Docker|Docker 部署 Prometheus的安装详细教程 Docker部署Prometheus的安装详细教

1.安装Node Exporter
2.安装cAdvisor
3.安装 Prometheus Server
4.创建运行Grafana
5.添加监控模板
6.键值查询
7.使用Prometheus监控
8.各个监控项的含义
9.Prometheus UI中Target表达式查询
10.安装blackbox_exporter
11.Docker部署nginx-module-vts模块
Docker 搭建 Consul集群（未完）

Docker 部署 Prometheus 说明：

监控端安装：
Prometheus Server(普罗米修斯监控主服务器 )
Node Exporter (收集Host硬件和操作系统信息)
cAdvisor (负责收集Host上运行的容器信息)
Grafana (展示普罗米修斯监控界面）

被监控安装：
Node Exporter (收集Host硬件和操作系统信息)
cAdvisor (负责收集Host上运行的容器信息)

1.安装Node Exporter

所有服务器安装
Node Exporter 收集系统信息，用于监控CPU、内存、磁盘使用率、磁盘读写等系统信息
–net=host，这样 Prometheus Server 可以直接与 Node Exporter 通信

docker run -d -p 9100:9100 \-v "/proc:/host/proc" \-v "/sys:/host/sys" \-v "/:/rootfs" \-v "/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime" \--net=host \prom/node-exporter \--path.procfs /host/proc \--path.sysfs /host/sys \--collector.filesystem.ignored-mount-points "^/(sys|proc|dev|host|etc)($|/)"[root@k8s-m1 ~]# docker ps|grep exporteree30add8d207prom/node-exporter"/bin/node_exporter …"About a minute agoUp About a minutecondescending_shirley

2.安装cAdvisor

所有服务器安装
cAdvisor 收集docker信息，用于展示docker的cpu、内存、上传下载等信息
–net=host，这样 Prometheus Server 可以直接与 cAdvisor 通信

docker run -d \-v "/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime" \--volume=/:/rootfs:ro \--volume=/var/run:/var/run:rw \--volume=/sys:/sys:ro \--volume=/var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro \--volume=/dev/disk/:/dev/disk:ro \--publish=18104:8080 \--detach=true \--name=cadvisor \--privileged=true \google/cadvisor:latest[root@k8s-m1 ~]# docker ps|grep cadvisorcf6af6118055google/cadvisor:latest"/usr/bin/cadvisor -…"38 seconds agoUp 37 seconds0.0.0.0:18104->8080/tcpcadvisor

可以进入容器查看：[root@agent ~]# sudo docker exec -it 容器id /bin/sh

3.安装 Prometheus Server 监控端安装
1）编辑配置文件

首先在本地创建 prometheus.yml 这是普罗米修斯的配置文件
将下方内容写入到文件中
将监听的地址改为自己本机地址

# my global configglobal:scrape_interval:15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.# scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).# Alertmanager configurationalerting:alertmanagers:- static_configs:- targets:# - alertmanager:9093# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.rule_files:# - "first_rules.yml"# - "second_rules.yml"# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:# Here it's Prometheus itself.scrape_configs:# The job name is added as a label `job=` to any timeseries scraped from this config.- job_name: 'prometheus'# metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'# scheme defaults to 'http'.static_configs:#监听的地址- targets: ['localhost:9090','172.23.0.241:8088','172.23.0.241:9090']

