iSCSI与multipath部署

概念:

  • Linux自带的多路径软件叫做multipath,指服务器通过多条物理路径连接到块存储设备。
  • 当因为主机HBA卡、线缆、交换机或者存储设备的RAID控制器故障等原因造成一条物理路径失效时,服务器可以将通过此物理路径的I/O转移到其他正常的物理路径上面,应用程序不会觉察到这种改变,从而提高系统的可用性。硬件方面需要服务器有2块或以上的HBA接口卡,网络上有两个或以上的交换机,块存储设备有两个或以上的冗余控制器,各个物理路径之间没有任何硬件相互依赖。多路径冗余I/O也可以实现I/O的负载均衡,提高系统性能,但主要还是一种容错机制。
一、服务端安装iscsi 1、安装iscsi
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install targetcli

2、配置iscsi
[root@localhost ~]# targetcli Warning: Could not load preferences file /root/.targetcli/prefs.bin. targetcli shell version 2.1.fb41 Copyright 2011-2013 by Datera, Inc and others. For help on commands, type 'help'.# 步骤1:建立一个块存储,(名称yzl:storage1可自定义),/dev/sdb为新建的分区名称。 /> /backstores/block create yzl:storage1 /dev/sdb Created block storage object yzl:storage1 using /dev/sdb.# 步骤2:配置ISCSITarget命名,注意:命名在同一子网内确保是唯一的,命名格式为:iqn.yyyy-mm.<主机名反写>:自定义名称(自定义名称内不能有下划线) /> /iscsi create iqn.2020-04.com.example:localhost Created target iqn.2020-04.com.example:localhost. Created TPG 1. Global pref auto_add_default_portal=true Created default portal listening on all IPs (0.0.0.0), port 3260.# 步骤3:创建ACL允许ISCSI客户机连接,注意:iqn.2020-04.com.example:localhost为客户机ISCSI名称。 /> /iscsi/iqn.2020-04.com.example:localhost/tpg1/acls create iqn.2020-04.com.example:客户机主机名 Created Node ACL for iqn.2020-04.com.example:localhost# 步骤4:创建lun(target块设备的逻辑单元) /> /iscsi/iqn.2020-04.com.example:localhost/tpg1/luns create /backstores/block/yzl:storage1 Created LUN 0. Created LUN 0->0 mapping in node ACL iqn.2020-04.com.example:localhost# 步骤5:创建ip与端口,注:192.18.13.30为服务器IP;不指定端口默认为3260,此步骤似乎可以省略。。。后续还有设置验证用户名和密码,以及查看配置信息,都可省略。# 退出 /> exit Global pref auto_save_on_exit=true Last 10 configs saved in /etc/target/backup. Configuration saved to /etc/target/saveconfig.json

二、客户端配置iscsi 1、安装并加入认证
[root@yzl ~]# yum -y install iscsi-initiator-utils [root@yzl ~]# vim /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi InitiatorName=iqn.2020-04.com.example:localhost

2、发现服务器端iscsi
[root@yzl ~]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 192.168.40.193 192.168.40.193:3260,1 iqn.2020-04.com.example:localhost [root@node2 multipath]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 172.16.100.56 172.16.100.56:3260,1 iqn.2020-04.com.example:node1

3、登录
[root@yzl ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2020-04.com.example:localhost -p 192.168.40.193 -l Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2020-04.com.example:localhost, portal: 192.168.40.193,3260] (multiple) Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2020-04.com.example:localhost, portal: 192.168.40.193,3260] successful.

4、连接iscsi设备
[root@yzl ~]# iscsiadm -m node --login

5、查看系统磁盘信息
[root@yzl ~]# fdisk -l# 或者lsblkDisk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ca9a5... ...Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 8192 cylinders Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 4194304 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000

三、multipath安装及配置(客户端) 1、安装multipath
[root@yzl ~]# yum -y install device-mapper-multipath [root@yzl ~]# modprobe dm-multipath# 命令初始化DM [root@yzl ~]# modprobe dm-round-robin# 命令初始化DM [root@yzl ~]# lsmod | grep dm_multipath dm_multipath177241 dm_round_robin dm_mod843379 dm_multipath,dm_mirror,dm_log[root@yzl ~]# rpm -ql device-mapper-multipath# 查看生成文件 [root@yzl ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9/multipath.conf /etc/# 也可以通过下面命令生成配置文件 [root@yzl ~]# mpathconf --enable

2、查看wwid
# 注意scsi_id命令的路径(/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id 或者 /lib/udev/scsi_id ) [root@yzl ~]# /usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/sdb -bash: /usr/lib/udev/scsi_id: 没有那个文件或目录 [root@yzl ~]# /lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --device=/dev/sdb 360014050939ee9c6b434831840535128

