Spring|Spring Boot Actuator自定义健康检查教程

【Spring|Spring Boot Actuator自定义健康检查教程】健康检查是Spring Boot Actuator中重要端点之一,可以非常容易查看应用运行至状态。本文在前文的基础上介绍如何自定义健康检查。
1. 概述 本节我们简单说明下依赖及启用配置,展示缺省健康信息。首先需要引入依赖:

compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-actuator")

现在通过http://localhost:8080/actuator/health端点进行验证:
{"status":"UP"}

缺省该端点返回应用中很多组件的汇总健康信息,但可以修改属性配置展示详细内容:
management:endpoint:health:show-details: always

现在再次访问返回结果如下:
{"status": "UP","components": {"diskSpace": {"status": "UP","details": {"total": 214748360704,"free": 112483500032,"threshold": 10485760,"exists": true}},"ping": {"status": "UP"}}}

查看DiskSpaceHealthIndicatorProperties文件的源码:
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "management.health.diskspace")public class DiskSpaceHealthIndicatorProperties { /*** Path used to compute the available disk space.*/ private File path = new File("."); /*** Minimum disk space that should be available.*/ private DataSize threshold = DataSize.ofMegabytes(10); public File getPath() {return this.path; } public void setPath(File path) {this.path = path; } public DataSize getThreshold() {return this.threshold; } public void setThreshold(DataSize threshold) {Assert.isTrue(!threshold.isNegative(), "threshold must be greater than or equal to 0"); this.threshold = threshold; }}

上面结果显示当前项目启动的路径 . ,报警值 为10M ,这些属性都可以通过配置进行修改。
2. 预定义健康指标 上面Json响应显示“ping”和“diskSpace”检查。这些检查也称为健康指标,如果应用引用了数据源,Spring会增加db健康指标;同时“diskSpace”是缺省配置。
Spring Boot包括很多预定义的健康指标,下面列出其中一部分:
  • DataSourceHealthIndicator
  • MongoHealthIndicator
  • Neo4jHealthIndicator
  • CassandraHealthIndicator
  • RedisHealthIndicator
  • CassandraHealthIndicator
  • RabbitHealthIndicator
  • CouchbaseHealthIndicator
  • DiskSpaceHealthIndicator (见上面示例)
  • ElasticsearchHealthIndicator
  • InfluxDbHealthIndicator
  • JmsHealthIndicator
  • MailHealthIndicator
  • SolrHealthIndicator
如果在Spring Boot应用中使用Mongo或Solr等,则Spring Boot会自动增加相应健康指标。
3. 自定义健康指标 Spring Boot提供了一捆预定义健康指标,但并没有阻止你增加自己的健康指标。一般有两种自定义类型检查:
单个健康指标组件和组合健康指标组件。
3.1 自定义单个指标组件
自定义需要实现HealthIndicator接口并重新health()方法,同时增加@Component注解。假设示例应用程序与服务A(启动)和服务B(关闭)通信。如果任一服务宕机,应用程序将被视为宕机。因此,我们将写入两个运行状况指标。
@Componentpublic class ServiceAHealthIndicator implements HealthIndicator {private final String message_key = "Service A"; @Overridepublic Health health() {if (!isRunningServiceA()) {return Health.down().withDetail(message_key, "Not Available").build(); }return Health.up().withDetail(message_key, "Available").build(); }private Boolean isRunningServiceA() {Boolean isRunning = true; // Logic Skippedreturn isRunning; }}

@Componentpublic class ServiceBHealthIndicator implements HealthIndicator {private final String message_key = "Service B"; @Overridepublic Health health() {if (!isRunningServiceB()) {return Health.down().withDetail(message_key, "Not Available").build(); }return Health.up().withDetail(message_key, "Available").build(); }private Boolean isRunningServiceB() {Boolean isRunning = false; // Logic Skippedreturn isRunning; }}

现在,我们看到健康监控响应中增加的指标。ServerA状态是UP,ServiceB是DOWN,因此整个监控检测状态为DOWN.
{"status": "DOWN","components": {"diskSpace": {"status": "UP","details": {"total": 214748360704,"free": 112483229696,"threshold": 10485760,"exists": true}},"ping": {"status": "UP"},"serviceA": {"status": "UP","details": {"Service A": "Available"}},"serviceB": {"status": "DOWN","details": {"Service B": "Not Available"}}}}

3.2 自定义组合健康检查
前面示例很容易查看各个指标各自的状态。但有时需要基于几个指标查看资源的状态,则需要使用 HealthContributor ,该接口没有定义方法,仅用于标记。如果一个服务有另外两个动作组合进行实现,只有两者同时工作该服务状态才算正常。最后使用 CompositeHealthContributors组合多个指标:
public class ServiceAHealthIndicator implements HealthIndicator, HealthContributor {...}

下面定义组合健康检查指标:
@Component("UserServiceAPI")public class UserServiceAPIHealthContributor implements CompositeHealthContributor {private Map contributors = new LinkedHashMap<>(); @Autowiredpublic UserServiceAPIHealthContributor(ServiceAHealthIndicator serviceAHealthIndicator, ServiceBHealthIndicator serviceBHealthIndicator) {contributors.put("serverA",serviceAHealthIndicator); contributors.put("serverB", serviceBHealthIndicator); }/***return list of health contributors*/@Overridepublic Iterator iterator() {return contributors.entrySet().stream().map((entry) -> NamedContributor.of(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue())).iterator(); }@Overridepublic HealthContributor getContributor(String name) {return contributors.get(name); }}

现在我们使用serverA和serverB组合新的检查UserServiceAPI。
4. 总结 本文我们学习了Spring Boot健康指标及相关配置、以及预定义的健康指标,同时介绍了如何自定义健康指标。
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。

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