2）启动容器
1> prometheus.yml配置文件
prometheus.yml内需配置外网ip，内网ip除了本机，在grafana识别不到！

# my global configlobal:scrape_interval:15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.# scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).# Alertmanager configurationalerting:alertmanagers:- static_configs:- targets:# - alertmanager:9093# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.rule_files:# - "first_rules.yml"# - "second_rules.yml"# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:# Here it's Prometheus itself.scrape_configs:# The job name is added as a label `job=` to any timeseries scraped from this config.- job_name: 'prometheus'# metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'# scheme defaults to 'http'.static_configs:#监听的地址（此处为服务器内网ip）- targets: ['10.27.158.33:9090','10.27.158.33:9100','10.27.158.33:18104']- targets: ['10.29.46.54:9100','10.29.46.54:18104']- targets: ['10.27.163.172:9100','10.27.163.172:18104']#- job_name: 'GitLab'#metrics_path: '/-/metrics'#static_configs:#- targets: ['172.23.0.241:10101']- job_name: 'jenkins'metrics_path: '/prometheus/'scheme: httpbearer_token: bearer_tokenstatic_configs:- targets: ['172.23.0.242:8080']- job_name: "Nginx"metrics_path: '/status/format/prometheus'static_configs:- targets: ['172.23.0.242:8088']

2>启动命令
–net=host，这样 Prometheus Server 可以直接与 Exporter 和 Grafana 通

docker run -d -p 9090:9090 \-v /root/Prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \-v "/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime" \--name prometheus \--net=host \prom/prometheus:latest# 当Prometheus容器启动成功后访问# PS：服务器需开启eth0的外网端口，才可用浏览器访问 9090 0.0.0.0106.15.0.11:9090

4.创建运行Grafana

监控服务器安装
用于图像化显示

docker run -d -i -p 3000:3000 \-v "/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime" \-e "GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL=http://grafana.server.name" \-e "GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin8888" \--net=host \grafana/grafana# PS：服务器需开启eth0的外网端口，才可用浏览器访问：3000 0.0.0.0Grafana启动后，在浏览器中打开 172.23.0.241:3000 登录界面，登录：用户名：admin 密码：admin8888

1）添加普罗米修斯服务器

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然后为添加好的数据源做图形显示

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5.添加监控模板

自己手工创建dashboard有点困难，可以借助开元的力量访问 [监控模板地址]https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards将会看到很多用于监控 Docker 的 Dashboard。监控模板地址(多种监控模板根据自己需求下载不同的模板)
监控模板地址
有些dashboard可以下载后直接导入，而有些需要修改后再导入，需要看dashboard的overview
最后效果

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这时候可以自己选择编译对应的模板，在prometheus上取值
传到grafana上。就可以了。挺好用的！

6.键值查询通过指标 io_namespace_http_requests_total 我们可以：

查询应用的请求总量 sum(io_namespace_http_requests_total)查询每秒Http请求量 sum(rate(io_wise2c_gateway_requests_total[5m]))查询当前应用请求量Top N的URI topk(10, sum(io_namespace_http_requests_total) by (path))

配置Prometheus监控Nginx

1、需给Nginx安装两个模块，才可用Prometheus来监控：nginx-module-vts、geoip
2、思路：原来无论是编译、还是yum装的nginx，都需要下载同版本的tar包，基于原来安装选项的基础上，增加以上两个模块选项，进行编译安装，来替换原来的nginx，最终将原nginx目录的配置文件如nginx.conf文件、conf.d目录再移动到编译安装后的nignx目录内，最后启动nginx即可。

这里官方源安装：
1）配置官方源

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo[nginx-stable]name=nginx stable repobaseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/gpgcheck=1enabled=1gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.keymodule_hotfixes=true

2）安装依赖

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ autoconf pcre pcre-devel make automake wget httpd-tools vim tree

3）安装nginx

[root@web01 ~]# yum install -y nginx

4）配置nginx

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.confuser www;

5）启动服务

1.方法一：直接启动如果有报错==》重大错误，80端口有占用==》查看占用端口的服务HTTPD，停掉，在重启nginx[root@web01 ~]# systemctl start nginx2.方法二：[root@web01 ~]# nginx

1.查看当前Nginx安装选项

[root@db01 nginx-1.12.2]# nginx -V[root@db01 nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-debug --with-file-aio --with-google_perftools_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-threads --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E'

