AsyncTask 源码解析

【AsyncTask 源码解析】本文基于SDK Android-29 AsyncTask.java
从execute方法开始分析,execute方法会调用executeOnExecutor方法
sDefaultExecutor是一个串行的线程池,一个进程中所有的AsyncTask都会在sDefaultExecutor中排队执行。

@MainThread public final AsyncTask execute(Params... params) { return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params); }

在executeOnExecutor方法中onPreExecute方法最先执行,然后线程池开始执行。
@MainThread public final AsyncTask executeOnExecutor(Executor exec, Params... params) { if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) { switch (mStatus) { case RUNNING: throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:" + " the task is already running."); case FINISHED: throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:" + " the task has already been executed " + "(a task can be executed only once)"); } }mStatus = Status.RUNNING; onPreExecute(); mWorker.mParams = params; exec.execute(mFuture); return this; }

下面分析线程池的执行过程。
/** * An {@link Executor} that executes tasks one at a time in serial * order.This serialization is global to a particular process. */ public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor(); @UnsupportedAppUsage private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR; private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor { final ArrayDeque mTasks = new ArrayDeque(); Runnable mActive; public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) { mTasks.offer(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { r.run(); } finally { scheduleNext(); } } }); if (mActive == null) { scheduleNext(); } }protected synchronized void scheduleNext() { if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) { THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive); } } }

系统首先会把AsyncTask的Params参数封装为FutureTask对象,FutureTask是一个并发类,在这里他充当了Runnable的作用。
接着FutureTask会交给SerialExecutor的execute方法处理,SerialExecutor的execute方法首先会把FutureTask对象插入到任务队列mTasks中,如果这个时候没有正在活动的AsyncTask任务,那么就会调用SerialExecutor的scheduleNext方法来执行下一个AsyncTask任务。
同时当一个AsyncTask任务执行完后,AsyncTask会继续执行其他任务直到所有的任务都被执行为止,从这一点可以看出,在默认情况下,AsyncTask是串行执行的。
AsyncTask中有两个线程池(SerialExecutor和THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR)和一个Handler(InternalHandler),其中线程池SerialExecutor用于任务的排队,而线程池THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR用于真正执行任务,InternalHandler用于将执行环境从线程池切换到主线程,其本质仍然是线程的调用过程。由于FutureTask的run方法会调用mWorker的call方法,因此mWorker的call方法最终会在线程池中执行。
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable() { public Result call() throws Exception { mTaskInvoked.set(true); Result result = null; try { Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND); //noinspection unchecked result = doInBackground(mParams); Binder.flushPendingCommands(); } catch (Throwable tr) { mCancelled.set(true); throw tr; } finally { postResult(result); } return result; } };

在mWorker的call方法中,首先将mTaskInvoked设置为true,表示当前任务已经被调用过了,然后执行AsyncTask的doInBackground方法,接着将其返回值传递给postResult方法,它的实现如下所示。
private Result postResult(Result result) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT, new AsyncTaskResult(this, result)); message.sendToTarget(); return result; }

在上面的代码中,postResult方法会通过getHandler方法获取mHandler发送一个MESSAGE_POST_RESULT的消息,这个mHandler的定义如下所示。判断callbackLooper的值等于空(初始化)或者程序主循环,sHandler赋值给callbackLooper,否则新建Handler赋值给callbackLooper,它的实现如下所示。
private final Handler mHandler; /** * Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread. * * @hide */ public AsyncTask(@Nullable Looper callbackLooper) { mHandler = callbackLooper == null || callbackLooper == Looper.getMainLooper() ? getMainHandler() : new Handler(callbackLooper); ... }

Looper.java /** * Returns the application's main looper, which lives in the main thread of the application. */ public static Looper getMainLooper() { synchronized (Looper.class) { return sMainLooper; } }

private static InternalHandler sHandler; private static Handler getMainHandler() { synchronized (AsyncTask.class) { if (sHandler == null) { sHandler = new InternalHandler(Looper.getMainLooper()); } return sHandler; } }

可以发现,sHandler是一个静态的Handler对象,为了能够将执行环境切换到主线程,这就要求sHandler这个对象必须在主线程中创建。由于静态成员会在加载类的时候进行初始化,因此这就变相要求AsyncTask的类必须在主线程中加载,否则同一个进程中的AsyncTask都将无法正常工作。此处sHandler使用单例模式初始化。
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler { public InternalHandler(Looper looper) { super(looper); }@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"}) @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj; switch (msg.what) { case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT: // There is only one result result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]); break; case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS: result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData); break; } } }

@SuppressWarnings({"RawUseOfParameterizedType"}) private static class AsyncTaskResult { final AsyncTask mTask; final Data[] mData; AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) { mTask = task; mData = https://www.it610.com/article/data; } }

sHandler在收到MESSAGE_POST_RESULT这个消息后会调用AsyncTaskResult的mTask的finish方法,如下所示。
private void finish(Result result) { if (isCancelled()) { onCancelled(result); } else { onPostExecute(result); } mStatus = Status.FINISHED; }

AsyncTask的finish方法的逻辑比较简单,如果AsyncTask被取消执行了,那么就调用onCancelled方法,否则就会调用onPostExecute方法,可以看到doInBackground方法的返回结果会传递给onPostExecute方法,到这里AsyncTask的整个工作流程就分析完毕了。
文章摘自Android艺术开发探索.

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