Python实现双轴组合图表柱状图和折线图的具体流程 Python实现双轴组合图表柱状图

Python绘制双轴组合的关键在plt库的twinx()函数，具体流程：
1.先建立坐标系，然后绘制主坐标轴上的图表；
2.再调用plt.twinx()方法；
3.最后绘制次坐标轴图表。

import cx_Oracleimport xlrdimport xlwtimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npfrom matplotlib.ticker import FuncFormatterplt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei']plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False#设置坐标轴数值以百分比(%)显示函数def to_percent(temp, position):return '%1.0f'%(1*temp) + '%'#字体设置font2 = {'family' : 'Times New Roman','weight' : 'normal','size': 25,}conn=cx_Oracle.connect('用户名/密码@IP:端口/数据库')c=conn.cursor()#sql查询语句，多行用()括起来sql_detail=("select substr(date1,6,10)date1,round(avg(r_qty))r_qty,round(avg(e_qty))e_qty,""round(avg(r_qty)/avg(e_qty),2)*100 userate,round(avg(uptime),2)*100 uptime from 表tp ""tp where 条件""group by date1 order by date1 ")x=c.execute(sql_detail)#获取sql查询数据data=https://www.it610.com/article/x.fetchall()#print(data)#新建Excel保存数据xl=xlwt.Workbook()ws=xl.add_sheet("ROBOT 30 DAYS MOVE ")#ws.write_merge(0,1,0,4,"ROBOT_30_DAYS_MOVE")for i,item in enumerate(data):for j,val in enumerate(item):ws.write(i,j,val)xl.save("E:\\ROBOT_30_DAYS_MOVE.xls")#读取Excel数据data1 = xlrd.open_workbook( "E:\\ROBOT_30_DAYS_MOVE.xls")sheet1=data1.sheet_by_index(0)date1=sheet1.col_values(0)r_qty=sheet1.col_values(1)e_qty=sheet1.col_values(2)userate=sheet1.col_values(3)uptime=sheet1.col_values(4)#空值处理for a in r_qty:if a=='':a=0for a in e_qty:if a=='':a=0for a in userate:if a=='':a=0for a in uptime:if a=='':a=0#将list元素str转int类型r_qty = list(map(int, r_qty))e_qty = list(map(int, e_qty))userate = list(map(int, userate))uptime = list(map(int, uptime))#添加平均值mean求平均r_qty.append(int(np.mean(r_qty))) e_qty.append(int(np.mean(e_qty))) userate.append(int(np.mean(userate))) uptime.append(int(np.mean(uptime))) date1.append('AVG')#x轴坐标x=np.arange(len(date1))bar_width=0.35plt.figure(1,figsize=(19,10))#绘制主坐标轴-柱状图plt.bar(np.arange(len(date1)),r_qty,label='RBT_MOVE',align='center',alpha=0.8,color='Blue',width=bar_width)plt.bar(np.arange(len(date1))+bar_width,e_qty,label='EQP_MOVE',align='center',alpha=0.8,color='orange',width=bar_width)#设置主坐标轴参数plt.xlabel('')plt.ylabel('Move',fontsize=18)plt.legend(loc=1, bbox_to_anchor=(0,0.97),borderaxespad = 0.) #plt.legend(loc='upper left')for x,y in enumerate(r_qty):plt.text(x,y+100,'%s' % y,ha='center',va='bottom')for x,y in enumerate(e_qty):plt.text(x+bar_width,y+100,'%s' % y,ha='left',va='top') plt.ylim([0,8000])#调用plt.twinx()后可绘制次坐标轴plt.twinx()#次坐标轴参考线target1=[90]*len(date1)target2=[80]*len(date1)x=list(range(len(date1)))plt.xticks(x,date1,rotation=45)#绘制次坐标轴-折线图plt.plot(np.arange(len(date1)),userate,label='USE_RATE',color='green',linewidth=1,linestyle='solid',marker='o',markersize=3)plt.plot(np.arange(len(date1)),uptime,label='UPTIME',color='red',linewidth=1,linestyle='--',marker='o',markersize=3)plt.plot(np.arange(len(date1)),target1,label='90%target',color='black',linewidth=1,linestyle='dashdot')plt.plot(np.arange(len(date1)),target2,label='80%target',color='black',linewidth=1,linestyle='dashdot')#次坐标轴刻度百分比显示plt.gca().yaxis.set_major_formatter(FuncFormatter(to_percent))plt.xlabel('')plt.ylabel('Rate',fontsize=18)#图列plt.legend(loc=2, bbox_to_anchor=(1.01,0.97),borderaxespad = 0.) plt.ylim([0,100])for x,y in enumerate(userate):plt.text(x,y-1,'%s' % y,ha='right',va='bottom',fontsize=14)for x,y in enumerate(uptime):plt.text(x,y+1,'%s' % y,ha='left',va='top',fontsize=14) plt.title("ROBOT 30 DAYS MOVE")#图表Table显示plt.table()listdata=https://www.it610.com/article/[r_qty]+[e_qty]+[userate]+[uptime]#数据table_row=['RBT_MOVE','EQP_MOVE','USE_RATE(%)','UPTIME(%)']#行标签table_col=date1#列标签print(listdata)print(table_row)print(table_col)the_table=plt.table(cellText=listdata,cellLoc='center',rowLabels=table_row,colLabels=table_col,rowLoc='center',colLoc='center')#Table参数设置-字体大小太小，自己设置the_table.auto_set_font_size(False)the_table.set_fontsize(12)#Table参数设置-改变表内字体显示比例，没有会溢出到表格线外面the_table.scale(1,3)#plt.show()plt.savefig(r"E:\\ROBOT_30_DAYS_MOVE.png",bbox_inches='tight')#关闭SQL连接c.close()conn.close()

结果显示：
【Python实现双轴组合图表柱状图和折线图的具体流程】