3、配置multipath
# vim修改配置文件如下: [root@yzl ~]# sed -n "/^\s*[^#\t].*$/p" /etc/multipath.conf# ed匹配非注释行和非空白行 defaults { user_friendly_names yes } multipaths { multipath { wwid360014050939ee9c6b434831840535128 aliasyzlpath1 path_grouping_policymultibus path_checkerreadsector0 path_selector"round-robin 0" failbackmanual rr_weightpriorities no_path_retry5 } }[root@yzl ~]# ls /dev/mapper/ controlvg_yzl-lv_rootvg_yzl-lv_swap [root@yzl ~]# service multipathd restart# 重启iscsid服务 ux_socket_connect: No such file or directory 正在关闭multipathd 端口监控程序:[失败] 正在启动守护进程multipathd:[确定] [root@yzl ~]# ls /dev/mapper/ controlvg_yzl-lv_rootvg_yzl-lv_swapyzlpath1# 发现yzlpath1

4、格式化挂载
[root@yzl ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/yzlpath1 meta-data=https://www.it610.com/dev/mapper/yzlpath1isize=256agcount=8, agsize=262144 blks =sectsz=512attr=2, projid32bit=0 data=bsize=4096blocks=2097152, imaxpct=25 =sunit=0swidth=0 blks naming=version 2bsize=4096ascii-ci=0 log=internal logbsize=4096blocks=2560, version=2 =sectsz=512sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =noneextsz=4096blocks=0, rtextents=0 [root@yzl ~]# df -h FilesystemSizeUsed Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_yzl-lv_root 18G11G6.0G64% / tmpfs931M76K931M1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1485M53M407M12% /boot /dev/sr03.8G3.8G0 100% /media/Asianux [root@yzl ~]# mkdir /iscsi [root@yzl ~]# mount /dev/mapper/yzlpath1 /iscsi/ [root@yzl ~]# df -h FilesystemSizeUsed Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_yzl-lv_root 18G11G6.0G64% / tmpfs931M76K931M1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1485M53M407M12% /boot /dev/sr03.8G3.8G0 100% /media/Asianux /dev/mapper/yzlpath18.0G33M8.0G1% /iscsi

5、查看状态
[root@yzl ~]# multipath -rr Apr 26 23:44:27 | multipath.conf line 67, invalid keyword: path_checker reload: yzlpath1 (360014050939ee9c6b434831840535128) undef LIO-ORG,yzl:storage1 size=8.0G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=undef `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=undef `- 3:0:0:0 sdb 8:16 active ready running [root@yzl ~]# multipath -ll Apr 26 23:44:30 | multipath.conf line 67, invalid keyword: path_checker yzlpath1 (360014050939ee9c6b434831840535128) dm-2 LIO-ORG,yzl:storage1 size=8.0G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw `-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=1 status=active `- 3:0:0:0 sdb 8:16 active ready running

四、multipath配置简介
可用的节关键字如下: - defaults:全局属性的默认设置。 - blacklist:黑名单,multipath会忽略黑名单中的设备。 - blacklist_exceptions:免除黑名单,加入黑名单内,但包含在这里的设备不会被忽略。 - multipaths:多路径相关配置。 - devices:存储设备相关配置。配置文件: uid_attribute:用udev的哪个属性唯一标识一个设备,默认值为ID_SERIAL path_grouping_policy###路径分组策略 - failover###一条路径一个组(默认值) - multibus###所有路径在一个组 - group_by_serial###根据序列号分组 - group_by_prio###根据优先级分组 - group_by_node_name###根据名字分组path_selector###I/O操作算法 - service-time 0###选择IO服务时间最短的路径(默认值) - round-robin 0###多个路径间不断循环 - queue-length 0###选择当前处理IO数最少的路径failback###回复失败管理 - immediate###立刻回复到活跃的优先级最高的组 - manual###不操作,需自行处理 - followover###第一个路径变为活动状态时应执行自动故障回复。 这可以防止节点在另一个节点请求故障转移时自动失败。no_path_retry###多少次后禁止排队 - fail###失败后就立刻失败,没有排队 - queue###一直进行排队,直到修复

五、常见问题: 1、ssh连接不上
[root@yzl ~]# ssh 192.168.40.193 root@192.168.40.193's password: Permission denied, please try again.

  • 可能原因之一:selinux限制。
    • ssh远程主机上的selinux设置为禁用或者宽松模式,或者放行ssh端口即可解决。
2、发现服务器失败
[root@yzl ~]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 192.168.40.193 iscsiadm: cannot make connection to 192.168.40.193: No route to host iscsiadm: cannot make connection to 192.168.40.193: No route to host iscsiadm: cannot make connection to 192.168.40.193: No route to host iscsiadm: cannot make connection to 192.168.40.193: No route to host iscsiadm: cannot make connection to 192.168.40.193: No route to host iscsiadm: cannot make connection to 192.168.40.193: No route to host iscsiadm: connection login retries (reopen_max) 5 exceeded iscsiadm: Could not perform SendTargets discovery: encountered connection failure

  • 可能原因之一:服务器防火墙设限。
    • 解决办法:关闭防火墙systemctl stop firewalld
3、补充:sed匹配非注释行和非空白行 【iSCSI与multipath部署】sed -n "/^\s*[^# \t].*$/p" "$file"

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