2.准备模块

# 下载、解压新包[root@k8s-n1 packages]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz[root@k8s-n1 packages]# tar xf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz#克隆下载 nginx-module-vts 模块[root@k8s-n1 packages]# git clone https://github.com/vozlt/nginx-module-vts# .安装GeoIP模块[root@k8s-n1 packages]# yum -y install epel-release geoip-devel

3.停止Nginx服务

# 停止nginx服务[root@k8s-n1 packages]# nginx -s stop# 备份原nginx启动文件[root@k8s-n1 packages]# which nginx/usr/sbin/nginx[root@k8s-n1 packages]# mv /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx.bak# 备份原nignx目录[root@k8s-n1 packages]# mv /etc/nginx nginx-1.12.2.bak

4.编译安装
1> 安装所需依赖

编译安装时可能会出现 `make: *** 没有规则可以创建“default”需要的目标“build”。停止`的报错，是因为缺少依赖导致# 管他三七21，装一波儿在进行编译，否则装完依赖还得重新./configure ~yum install -y gcc gcc++ bash-completion vim lrzsz wget expect net-tools nc nmap tree dos2unix htop iftop iotop unzip telnet sl psmisc nethogs glances bc pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel libxml2 libxml2-dev libxslt-devel gd gd-devel perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed GeoIP GeoIP-devel GeoIP-data pcre-devel

2> 编译安装

进入刚刚解压的nginx目录，编译安装
基于原来安装参数，尾部追加连个参数

–add-module=/root/packages/nginx-module-vts
–with-http_geoip_module

[root@db01 nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-debug --with-file-aio --with-google_perftools_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-threads --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E' --add-module=/root/package/nginx-module-vts --with-http_geoip_module

# 编译安装# -j 多核编译（配置低的不建议使用此参数，会卡住~）[root@k8s-n1 nginx-1.12.2]# make -j && make install

5.配置Nginx

[root@k8s-n1 packages]# cp -r nginx-1.12.2.bak/conf.d/ /etc/nginx/[root@k8s-n1 packages]# cp -r nginx-1.12.2.bak/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/[root@k8s-n1 packages]# rm -f /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

配置Nginx配置文件
http层
server层

···http { ···include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; ##################### 1.http层：添加三行配置 ##################### vhost_traffic_status_zone; vhost_traffic_status_filter_by_host on; geoip_country /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIP.dat; ##################### 2.server层：指定server层端口号，建议8088端口，不冲突直接复制粘贴即可#####################server {listen8088; server_namelocalhost; # 以下vhost配置写在此location内location /status {vhost_traffic_status on; # 流量状态，默认即为on，可不写此行vhost_traffic_status_display; vhost_traffic_status_display_format html; vhost_traffic_status_filter_by_set_key $uri uri::$server_name; #每个uri访问量vhost_traffic_status_filter_by_set_key $geoip_country_code country::$server_name; #不同国家/区域请求量vhost_traffic_status_filter_by_set_key $status $server_name; #http code统计vhost_traffic_status_filter_by_set_key $upstream_addr upstream::backend; #后端>转发统计vhost_traffic_status_filter_by_set_key $remote_port client::ports::$server_name; #请求端口统计vhost_traffic_status_filter_by_set_key $remote_addr client::addr::$server_name; #请求IP统计location ~ ^/storage/(.+)/.*$ {set $volume $1; vhost_traffic_status_filter_by_set_key $volume storage::$server_name; #请求路径统计}}}##################### server层：可新建一个server，或在原有的不打紧的配置上修改也可以#####################}

6.启动Nginx

[root@k8s-n1 packages]# nginx[root@k8s-n1 packages]# netstat -lntp|grep nginxtcp00 0.0.0.0:800.0.0.0:*LISTEN62214/nginx: master tcp00 0.0.0.0:80880.0.0.0:*LISTEN62214/nginx: master 浏览器访问： 172.23.0.243:80# nginx 默认官方页面 172.23.0.243:8088/status # nignx 监控项页面

