CSS|CSSμ?ê?°?°????é XHTML|Safari|Opera|IE

- ?-??×÷??￡oRoger Johansson
- ×÷???ò?é￡o×??úèeμ???μ?±¤￡?1994?ê?aê??ó′￥oí2?ó?webéè??￡?456 Berea Streetê???μ?×??·￡?òò′?2éó??a????×?×÷?a??μ???è??÷ò3óò??
- ?-??3?′|￡owww.456bereastreet.com
- ?-??·￠±íê±??￡o2005?ê3??15è?
- °￠?Y?μ?÷￡o′????-??"CSS tips and tricks"￡?óD2?a￡??ò???ü??o?2￠·-ò??ú±????D?￡
文章图片

×??ü,?-3￡óD?óó??ê?òò?D?1¤×÷?Dó?μ?μ?CSS?êìa?￡????×üê?2??üoüo?μ?????CSS￡?ó°?ìCSSμ?D§?ê·￠?ó?￡?òà′·???×ü?áò???′í?ó?ù?ú￡?°??ú′ó?ò?ü?óèYò×ê1ó?CSS?￡
±???×ü?áá??ò?aê?ê1ó?CSS2???·?·¨ò?à′?ùóDμ????éoí??èY·?°?￡??ò??òa°??aD?ó???·??í￡??ò?á??μ??aêíò?D?D?ê?èYò×·?μ?′í?ó(°üà¨?ò×??oò2·?1yμ?)￡?è?1???ò??-ê?CSS??ê?￡??aD??-?é???é?é?üò??-???aμà￡?è?1???óD?ü?àμ?￡??￡í??éò?°??ò213??￡
ò?.ê1ó?css??D′
ê1ó???D′?éò?°??ú??éù??CSS???tμ?′óD?￡??ü?óèYò×???á?￡css??D′μ??÷òa1??ò??2??′??3￡ó?css??D′ó?·¨×ü?á?·￡??aà??í2??1?a?èê??￡
?t.?÷è·?¨ò?μ￥??￡?3y·??μ?a0
íü???¨ò?3?′?μ?μ￥??ê?CSSD?ê???±éμ?′í?ó?￡?úHTML?D???éò???D′width="100"￡?μ?ê??úCSS?D￡???±?D???ò???×?è·μ?μ￥??￡?±èè?￡owidth:100px width:100em?￡??óDá???àyía?é???éò?2??¨ò?μ￥??￡oDD??oí0?μ?￡3y′?ò?ía￡??????μ??±?D????úμ￥??￡?×￠òa￡?2?òa?úêy?μoíμ￥???????ó?????￡
èy.??·?′óD?D′
μ±?úXHTML?Dê1ó?CSS￡?CSSà??¨ò?μ??a????3?ê???·?′óD?D′μ??￡?aá?±ü?a?a??′í?ó￡??ò?¨òé?ùóDμ??¨ò???3???2éó?D?D′?￡
classoíidμ??μ?úHTMLoíXHTML?Dò2ê???·?′óD?D′μ?￡?è?1???ò??¨òa′óD?D′?ìo?D′￡???×D??è·è????úCSSμ??¨ò?oíXHTMLà?μ?±ê??ê?ò???μ??￡
??.è???classoíid?°μ??a???T?¨
μ±??D′??ò????a???¨ò?class?ò??id￡????éò?ê????°??μ??a???T?¨￡?òò?aID?úò???ò3??à?ê??¨ò?μ?￡???clas s?éò??úò3???D?à′?ê1ó??￡???T?¨?3???a??oá?Tòaò??￡àyè?￡odiv#content { /* declarations */ }
fieldset.details { /* declarations */ }
?éò?D′3é#content { /* declarations */ }
.details { /* declarations */ }
?a?ù?éò??úê?ò?D?×??ú?￡
??.??è??μ
í¨3￡paddingμ???è??μ?a0￡?background-colorμ???è??μê?transparent?￡μ?ê??ú2?í?μ??ˉàà?÷??è??μ?é?ü2?í??￡è?1???óD3?í?￡??éò??ú?ùê?±íò??aê??í?è?¨ò??ùóD?a??μ?marginoípadding?μ???a0￡??ó?a?ù￡o* {
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
áù.2?Dèòa???′?¨ò??é?ì3Dμ??μ
CSS?D￡?×ó?a??×??ˉ?ì3D???a??μ?ê?D??μ￡??ó??é??￠×?ì?μè￡?ò??-?ú???a???D?¨ò?1yμ?￡??ú×ó?a???D?éò??±?ó?ì3D￡?2?Dèòa???′?¨ò??￡μ?ê?òa×￠òa￡??ˉàà?÷?é?üó?ò?D???è??μ?2????μ??¨ò??￡
??.×??üó??è?-?ò
è?1???í?ò????a??μ??¨ò?óD?à??￡?ò?×??ó?ü(×?D?ò???)μ??¨ò??a×?ó??è￡?àyè?óD?a?′ò???′ú??
Update: Lorem ipsum dolor set
?úCSS???t?D￡???ò??-?¨ò?á??a??p￡?ó??¨ò?á?ò???class"update"p {
margin:1em 0;
font-size:1em;
color:#333;
}
.update {
font-weight:bold;
color:#600;
}
?aá????¨ò??D￡?class="update"??±?ê1ó?￡?òò?aclass±èp?ü?ü?￡???éò?2é??W3Cμ??? Calculating a selector?ˉs specificity?· á??a?ü?à?￡
°?.?à??class?¨ò?
ò???±ê???éò?í?ê±?¨ò??à??class?￡àyè?￡o?ò???è?¨ò?á????ùê?￡?μúò????ùê?±3?°?a#666￡?μú?t???ùê?óD10 pxμ?±??ò?￡.one{width:200px; background:#666; }
.two{border:10px solid #F00; }
?úò3??′ú???D￡??ò???éò??a?ùμ÷ó?

