:53 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2022-03-23 01:53:53 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 0 [Note] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.51) starting as process 13368 ... 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.51 started; log sequence number 1625977 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] Binlog end 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2022-03-23 01:53:55 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987 OKTo start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your systemPLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:/opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password'Alternatively you can run:/opt/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installationwhich will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default.This is strongly recommended for production servers.See the manual for more instructions.You can start the MySQL daemon with:cd . ; /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.plcd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.plPlease report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/The latest information about MySQL is available on the web athttp://www.mysql.comSupport MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.comNew default config file was created as /opt/mysql/my.cnf and will be used by default by the server when you start it. You may edit this file to change server settings

4、复制和修改配置文件

[root@localhost mysql]# cp ./support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf [root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf [root@localhost mysql]# chmod 644 /etc/my.cnf

my.cnf 配置文件内容如下：（这里根据自己的需求修改其他配置）
注意以下几点：

socket 写上面我们第三步新建的那个目录
basedir 为 mysql 安装目录
datadir 为数据目录（这里是 mysql 安装目录下的 data 目录）

[mysql] # 设置mysql客户端默认字符集 default-character-set=utf8 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock[mysqld] skip-name-resolve #设置 13306 端口 port = 13306 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # 设置mysql的安装目录 basedir=/opt/mysql # 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录 datadir=/opt/mysql/data # 允许最大连接数 max_connections=200 # 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集 character-set-server=utf8 # 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎 default-storage-engine=INNODB lower_case_table_name=1 max_allowed_packet=16M

5、复制启动脚本到资源目录

[root@localhost mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld [root@localhost mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld [root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

6、修改启动脚本

[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

注：因为，我没有将 mysql 安装在 /usr/local/mysql 目录下，所以在启动文件里需要修改以下两个值

basedir=/opt/mysql datadir=/opt/mysql/data

7、将 mysqld 服务加入到系统服务里面

[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld [root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqldNote: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native systemd configuration.If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'. To see services enabled on particular target use 'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.mysqld0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off

8、使用命令 systemctl 启动 mysql 服务（Active 状态为 active (running) 即为启动成功）

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysql [root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysql ● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-03-23 02:11:17 EDT; 5s ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) Process: 13452 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service ├─13463 /bin/sh /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --pid-file=/opt/mysql/data/lo... └─13688 /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/opt/mys...Mar 23 02:11:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL... Mar 23 02:11:16 localhost.localdomain mysqld[13452]: Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/mysql/data/localhost....r'. Mar 23 02:11:17 localhost.localdomain mysqld[13452]: SUCCESS! Mar 23 02:11:17 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

9、将 mysql 客户端配置到环境变量中，并使配置生效

[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/profile # 在末尾增加以下两行 export MYSQL_HOME=/opt/mysql export PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH [root@localhost mysql]# source /etc/profile

10、测试是否能连接 mysql
注：第一次登录不需要密码，直接回车就行

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.51 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type 'help; ' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>

11、配置 root 账号的密码为 P@ssw0rd

mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed mysql> update user set password=password('P@ssw0rd') where user='root' and host='localhost'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1Changed: 1Warnings: 0

12、设置远程主机登录

mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'P@ssw0rd' with grant option; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

13、重启 mysqld 服务并测试登录

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysql [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.51 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type 'help; ' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database| +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql| | performance_schema | | test| +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

至此，已完成 mysql 5.6 的安装