【Docker|Docker 部署 Prometheus的安装详细教程】

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7.使用Prometheus监控

prometheus服务端配置prometheus.yml，并重启prometheus容器
metrics_path：定义接口后缀类型，默认为/metrics
即我们输入ip+端口后，浏览器会自动追加/metrics后缀

[root@k8s-m1 ~]# vim prometheus.yml···scrape_configs:- job_name: "Nginx"metrics_path: '/status/format/prometheus'static_configs:- targets: ['172.23.0.243:8088']···[root@k8s-m1 ~]# docker restart prometheus# 此时进入prometheus管理页面，则能查询nginx的监控项

8.各个监控项的含义 Nginx-module-vts提供了多种监控项，了解监控项含义，有助于帮助自己生成需要的图表

# HELP nginx_vts_info Nginx info# TYPE nginx_vts_info gaugenginx_vts_info{hostname="hbhly_21_205",version="1.16.1"} 1# HELP nginx_vts_start_time_seconds Nginx start time# TYPE nginx_vts_start_time_seconds gaugenginx_vts_start_time_seconds 1584268136.439# HELP nginx_vts_main_connections Nginx connections# TYPE nginx_vts_main_connections gauge# 区分状态的nginx连接数nginx_vts_main_connections{status="accepted"} 9271nginx_vts_main_connections{status="active"} 7nginx_vts_main_connections{status="handled"} 9271nginx_vts_main_connections{status="reading"} 0nginx_vts_main_connections{status="requests"} 438850nginx_vts_main_connections{status="waiting"} 6nginx_vts_main_connections{status="writing"} 1# HELP nginx_vts_main_shm_usage_bytes Shared memory [ngx_http_vhost_traffic_status] info# TYPE nginx_vts_main_shm_usage_bytes gauge# 内存使用量nginx_vts_main_shm_usage_bytes{shared="max_size"} 1048575nginx_vts_main_shm_usage_bytes{shared="used_size"} 24689nginx_vts_main_shm_usage_bytes{shared="used_node"} 7# HELP nginx_vts_server_bytes_total The request/response bytes# TYPE nginx_vts_server_bytes_total counter# HELP nginx_vts_server_requests_total The requests counter# TYPE nginx_vts_server_requests_total counter# HELP nginx_vts_server_request_seconds_total The request processing time in seconds# TYPE nginx_vts_server_request_seconds_total counter# HELP nginx_vts_server_request_seconds The average of request processing times in seconds# TYPE nginx_vts_server_request_seconds gauge# HELP nginx_vts_server_request_duration_seconds The histogram of request processing time# TYPE nginx_vts_server_request_duration_seconds histogram# HELP nginx_vts_server_cache_total The requests cache counter# TYPE nginx_vts_server_cache_total counter# 分Host的进出流量nginx_vts_server_bytes_total{host="10.160.21.205",direction="in"} 22921464nginx_vts_server_bytes_total{host="10.160.21.205",direction="out"} 1098196005# 分状态码的请求数量统计 1** 2** 3** 4** 5**nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="10.160.21.205",code="1xx"} 0nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="10.160.21.205",code="2xx"} 86809nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="10.160.21.205",code="3xx"} 0nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="10.160.21.205",code="4xx"} 2nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="10.160.21.205",code="5xx"} 0nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="10.160.21.205",code="total"} 86811# 响应时间nginx_vts_server_request_seconds_total{host="10.160.21.205"} 0.000nginx_vts_server_request_seconds{host="10.160.21.205"} 0.000# 分状态的缓存的统计nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="10.160.21.205",status="miss"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="10.160.21.205",status="bypass"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="10.160.21.205",status="expired"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="10.160.21.205",status="stale"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="10.160.21.205",status="updating"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="10.160.21.205",status="revalidated"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="10.160.21.205",status="hit"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="10.160.21.205",status="scarce"} 0nginx_vts_server_bytes_total{host="devapi.feedback.test",direction="in"} 3044526nginx_vts_server_bytes_total{host="devapi.feedback.test",direction="out"} 41257028# 分状态的连接数的统计nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="devapi.feedback.test",code="1xx"} 0nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="devapi.feedback.test",code="2xx"} 3983nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="devapi.feedback.test",code="3xx"} 0nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="devapi.feedback.test",code="4xx"} 24nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="devapi.feedback.test",code="5xx"} 11nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="devapi.feedback.test",code="total"} 4018nginx_vts_server_request_seconds_total{host="devapi.feedback.test"} 327.173nginx_vts_server_request_seconds{host="devapi.feedback.test"} 