?a?ù×???μ???ê?D§1?ê??a??div?èóD#666μ?±3?°￡?ò2óD10pxμ?±??ò?￡ê?μ?￡??a?ù×?ê??éò?μ?￡????éò?3￠ê?ò????￡
??.ê1ó?×ó?????÷(descendant selectors)
CSS3??§??2??aμàê1ó?×ó?????÷ê?ó°?ì????D§?êμ??-òò??ò??￡×ó?????÷?éò?°??ú???ú??′óá?μ?class?¨ò??￡?ò??à′?′?????a??′ú??￡o
Item 1>

Item 1

Item 1

?a??′ú??μ?CSS?¨ò?ê?￡odiv#subnav ul { /* Some styling */ }
div#subnav ul li.subnavitem { /* Some styling */ }
div#subnav ul li.subnavitem a.subnavitem { /* Some styling */ }
div#subnav ul li.subnavitemselected { /* Some styling */ }
div#subnav ul li.subnavitemselected a.subnavitemselected { /* Some styling */ }
???éò?ó?????μ?·?·¨ì?′úé???μ?′ú??

Item 1

Item 1

Item 1

?ùê??¨ò?ê?￡o#subnav { /* Some styling */ }
#subnav li { /* Some styling */ }
#subnav a { /* Some styling */ }
#subnav .sel { /* Some styling */ }
#subnav .sel a { /* Some styling */ }
ó?×ó?????÷?éò?ê1??μ?′ú??oíCSS?ü?ó?ò?à?￠?ü?óèYò×???á?￡
ê?.2?Dèòa??±3?°í????·???óòyo?
?aá??úê?×??ú￡??ò?¨òé2?òa??±3?°í????·???óòyo?￡?òò?aòyo?2?ê?±?D?μ??￡àyè?￡obackground:url("images/***.gif") #333;
?éò?D′?abackground:url(images/***.gif) #333;
è?1????óá?òyo?￡?·′???áòy?eò?D??ˉàà?÷μ?′í?ó?￡
ê?ò?.×é?????÷(Group selectors)
μ±ò?D??a??ààDí?￠class?ò??id??óD12í?μ?ò?D?ê?D?￡????í?éò?ê1ó?×é?????÷à′±ü?a?à′?μ????′?¨ò??￡?a?éò??úê?2?éù×??ú?￡
?
àyè?￡o?¨ò??ùóD±êìaμ?×?ì??￠??é?oímargin￡????éò??a?ùD′￡oh1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {
font-family:"Lucida Grande",Lucida,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
color:#333;
margin:1em 0;
}
è?1??úê1ó?ê±￡?óD??±e?a??Dèòa?¨ò??àá￠?ùê?￡????éò??ù?óé?D?μ??¨ò?￡??éò??2??à?μ??¨ò?￡?àyè?￡oh1 { font-size:2em; }
h2 { font-size:1.6em; }
ê??t.ó??yè·μ??3Dò???¨á′?óμ??ùê?
μ±??ó?CSSà′?¨ò?á′?óμ??à??×′ì??ùê?ê±￡?òa×￠òa?ü??êéD′μ??3Dò￡??yè·μ??3Dòê?￡o:link :visited :hover :active?￡3éè?μúò???×???ê?"LVHA"￡????éò???ò?3é"LoVe HAte"(?2??ì??á)?￡?aê2?′?a?′?¨ò?￡??éò?2???Eric Meyerμ???Link Specificity?·?￡
è?1???μ?ó??§Dèòaó??ü?ìà′????￡?Dèòa?aμàμ±?°á′?óμ??1μ?￡????1?éò??¨ò?:focusê?D??￡:focusê?D?μ?D§1?ò2è???ó???êéD′μ?????￡?è?1????￡í????1?a????ê?:hoverD§1?￡????í°?:focusD′?ú:hover?°??￡?è?1????￡í????1D§1?ì?′ú:hoverD§1?￡????í°?:focus·??ú:hoveroó???￡
