入门JavaScript正则表达式

概念 regular expression,描述了一种字符串匹配的模式(pattern),可以用来检查一个串是否含有某种子串、将匹配的子串替换或者从某个串中取出符合某个条件的子串等。
正则表达式的创建 字面量创建

let str = "abc1231dfaf123213fda"; let reg = /\d+/g; let res = str.match(reg); console.log(res); // ["1231", "123213"]

构造函数创建
正则支持变量拼接,对于特殊字符需要加\转义
let str = "abc1231dfaf123213fda"; let reg = new RegExp("\\d+", "g"); let res = str.match(reg); console.log(res); // ["1231", "123213"]

测试链接:https://jsbin.com/sivoqayowo/edit?js,console,output
正则的匹配方法 正则对象底下的方法:test,exec
注意lastIndex属性,它决定下一次匹配从什么地方开始
// test let str = "abc1231dfaf123213fda"; let reg = /\d+/g; console.log(reg.test(str) +":"+ reg.lastIndex); // "true:7" console.log(reg.test(str) +":"+ reg.lastIndex); // "true:17" console.log(reg.test(str) +":"+ reg.lastIndex); // "false:0"

// exec let str0 = "abc1231dfaf123213fda"; let reg0 = /\d+/g; console.log(reg0.exec(str0) +":"+ reg0.lastIndex); // "1231:7" console.log(reg0.exec(str0) +":"+ reg0.lastIndex); // "123213:17" console.log(reg0.exec(str0) +":"+ reg0.lastIndex); // "null:0"

测试链接:https://jsbin.com/taloyiwuba/edit?js,console,output
字符串底下的方法:split,search,match,replace
// split let str = "abc1231dfaf123213fda"; let reg = /\d+/g; let arr = str.split(reg); console.log(arr); // ["abc", "dfaf", "fda"]

// search 会忽略全局匹配g let str0 = "abc1231dfaf123213fda"; let reg0 = /\d+/g; console.log(str.search(reg0)); // 3 console.log(str.search(reg0)); // 3

// match let str1 = "abc1231dfaf123213fda"; let reg1 = /\d+/g; console.log(str1.match(reg1)); // ["1231", "123213"]

// replace 第二个参数支持字符串和函数二种方法,函数较灵活,可以实现很多高级功能 let str2 = "abc3dfaf2fda"; let reg2 = /\d/g; let result20 = str2.replace(reg2,'*'); console.log(result20); // "abc*dfaf*fda" let result21 = str2.replace(reg2,function(...args) { // args是一个数组['匹配到的值','索引','分组','原始字符串'] console.log(args); // ["3", 3, "abc3dfaf2fda"] // ["2", 8, "abc3dfaf2fda"] return "*"; }); console.log(result21); // "abc*dfaf*fda"

测试链接:https://jsbin.com/pozoxibiwi/edit?js,console,output
元字符 正则表达式中有特殊含义的非字母字符
字符相关:
  • \w:数字 字母 下划线
  • \W:非数字 字母 下划线
  • \d:数字
  • \D:非数字
  • \s:匹配一个空白符,包括空格、制表符、换页符、换行符和其他 Unicode 空格
  • \S:匹配一个非空白符
  • . :匹配行结束符(\n \r \u2028 或 \u2029)以外的任意单个字符
  • \:转义符
    • 表示下一个具有特殊含义的字符为字面值
    • 表示下一个字符具有特殊含义(转义后的结果是元字符内约定的)
// \w let str00 = "1234_abc"; let str01 = "~%$*"; console.log('\\w:0--' + /\w+/g.test(str00)); // "\w:0--true" console.log('\\w:1--' + /\w+/g.test(str01)); // "\w:1--false"// \W let str10 = "1234_abc"; let str11 = "~%$*"; console.log('\\W:0--' + /\W+/g.test(str10)); // "\W:0--false" console.log('\\W:1--' + /\W+/g.test(str11)); // "\W:1--true"// \s let str20 = "1234 abc"; let str21 = "1234abc"; console.log('\\s:0--' + /\s+/g.test(str20)); // "\s:0--true" console.log('\\s:1--' + /\s+/g.test(str21)); // "\s:1--false"// \S let str30 = " "; let str31 = "1234abc"; console.log('\\S:0--' + /\S/g.test(str30)); // "\S:0--false" console.log('\\S:1--' + /\S/g.test(str31)); // "\S:1--true"// \d let str40 = "1234abc"; let str41 = "abc"; console.log('\\d:0--' + /\d+/g.test(str40)); // "\d:0--true" console.log('\\d:1--' + /\d+/g.test(str41)); // "\d:1--false"// \D let str50 = "1234"; let str51 = "abc"; console.log('\\D:0--' + /\D+/g.test(str50)); // "\D:0--false" console.log('\\D:1--' + /\D+/g.test(str51)); // "\D:1--true"// . let str60 = "1234"; let str61 = "\r\n"; console.log('.:0--' + /.+/g.test(str60)); // "\D:0--true" console.log('.:1--' + /.+/g.test(str61)); // "\D:1--false"