0.000# nginx缓存计算器，精确到状态和typenginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="devapi.feedback.test",status="miss"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="devapi.feedback.test",status="bypass"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="devapi.feedback.test",status="expired"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="devapi.feedback.test",status="stale"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="devapi.feedback.test",status="updating"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="devapi.feedback.test",status="revalidated"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="devapi.feedback.test",status="hit"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="devapi.feedback.test",status="scarce"} 0nginx_vts_server_bytes_total{host="testapi.feedback.test",direction="in"} 55553573nginx_vts_server_bytes_total{host="testapi.feedback.test",direction="out"} 9667561188nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="testapi.feedback.test",code="1xx"} 0nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="testapi.feedback.test",code="2xx"} 347949nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="testapi.feedback.test",code="3xx"} 31nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="testapi.feedback.test",code="4xx"} 7nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="testapi.feedback.test",code="5xx"} 33nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="testapi.feedback.test",code="total"} 348020nginx_vts_server_request_seconds_total{host="testapi.feedback.test"} 2185.177nginx_vts_server_request_seconds{host="testapi.feedback.test"} 0.001nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="testapi.feedback.test",status="miss"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="testapi.feedback.test",status="bypass"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="testapi.feedback.test",status="expired"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="testapi.feedback.test",status="stale"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="testapi.feedback.test",status="updating"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="testapi.feedback.test",status="revalidated"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="testapi.feedback.test",status="hit"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="testapi.feedback.test",status="scarce"} 0nginx_vts_server_bytes_total{host="*",direction="in"} 81519563nginx_vts_server_bytes_total{host="*",direction="out"} 10807014221# 分host请求数量统计nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="*",code="1xx"} 0nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="*",code="2xx"} 438741nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="*",code="3xx"} 31nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="*",code="4xx"} 33nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="*",code="5xx"} 44nginx_vts_server_requests_total{host="*",code="total"} 438849nginx_vts_server_request_seconds_total{host="*"} 2512.350nginx_vts_server_request_seconds{host="*"} 0.007# 分host缓存统计nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="*",status="miss"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="*",status="bypass"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="*",status="expired"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="*",status="stale"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="*",status="updating"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="*",status="revalidated"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="*",status="hit"} 0nginx_vts_server_cache_total{host="*",status="scarce"} 0# HELP nginx_vts_upstream_bytes_total The request/response bytes# TYPE nginx_vts_upstream_bytes_total counter# HELP nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total The upstream requests counter# TYPE nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total counter# HELP nginx_vts_upstream_request_seconds_total The request Processing time including upstream in seconds# TYPE nginx_vts_upstream_request_seconds_total counter# HELP nginx_vts_upstream_request_seconds The average of request processing times including upstream in seconds# TYPE nginx_vts_upstream_request_seconds gauge# HELP nginx_vts_upstream_response_seconds_total The only upstream response processing time in seconds# TYPE nginx_vts_upstream_response_seconds_total counter# HELP nginx_vts_upstream_response_seconds The average of only upstream response processing times in seconds# TYPE nginx_vts_upstream_response_seconds gauge# HELP nginx_vts_upstream_request_duration_seconds The histogram of request processing time including upstream# TYPE nginx_vts_upstream_request_duration_seconds histogram# HELP