Python画图小案例之小雪人超详细源码注释 Python画图小案例之小雪人超详

一步步教你怎么用Python画雪人，进一步熟悉Python的基础画图操作，废话不多说，上代码。
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class Shape:# 基类(雪人各部件（形状）共有的属性)def __init__(self, cvns, points, fill):# 构造方法画布位置坐标颜色self.cvns = cvns# 画布self.points = points# 坐标（x1, y1, x2, y2）self.fill = fillself.pid = None# 当前图形的id def delete(self):# 删除图形if self.pid:self.cvns.delete(self.pid) class ShapeAngles(Shape):# 继承基类(增加了角度）)def __init__(self, cvns, points, fill, angles=(10, 170)):# angles:角度值,带默认参数super(ShapeAngles, self).__init__(cvns, points, fill)# 调用基类构造: cvns,points,fillself.angles = {'start':angles[0], 'extent':angles[1]}# 构造自己的属性：angles class HatTop(Shape):# 帽子顶部def draw(self):#self.pid = self.cvns.create_oval(self.points, fill='white')# 椭圆形self.pid = self.cvns.create_oval(self.points, fill=self.fill)# 椭圆形 class HatBottom(Shape):# 帽子底部def draw(self):self.pid = self.cvns.create_polygon(self.points)# 绘多边形的方法 class Hat:# 帽子整体（组合顶部和底部）def __init__(self, cvns, start_point, fill, w, h):# w,h是帽子的宽、高self.cvns = cvns# 初始化self.start_point = start_pointself.w = wself.fill = fillself.h = hself.ht = HatTop(self.cvns, self.ht_cacu(), fill=self.fill)# 实例化顶部self.hb = HatBottom(self.cvns, self.hb_cacu(), self.fill)# 实例化底部def draw(self):# 绘制self.ht.draw()# 调用顶部方法绘制self.hb.draw()# 调用底部方法绘制 def delete(self):self.ht.delete()# self.hb.delete() def ht_cacu(self):# 计算顶部坐标r = self.h / 3 / 2x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2 - ry1 = self.start_point[1] + 20 - rx2 = x1 + 2 * ry2 = y1 + 2 * rreturn x1, y1, x2, y2 def hb_cacu(self):# 计算底部坐标(三角形的三个点的坐标)x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2y1 = self.start_point[1] + self.h / 3x2 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 3y2 = self.start_point[1] + self.h + 13x3 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 3 * 2y3 = y2return x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3 class Sense(ShapeAngles):# 五官(眼、口扇形图形)def draw(self):self.pid = self.cvns.create_arc(*self.points, **self.angles, fill='red')# 绘制弧线 class Face(HatTop):# 脸pass class Head:# 头部def __init__(self, cvns, start_point, fill, w, h):# 此处的w,h是头的self.cvns = cvnsself.start_point = start_pointself.fill = fillself.w = wself.h = heye0_points = self.eye0_cacu()# 眼睛1坐标dx = self.h / 3 + self.h / 9eye1_points = (eye0_points[0] + dx, eye0_points[1],# 眼睛2坐标eye0_points[2] + dx, eye0_points[3])self.face = Face(self.cvns, self.face_cacu(), self.fill)# 脸：带参数的实例self.eye0 = Sense(self.cvns, eye0_points, fill='blue')# 眼1：带参数的实例self.eye1 = Sense(self.cvns, eye1_points, self.fill)# 眼2：带参数的实例self.mouth = Sense(self.cvns, self.mouth_cacu(), (-10, -170))# 口：带参数的实例 def draw(self):# 绘制脸部各部位self.face.draw()self.eye0.draw()self.eye1.draw()self.mouth.draw() def face_cacu(self):# 脸坐标计算x1 = self.start_point[0] + (self.w - self.h) / 2y1 = self.start_point[1]x2 = x1 + self.hy2 = y1 + self.hreturn x1, y1, x2, y2 def eye0_cacu(self):# 眼0坐标计算left_point = (self.start_point[0] + (self.w - self.h) / 2 - 5, self.start_point[1])x1 = left_point[0] + self.h / 