测试链接:https://jsbin.com/yajepuyeni/edit?js,console,output
数量相关:
  • {}:出现次数控制
    • {n,m} 出现n次到m次
    • {n} 出现n次
    • {n, } 至少出现n次
  • ?: 出现0次或1次,还有另一个用处就是贪婪和惰性匹配
  • +:出现1次或多次
  • *: 出现0次或多次
let str = "aeeef"; let reg = /e{3}/; let reg0 = /e{1,3}/ let reg1 = /e{4,}/ console.log(reg.test(str)); // true console.log(reg0.test(str)); // true console.log(reg1.test(str)); // falselet reg2 = /aa?e/; console.log(reg2.test(str)); // truelet str0 = "123456789"; let reg3 = /\d{2,4}/g; let reg4 = /\d{2,4}?/g; console.log(str0.match(reg3)); // ["1234", "5678"] console.log(str0.match(reg4)); // ["12", "34", "56", "78"]let reg5 = /ae+/; console.log(reg5.test(str)); // truelet reg6 = /ae*f/; console.log(reg6.test(str)); // true

测试链接:https://jsbin.com/hirobabico/edit?js,console,output
位置相关:
  • ^:开始位置,在[]中是取反的意思
  • $:结尾置
  • \b:边界位置(空格,开头,结尾等非\w的都是边界)
  • \B:非边界位置
let str = "this is a book"; let reg = /^\w/g; console.log(str.replace(reg, "*")); // "*his is a book"let reg3 = /[^is]/g; console.log(str.replace(reg3, "*")); // "**is*is*******"let reg0 = /\w$/g; console.log(str.replace(reg0, "*")); // "this is a boo*"let reg1 = /\bis\b/g; console.log(str.replace(reg1, "*")); // "this * a book"let reg2 = /\Bis\b/g; console.log(str.replace(reg2, "*")); // "th* is a book"

测试地址:https://jsbin.com/camopiduye/edit?js,console,output
括号相关:
  • ():分组、提取值,替换,反向引用
let str = "abababdgdgdg"; // 分组 let reg = /(ab){3}/; console.log(reg.test(str)); // truelet str0 = "2021-11-24"; let reg0 = /(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})/; // 提取值 console.log(str0.match(reg0)); // ["2021-11-24", "2021", "11", "24"] console.log(RegExp.$1 +":"+ RegExp.$2 +":"+ RegExp.$3); // "2021:11:24"// 替换 console.log(str0.replace(reg0, "$2/$3/$1")) // "11/24/2021"let strReplace = str0.replace(reg0, function(...args) { console.log(args); // ["2021-11-24", "2021", "11", "24", 0, "2021-11-24"] return args[2] + "/" + args[3]+ "/" + args[1]; }) console.log(strReplace); // "11/24/2021"// 反向引用 let className = "main-content-left"; let reg1 = /\w+(-|_)\w+(-|_)\w+/; console.log(reg1.test(className)); // true let className0 = "main-content_left"; // 只有前后要么都是-要么都是_才符合要求 let reg2 = /\w+(-|_)\w+(\1)\w+/; console.log(reg2.test(className0)); // false