nginx_vts_upstream_response_duration_seconds The histogram of only upstream response processing time# TYPE nginx_vts_upstream_response_duration_seconds histogram# 分upstream流量统计nginx_vts_upstream_bytes_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.144.227.162:80",direction="in"} 12296nginx_vts_upstream_bytes_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.144.227.162:80",direction="out"} 13582924nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.144.227.162:80",code="1xx"} 0nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.144.227.162:80",code="2xx"} 25nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.144.227.162:80",code="3xx"} 0nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.144.227.162:80",code="4xx"} 0nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.144.227.162:80",code="5xx"} 0nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.144.227.162:80",code="total"} 25nginx_vts_upstream_request_seconds_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.144.227.162:80"} 1.483nginx_vts_upstream_request_seconds{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.144.227.162:80"} 0.000nginx_vts_upstream_response_seconds_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.144.227.162:80"} 1.484nginx_vts_upstream_response_seconds{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.144.227.162:80"} 0.000nginx_vts_upstream_bytes_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.152.218.149:80",direction="in"} 12471nginx_vts_upstream_bytes_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.152.218.149:80",direction="out"} 11790508nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.152.218.149:80",code="1xx"} 0nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.152.218.149:80",code="2xx"} 24nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.152.218.149:80",code="3xx"} 0nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.152.218.149:80",code="4xx"} 0nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.152.218.149:80",code="5xx"} 0nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.152.218.149:80",code="total"} 24nginx_vts_upstream_request_seconds_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.152.218.149:80"} 1.169nginx_vts_upstream_request_seconds{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.152.218.149:80"} 0.000nginx_vts_upstream_response_seconds_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.152.218.149:80"} 1.168nginx_vts_upstream_response_seconds{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.152.218.149:80"} 0.000nginx_vts_upstream_bytes_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8081",direction="in"} 3036924nginx_vts_upstream_bytes_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8081",direction="out"} 33355357nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8081",code="1xx"} 0nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8081",code="2xx"} 3971nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8081",code="3xx"} 0nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8081",code="4xx"} 24nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8081",code="5xx"} 11nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8081",code="total"} 4006nginx_vts_upstream_request_seconds_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8081"} 326.427nginx_vts_upstream_request_seconds{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8081"} 0.000nginx_vts_upstream_response_seconds_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8081"} 300.722nginx_vts_upstream_response_seconds{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8081"} 0.000nginx_vts_upstream_bytes_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8082",direction="in"} 55536408nginx_vts_upstream_bytes_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8082",direction="out"} 9650089427nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8082",code="1xx"} 0nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8082",code="2xx"} 347912nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8082",code="3xx"} 31nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8082",code="4xx"} 7nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8082",code="5xx"} 33nginx_vts_upstream_requests_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8082",code="total"} 347983nginx_vts_upstream_request_seconds_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8082"} 2183.271nginx_vts_upstream_request_seconds{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8082"} 0.001nginx_vts_upstream_response_seconds_total{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8082"} 2180.893nginx_vts_upstream_response_seconds{upstream="::nogroups",backend="10.160.21.205:8082"} 0.001