ê?èy.??3y???ˉ
ò???·?3￡3￡??μ?CSS?êìa￡??¨??ê1ó????ˉμ?ê±oò￡?????μ?2?±????ˉμ?2??ù?2??￡??ò??2?à???ì×μ?×ó2?3?3?á?ía2?μ?·??§?￡
í¨3￡μ??a??°ì·¨ê??ú???ˉ2?oó??ìí?óò?????ía?a??￡?àyè?ò???div?ò??ò???br￡?2￠?ò?¨ò??üμ??ùê??aclear: both?￡?a??°ì·¨óDò?μ??￡??￡?Dò??μ?ê??1óDò???o?°ì·¨?éò??a??￡?2??′?a?a??????How To Clear Floats Without Structural Markup?·(×￠￡o±????????ì·-ò?′???)?￡
é???2??·?·¨?éò?oüo??a?????ˉ3?3?μ??êìa￡?μ?ê?è?1?μ±????μ?Dèòa??2??ò??2?à?μ????ó??DDclearμ?ê±oò???′°ì￡?ò????òμ￥μ?·?·¨?íê?ó?overflowê?D?￡??a??·?·¨×?3?μ?·￠±í?ú??Simple Clearing of Floats?·￡?ó??ú??Clearance?·oí??Super simple clearing floats?·?D±?1?·oì????￡
é?????ò???clear·?·¨?üêêo???￡?òa?′??ì?μ??é??￡??aà?2??ù?1?a??ê??￡áíía1?óúfloatμ?ó|ó?￡?ò?D?ó?D?μ?????ò??-?μμ?oü??3t￡?í????????á￡o??Floatutorial?·?￠??Containing Floats?·oí??Float Layouts?·
ê???.oá?ò?ó?D(centering)
?aê?ò????òμ￥μ????é￡?μ?ê??μμ??ù?μò?±é￡?òò?a?ò?′??ì??àμ?D?ê??êìa??ê??ê?a??￡oCSSè?o?oá?ò?ó?D￡???Dèòa?¨ò??a??μ??í￡?2￠?ò?¨ò?oá?òμ?margin￡?è?1???μ?2???°üo??úò???2?(èY?÷)?D￡??í?ó?a?ù￡o
???éò??a?ù?¨ò?ê1?üoá?ò?ó?D￡o#wrap {
width:760px; /* DT???a??μ?2?μ??í?è */
margin:0 auto;
}
μ?ê?IE5/Win2??ü?yè·??ê??a???¨ò?￡??ò??2éó?ò???·?3￡óDó?μ????éà′?a??￡oó?text-alignê?D??￡?í?ó?a?ù￡obody {
text-align:center;
}
#wrap {
width:760px; /* DT???a??μ?2?μ??í?è */
margin:0 auto;
text-align:left;
}
μúò???bodyμ?text-align:center; 1??ò?¨ò?IE5/Win?Dbodyμ??ùóD?a???ó?D(?????ˉàà?÷??ê?????×??ó?D) ￡?μú?t??text-align:left; ê???#warp?Dμ???×??ó×ó?￡
ê???.μ?è?(Import)oíòt2?CSS
òò?aà?°?±??ˉàà?÷2??§3?CSS￡?ò???í¨3￡μ?×?·¨ê?ê1ó?@import???éà′°?CSSòt2??eà′?￡àyè?￡o@import url("main.css");
è???￡??a??·?·¨??IE42??e×÷ó?￡??aè??òoüê?í·ì?á?ò??ó×ó?￡oóà′?òó??a?ùμ?D′·¨￡o@import "main.css";
?a?ù?í?éò??úIE4?Dò2òt2?CSSá?￡?o?o?￡??1?úê?á?5??×??ú???￡??á??a@importó?·¨μ??ê???μ?÷￡??éò??′?aà???centricle?ˉs css filter chart?·
ê?áù.????IEμ?ó??ˉ
óDD?ê±oò￡???Dèòa??IE?ˉàà?÷μ?bug?¨ò?ò?D?ì?±eμ?1??ò￡??aà?óDì??àμ?CSS???é(hacks)￡??ò??ê1ó????Dμ?á???·?·¨￡?2?1ü?￠èí?ú?′??·￠2?μ?IE7 beta°?à?ê?·??üo?μ??§3?CSS￡??aá???·?·¨??ê?×?°2è?μ??￡