测试链接:https://jsbin.com/woliqaxoto/edit?js,console,output
  • []:字符集合
let str = "my name is limili"; let reg = /li[mi]*li/g; console.log(reg.test(str)); // truelet str0 = "sdf566dfdfdr"; // 支持定义一个范围,按ASCII顺序 let reg0 = /[0-9]/g; let reg1 = /[a-z]/g; console.log(reg0.test(str0)); // true console.log(reg1.test(str0)); // true// 中括号中的^是取反的意思 let reg2 = /[^a-z]/g; console.log(str0.replace(reg2, "*")); // "sdf***dfdfdr"

测试链接:https://jsbin.com/gosenezuvo/edit?js,console,output
  • {}:出现次数控制,参考前面数量相关
匹配模式
  • g:全局匹配
  • i:忽略大小写
  • m:多行匹配
  • s:让“.”可以匹配换行符
  • u:让正则可以匹配unicode编码
  • y:粘性匹配模式
// g 全局匹配 let str = "15fdfdf2dfd5df2"; let reg = /\d+/; let reg0 = /\d+/g; console.log(str.match(reg)); // ["15"] console.log(str.match(reg0)); // ["15", "2", "5", "2"]// i 忽略大小写 let str0 = "AbC"; let reg1 = /abc/i; console.log(reg0.test(str0)); // false// m 支持多行匹配 let str1 =`abc def hij`; let reg2 = /^\w/g; console.log(str1.replace(reg2, "*")); // "*bc // def // hij"let reg3 = /^\w/gm; console.log(str1.replace(reg3, "*")); // "*bc // *ef // *ij"// s 让"."号可以匹配换行符 let reg4 = /a.+j/g; console.log(reg4.test(str1)); // false let reg5 = /a.+j/gs; console.log(reg5.test(str1)); // true// u 匹配unicode编码 let str2 = "a"; let reg6 = /\u{61}/; console.log(reg6.test(str2)); // false let reg7 = /\u{61}/u; console.log(reg7.test(str2)); // true// y 粘性匹配 let str3 = "12d3c4"; let reg8 = /\d/g; console.log(reg8.exec(str3)); // ["1"] console.log(reg8.exec(str3)); // ["2"] console.log(reg8.exec(str3)); // ["3"] let reg9 = /\d/gy; console.log(reg9.exec(str3)); // ["1"] console.log(reg9.exec(str3)); // ["2"] console.log(reg9.exec(str3)); // null

测试链接:https://jsbin.com/lafimibeqi/edit?js,console,output
命名分组 【入门JavaScript正则表达式】通过“?<组名>”定义命名分组
let str = "2021-11-24"; let reg = /(\d+)-(\d+)-(\d+)/; console.log(str.match(reg)); // { //0: "2021-11-24" //1: "2021" //2: "11" //3: "24" //groups: undefined //index: 0 //input: "2021-11-24" // } let reg0 = /(?\d+)-(?\d+)-(?\d+)/; console.log(str.match(reg0)); // { //0: "2021-11-24" //1: "2021" //2: "11" //3: "24" //groups: {y: "2021", m: "11", d: "24"} //index: 0 //input: "2021-11-24" // }

测试链接:https://jsbin.com/tosameyadi/edit?js,output,打开控制台看日志
零宽断言
  • ?=:正向肯定零宽断言
  • ?!:正向否定零宽断言
  • ?>=:负向零宽肯定断言
  • ?
let str = "iphone4iphone5iphonex"; let reg = /iphone\d/g; console.log(str.replace(reg, "苹果")); // "苹果苹果iphonex" let reg0 = /iphone(?=\d)/g; console.log(str.replace(reg0, "苹果")); // "苹果4苹果5iphonex"let reg1 = /iphone(?!\d)/g; console.log(str.replace(reg1, "苹果")); // "iphone4iphone5苹果x"let str0 ="100px200px10rpx"; let reg2 = /(?<=\d+)px/g; console.log(str0.replace(reg2, "像素")); // "100像素200像素10rpx" let reg3 = /(?

测试链接:https://jsbin.com/nerenuyose/edit?js,console,output

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