9.Prometheus UI中Target表达式查询 1）CAdvisor中获取的典型监控指标

指标名称	类型	含义
container_cpu_load_average_10s	gauge	过去10秒内容器CPU的平均负载
container_cpu_usage_seconds_total	counter	容器在每个CPU内核上的累积占用时间 (单位：秒)
container_cpu_system_seconds_total	counter	System CPU累积占用时间（单位：秒）
container_cpu_user_seconds_total	counter	User CPU累积占用时间（单位：秒）
container_fs_usge_bytes	gauge	容器中文件系统的使用量(单位：字节)
container_network_receive_bytes_total	counter	容器网络累计接受数据总量（单位: 字节）
container_network_transmit_bytes_total	counter	容器网络累计传输数据总量（单位: 字节）

2）容器相关

# 容器的CPU使用率sum(irate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{image!=""}[1m])) without (cpu)# 容器内存使用量（单位: 字节）container_memory_usage_bytes{image!=""}# 容器网络接收量速率（单位: 字节/秒）sum(rate(container_network_receive_bytes_total{image!=""}[1m])) without (interface)# 容器网络传输量速率sum(rate(container_network_transmit_bytes_total{image!=""}[1m])) without (interface)# 容器文件系统读取速率sum(rate(container_fs_reads_bytes_total{image!=""}[1m])) without (device)# 容器文件系统写入速率（单位: 字节/秒）sum(rate(container_fs_writes_bytes_total{image!=""}[1m])) without (device)

3）http相关

# HTTP请求总数prometheus_http_requests_total# HTTP请求持续时间秒桶prometheus_http_request_duration_seconds_bucket# HTTP请求持续时间秒数计数prometheus_http_request_duration_seconds_count# HTTP请求持续时间秒数之和prometheus_http_request_duration_seconds_sum# HTTP响应大小字节prometheus_http_response_size_bytes_bucket# HTTP响应大小字节计数计数prometheus_http_response_size_bytes_count# HTTP响应大小字节的总和prometheus_http_response_size_bytes_sum

4）Nginx相关

# Nginxvts过滤字节总数nginx_vts_filter_bytes_total# Nginx VTS过滤器缓存总数nginx_vts_filter_cache_total# Nginx VTS过滤请求秒数nginx_vts_filter_request_seconds# Nginx VTS过滤器请求总秒数nginx_vts_filter_request_seconds_total# Nginx VTS过滤器请求总数nginx_vts_filter_requests_total# nginx信息nginx_vts_info# Nginx VTS主连接nginx_vts_main_connections# Nginx VTS主SHM使用字节nginx_vts_main_shm_usage_bytes# Nginx VTS服务器字节总数nginx_vts_server_bytes_total# Nginx VTS服务器缓存总数nginx_vts_server_cache_total# Nginx_vts服务器请求秒nginx_vts_server_request_seconds# Nginx_vts服务器请求总秒数nginx_vts_server_request_seconds_total# Nginx_vts服务总请求数nginx_vts_server_requests_total# Nginx VTS开始时间秒数nginx_vts_start_time_seconds

10.安装blackbox_exporter

blackbox收集服务状态信息，如判断服务http请求是否返回200继而报警
blackbox_exporter是Prometheus 官方提供的 exporter 之一，可以提供 http、dns、tcp、icmp 的监控数据采集

功能：HTTP 测试定义 Request Header 信息判断 Http status / Http Respones Header / Http Body 内容TCP 测试业务组件端口状态监听应用层协议定义与监听ICMP 测试主机探活机制 POST 测试接口联通性 SSL 证书过期时间# 下载、解压[root@11 Prometheus]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.14.0/blackbox_exporter-0.14.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz[root@11 Prometheus]# tar -xvf blackbox_exporter-0.14.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz[root@11 Prometheus]# mv blackbox_exporter-0.14.0.linux-amd64 /usr/local/blackbox_exporter# 查看安装是否成功[root@11 Prometheus]# /usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter --versionblackbox_exporter, version 0.14.0 (branch: HEAD, revision: bba7ef76193948a333a5868a1ab38b864f7d968a)build user:root@63d11aa5b6c6build date:20190315-13:32:31go version:go1.11.5# 加入systemd管理[root@11 Prometheus]# cat /usr//lib/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service[Unit]Description=blackbox_exporter [Service]User=rootType=simpleExecStart=/usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter --config.file=/usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.ymlRestart=on-failure[root@11 Prometheus]# # 启动[root@11 Prometheus]# systemctl daemon-reload[root@11 Prometheus]# systemctl enable --now blackbox_exporter