1.×￠êíμ?·?·¨
- (a)?úIE?Dòt2?ò???CSS?¨ò?￡????éò?ê1ó?×ó?????÷(child selector):
  html>body p {
  /* ?¨ò??úèY */
  }
- (b)?????a??D′·¨??óDIE?ˉàà?÷?éò?àí?a(???????ˉàà?÷??òt2?)
  * html p {
  /* declarations */
  }
- (c)?1óDD?ê±oò￡????￡í?IE/WinóDD§??IE/Macòt2?￡????éò?ê1ó?"·′D±??"???é￡o
  /* \*/
  * html p {
  declarations
  }
  /* */
2.ì??t×￠êí(conditional comments)μ?·?·¨
áííaò???·?·¨￡??òè??a±èCSS??Hacks?ü?ó?-μ??e???é?íê?2éó??￠èíμ???óDê?D?ì??t×￠êí(conditional comments)?￡ó??a??·?·¨???éò???IEμ￥?à?¨ò?ò?D??ùê?￡???2?ó°?ì?÷?ùê?±íμ??¨ò??￡?í?ó?a?ù￡o

ê???.μ÷ê????é￡o2?óD?à′ó￡?
μ±μ÷ê?CSS·￠éú′í?ó￡????íòa?ó??°?1¤è?￡??eDD·???CSS′ú???￡?òí¨3￡?ú3??êìaμ?2?é??¨ò?ò???±3?°??é?￡??a?ù?í?üoü?÷???′μ?2????Y?à′ó?????￡óDD?è??¨òéó?border￡?ò?°??é??ò2ê??éò?μ?￡?μ??êìaê?￡?óDê±oòborder ?á???ó?a??μ?3?′?￡?border-topoíboeder-bottom?á???μ×Y?òmarginμ??μ￡??ùò?ê1ó?background?ü?ó°2è?D??￡
áííaò????-3￡3??êìaμ?ê?D?ê?outline?￡outline?′?eà′?óboeder￡?μ?2??áó°?ì?a??μ?3?′??ò???????￡??óDéùêy?ˉàà?÷?§3?outlineê?D?￡??ò?ù?aμàμ???óDSafari?￠OmniWeb?￠oíOpera?￡
ê?°?.CSS′ú??êéD′?ùê?
?úD′CSS′ú??μ?ê±oò￡???óú?????￠??DD?￠????￡?????è?óD????è?μ?êéD′?°1??￡?ú?-1y2???êμ?ùoó￡??ò???¨2éó??????a?ùμ?êéD′?ùê?￡oselector1,
selector2 {
property:value;
}
μ±ê1ó?áao??¨ò?ê±￡??òí¨3￡???????????÷μ￥?àD′ò?DD￡??a?ù·?±??úCSS???t?D?òμ??ü???￡?ú×?oóò????????÷oí′óà¨o?{?????óò???????￡??????¨ò?ò2μ￥?àD′ò?DD￡?·?o??±?ó?úê?D??μoó￡?2?òa?ó?????￡
?ò?°1??ú????ê?D??μoó?????ó·?o?￡???è?1??òé??êDí×?oóò???ê?D??μoó???éò?2?D′·?o?￡?μ?ê?è?1???òa?óD??ùê?ê±èYò×íü??21é?·?o???2úéú′í?ó￡??ùò??1ê????ó±è??o??￡
×?oó￡?1?±?μ?′óà¨o?}μ￥?àD′ò?DD?￡
【CSS|CSSμ?ê?°?°????é】????oí??DDóD?úó????á?￡