6y1 = left_point[1] + self.h / 3x2 = x1 + self.h / 3y2 = left_point[1] + self.h / 2return x1, y1, x2, y2 def mouth_cacu(self):# 口坐标计算left_point = (self.start_point[0] + (self.w - self.h) / 2, self.start_point[1])x1 = left_point[0] + self.h / 3y1 = left_point[1] + 2 * self.h / 3 + 25# +25后口的位置靠下，并且图形更大了x2 = x1 + self.h / 3y2 = left_point[1] + self.h / 2return x1, y1, x2, y2 class hand(HatTop):# 手pass class BodyOutline(HatTop):# 身体轮廓，因没有特别的形状，继承了基类，类体为空pass class Button(HatTop):# 钮扣pass class Body:# 身体 def __init__(self, cvns, start_point, fill, w, h):self.cvns = cvnsself.start_point = start_pointself.w = wself.h = hself.fill = fillself._button_size = 10# 钮扣的大小self.buttons = []self.bo = BodyOutline(self.cvns, self.body_cacu(), self.fill)# 身体轮廓实例#self.hd = hand(self.cvns, (15, 500, 45, 240), self.fill)# 左手轮廓实例,坐标为矩形的两个对角顶点的坐标为准画的圆/椭圆self.hd = hand(self.cvns, self.bd_cacu(0), self.fill)# 左手轮廓实例,坐标为矩形的两个对角顶点的坐标为准画的圆/椭圆self.hd2 = hand(self.cvns, self.bd_cacu(self.w), self.fill)# 右手for pnts in self.all_button_points():self.buttons.append(Button(self.cvns, pnts, self.fill)) def bd_cacu(self, w):# 计算手的坐标x1 = 15 + wy1 = self.start_point[1] + self.h / 2x2 = x1 + 30y2 = y1 - 26 * self._button_sizereturn x1, y1, x2, y2 def draw(self):self.bo.draw()# 身体绘制self.hd.draw()# 手1绘制self.hd2.draw()# 手2绘制for bttn in self.buttons:# 各钮扣绘制bttn.draw() def body_cacu(self):# 计算身体轮廓坐标x1, y1 = self.start_pointx2 = x1 + self.wy2 = y1 + self.hreturn x1, y1, x2, y2 def button0_cacu(self):# 计算第0个钮扣的坐标x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2 - self._button_sizey1 = self.start_point[1] + self.h / 5 - self._button_sizex2 = x1 + 2 * self._button_size# 2决定钮扣的园形形状y2 = y1 + 2 * self._button_sizereturn x1, y1, x2, y2 def move_dy(self, points, size):# 钮扣移动的方法y1 = points[1] + sizey2 = points[3] + sizereturn points[0], y1, points[2], y2 def all_button_points(self):# 绘制每个钮扣的坐标b0_points = self.button0_cacu()size = self.h / 6# 身高/钮扣数+1points = []# 列表for i in range(5):# 钮扣的个数points.append(self.move_dy(b0_points, i * size))# 各钮扣的移动数据存入列表pointsreturn points# 返回列表值 # def set_button_size(self, size):#self._button_size = size class Snow:# 组装成雪人 def __init__(self, cvns, points, fill, w=150, h=450):# points为雪人的坐标其与帽子坐标一致（见雪人图）self.cvns = cvnsself.points = pointsself.w = wself.h = hself.fill = fillself.head = Head(self.cvns, (self.points[0], self.points[1] + self.h / 6), self.fill, self.w, self.h / 3)# 实例化头部self.body = Body(self.cvns, (self.points[0], self.points[1] + self.h / 2), self.fill, self.w, self.h / 2)# 实例化身体self.fill = 'red'# 帽子顶部颜色self.hat = Hat(self.cvns, self.points, self.fill, self.w, self.h / 6)# 绘帽子# 实例化帽子 def draw(self):self.hat.draw()# 绘制帽子self.head.draw()# 绘制头self.body.draw()# 绘制身体 if __name__ == '__main__':import tkinterroot = tkinter.Tk()# 建立根窗口cvns = tkinter.Canvas(root, width=400, height=700, bg='white')# 调用画布cvns.pack()# 将画布添加到窗口snow = Snow(cvns, (30, 15), 'white', 320, 660)# 雪人的实例化（传入画布对象、起始坐标、宽、高）snow = snow.draw()# 绘制root.mainloop()

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