【Python】如何对xml文件进行新增、修改和删除等操作
文章目录
- 1 按照示例文件内容新增xml文件
- 2 查看并修改xml文件内容
- 3 删除xml文件内容
xml文件示例：
false
1
2008
141100
4
2011
59900
68
2011
13600
echo "Hello world!" 1 按照示例文件内容新增xml文件
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# author: Sudley
# ctime: 2020/02/16import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETdef create_Xml(xml_file):
#创建包含root标签的xml文件
with open(xml_file,'w') as f:
f.write('\n')
f.write('\n')
f.write('\n')#使用ET模块对xml文件进行解析
tree = ET.parse(xml_file)
root = tree.getroot()
#创建disabled标签
SubElement_disabled = ET.SubElement(root,'disabled')
SubElement_disabled.text = 'false'#创建第一个country标签
SubElement_country0 = ET.SubElement(root,'country',attrib={'name':'"Liechtenstein"'})#添加含attrib的标签，atrib后面接的是字典格式的
SubElement_country0_rank = ET.SubElement(SubElement_country0,'rank')
SubElement_country0_rank.text = '1'#配置text，注意不能直接用int类型的
SubElement_country0_year = ET.SubElement(SubElement_country0,'year')
SubElement_country0_year.text = '2008'
SubElement_country0_gdppc = ET.SubElement(SubElement_country0,'gdppc')
SubElement_country0_gdppc.text = '141100'
SubElement_country0_neighbor0 = ET.SubElement(SubElement_country0,'neighbor',attrib={'name':'Austria','direction':'E'})
SubElement_country0_neighbor1 = ET.SubElement(SubElement_country0,'neighbor',attrib={'name':'Switzerland','direction':'W'})#创建二个country标签
SubElement_country1 = ET.SubElement(root,'country',attrib={'name':'Singapore'})
SubElement_country1_rank = ET.SubElement(SubElement_country1,'rank')
SubElement_country1_rank.text = '4'
SubElement_country1_year = ET.SubElement(SubElement_country1,'year')
SubElement_country1_year.text = '2011'
SubElement_country1_gdppc = ET.SubElement(SubElement_country1,'gdppc')
SubElement_country1_gdppc.text = '59900'
SubElement_country1_neighbor0 = ET.SubElement(SubElement_country1,'neighbor',attrib={'name':'Malaysia','direction':'N'})#创建三个country标签
SubElement_country2 = ET.SubElement(root,'country',attrib={'name':'Panama'})
SubElement_country2_rank = ET.SubElement(SubElement_country2,'rank')
SubElement_country2_rank.text = '68'
SubElement_country2_year = ET.SubElement(SubElement_country2,'year')
SubElement_country2_year.text = '2011'
SubElement_country2_gdppc = ET.SubElement(SubElement_country2,'gdppc')
SubElement_country2_gdppc.text = '13600'
SubElement_country2_neighbor0 = ET.SubElement(SubElement_country2,'neighbor',attrib={'name':'Costa Rica','direction':'W'})
SubElement_country2_neighbor1 = ET.SubElement(SubElement_country2,'neighbor',attrib={'name':'Colombia','direction':'E'})#创建builders标签
SubElement_builders = ET.SubElement(root,'builders')
SubElement_builders_Shell = ET.SubElement(SubElement_builders,'hudson.tasks.Shell')
SubElement_builders_Shell_command = ET.SubElement(SubElement_builders_Shell,'command')
SubElement_builders_Shell_command.text = 'echo "Hello world!"'#上面创建的内容都在一行上面显示，不利于我们的查看，对标签执行美化，标签前面添加是的的缩进
prettyXml(root, '', '\n')#执行美化方法
ET.dump(root)#显示出美化后的XML内容tree.write(xml_file)#将修改写入本地xml文件def prettyXml(element, indent, newline, level = 0): # elemnt为传进来的Elment类，参数indent用于缩进，newline用于换行
if element:# 判断element是否有子元素
if element.text == None or element.text.isspace(): # 如果element的text没有内容
element.text = newline + indent * (level + 1)
else:
element.text = newline + indent * (level + 1) + element.text.strip() + newline + indent * (level + 1)
#else:# 此处两行如果把注释去掉，Element的text也会另起一行
#element.text = newline + indent * (level + 1) + element.text.strip() + newline + indent * level
temp = list(element) # 将elemnt转成list
for subelement in temp:
if temp.index(subelement) < (len(temp) - 1): # 如果不是list的最后一个元素，说明下一个行是同级别元素的起始，缩进应一致
subelement.tail = newline + indent * (level + 1)
else:# 如果是list的最后一个元素， 说明下一行是母元素的结束，缩进应该少一个
subelement.tail = newline + indent * level
prettyXml(subelement, indent, newline, level = level + 1) # 对子元素进行递归操作xml_file = '/tmp/template.xml'
create_Xml(xml_file)2 查看并修改xml文件内容 【【Python】如何对xml文件进行新增、修改和删除等操作】查看所有的neighbor信息，并把attrib属性中’direction’为‘E’的修改为‘East’
>>> for neighbor in root.iter('neighbor'):
...if neighbor.attrib['direction'] == 'E':
...neighbor.attrib['direction'] = 'East'
...print(neighbor.attrib)
...
{'direction': 'East', 'name': 'Austria'}
{'direction': 'W', 'name': 'Switzerland'}
{'direction': 'N', 'name': 'Malaysia'}
{'direction': 'W', 'name': 'Costa Rica'}
{'direction': 'East', 'name': 'Colombia'}
获取country name和rank属性
>>> for country in root.findall('country'):
...rank = country.find('rank').text
...name = country.get('name')
...print(name, rank)
...
Liechtenstein 1
Singapore 4
Panama 68
在rank标签中新增attrib属性
>>> for rank in root.iter('rank'):
...new_rank = int(rank.text) + 1
...rank.text = str(new_rank)
...rank.set('updated', 'yes')
...
>>> tree.write('/tmp/output.xml')
修改后的xml文件如下：
false
2
2008
141100
5
2011
59900
69
2011
13600
echo "Hello world!" 3 删除xml文件内容 删除rank > 3的country，删除builders下的hudson.tasks.Shell标签，并配置text为deleted
>>> for country in root.findall('country'):
...rank = int(country.find('rank').text)
...if rank > 3:
...root.remove(country)
...
>>> for builders in root.findall('builders'):
...for shell in builders.findall('hudson.tasks.Shell'):
...builders.remove(shell)
...builders.text = 'deleted'
...
>>> tree.write('/tmp/output.xml')
修改后的xml文件：
false
2
2008
141100
deleted
当一个页签下面有多个子标签时使用remove删除发现一次删不全
比如下面文件
test_all
false 想删除jobNames标签下的所有string标签，可先获取string的数量num然后执行num次删除操作，删除部分代码参考如下
root = tree.getroot()
for i in range(0,self.num):
for jobNames in root.findall('jobNames'):
for string in jobNames:
if string.text:
jobNames.remove(string)参考文献
https://docs.python.org/3/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xml.etree.ElementTree.SubElement
Python使用ElementTree处理XML的美化
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