11.Docker部署nginx-module-vts模块由于yum安装的nginx，默认是没有nginx-module-vts模块的，需要下载对应的nginx源码，进行重新编译才行。

Docker 搭建 Consul集群（未完） 1.启动第一个consul服务：consul1

docker run --name consul1 -d -p 8500:8500 -p 8300:8300 -p 8301:8301 -p 8302:8302 -p 8600:8600 --restart=always consul:latest agent -server -bootstrap-expect 2 -ui -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0# 获取 consul server1 的 ip 地址docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' consul1172.17.0.2# PS:8500 http 端口，用于 http 接口和 web ui8300 server rpc 端口，同一数据中心 consul server 之间通过该端口通信8301 serf lan 端口，同一数据中心 consul client 通过该端口通信8302 serf wan 端口，不同数据中心 consul server 通过该端口通信8600 dns 端口，用于服务发现-bbostrap-expect 2: 集群至少两台服务器，才能选举集群leader-ui：运行 web 控制台-bind：监听网口，0.0.0.0 表示所有网口，如果不指定默认为127.0.0.1，则无法和容器通信-client ：限制某些网口可以访问

2.启动第二个consul服务：consul2，并加入consul1（使用join命令）

docker run -d --name consul2 -d -p 8501:8500 consul agent -server -ui -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0 -join 172.17.0.2docker run -d -p 8501:8500 --restart=always -v /XiLife/consul/data/server3:/consul/data -v /XiLife/consul/conf/server2:/consul/config -e CONSUL_BIND_INTERFACE='eth0' --privileged=true --name=consu2 consul agent -server -ui -node=consul2 -client='0.0.0.0' -datacenter=xdp_dc -data-dir /consul/data -config-dir /consul/config -join=172.17.0.2

3.启动第三个consul服务：consul3，并加入consul1

docker run --name consul3 -d -p 8502:8500 consul agent -server -ui -bind=0.0.0.0 -client=0.0.0.0 -join 172.17.0.2

4.查看运行的容器（consul集群状态）

[root@k8s-m1 consul]# docker exec -it consul1 consul membersNodeAddressStatusTypeBuildProtocolDCSegment013a4a7e74d2172.17.0.4:8301aliveserver1.10.02dc13c118fa83d47172.17.0.3:8301aliveserver1.10.02dc14b5123c97c2b172.17.0.5:8301aliveserver1.10.02dc1a7d272ad157a172.17.0.2:8301aliveserver1.10.02dc1

5.服务注册与剔除

接下来，我们要注册服务到 Consul 中，可以通过其提供的 API 标准接口来添加
那么先注册一个测试服务，该测试数据为本机 node-exporter 服务信息，服务地址及端口为 node-exporter 默认提供指标数据的地址，执行如下命令

# 注册241的 node-exporter 服务信息curl -X PUT -d '{"id": "node-exporter","name": "node-exporter-172.23.0.241","address": "172.23.0.241","port": 9100,"tags": ["prometheus"],"checks": [{"http": "http://172.23.0.241:9100/metrics", "interval": "5s"}]}'http://172.23.0.241:8500/v1/agent/service/register# 注册242的 node-exporter 服务信息将上面所有IP地址改为242的即可，端口不变

如果要注销掉某个服务，可以通过如下 API 命令操作，例如注销上边添加的 node-exporter 服务

curl -X PUT http://172.23.0.241:8500/v1/agent/service/deregister/node-exporter

附：升级Centos6内核

rpm -Uvh https://hkg.mirror.rackspace.com/elrepo/kernel/el6/x86_64/RPMS/elrepo-release-6-12.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpmyum源报错解决：找不到镜像源cd /etc/yum.repos.dmv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.backupwget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repomv CentOS6-Base-163.repo CentOS-Base.repoyum clean allwget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://file.kangle.odata.cc/repo/Centos-6.repowget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://file.kangle.odata.cc/repo/epel-6.repoyum makecache

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