1.先进入redis目录，将redis安装到指定目录
使用make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install 命令 
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2.进入redis目录复制redis.conf文件到usr/local/redis文件下
cp redis.conf/usr/local/redis
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3.进入到redis目录下，运行vi redis.conf 
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4.将daemonize no改为 daemonize yes保存退出
【ubuntu redis安装配置】
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5.重新启动一下redis服务
./bin/redis-server ./redis.conf
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然后就可以使用redis进行操作了
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解决redis远程连接不上的问题
redis现在的版本开启redis-server后，redis-cli只能访问到127.0.0.1，因为在配置文件中固定了ip，因此需要修改redis.conf（有的版本不是这个文件名，只要找到相对应的conf后缀的文件即可）文件以下几个地方。
1.bind 127.0.0.1改为 #bind 127.0.0.1
2.protected-mode yes 改为 protected-mode no
3.加入 daemonize no(这个是是否在后台启动不占用一个主程窗口)
启动服务的时候需要将配置文件作为参数,例如:
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我这里的配置文件名是redis.window.conf，别的版本可能不叫这个。
然后进入redis的目录 输入 redis-cli.exe -h 195.124.45.12 -p 6379 就可以远程访问了
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##redis配置详解# Redis configuration file example. # # Note that in order to read the configuration file, Redis must be # started with the file path as first argument: # # ./redis-server /path/to/redis.conf# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specify # it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth: # # 1k => 1000 bytes # 1kb => 1024 bytes # 1m => 1000000 bytes # 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes # 1g => 1000000000 bytes # 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes # # units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.################################## INCLUDES ################################### ################################## 包含#################################### Include one or more other config files here.This is useful if you # have a standard template that goes to all Redis servers but also need # to customize a few per-server settings.Include files can include # other files, so use this wisely. # # Notice option "include" won't be rewritten by command "CONFIG REWRITE" # from admin or Redis Sentinel. Since Redis always uses the last processed # line as value of a configuration directive, you'd better put includes # at the beginning of this file to avoid overwriting config change at runtime. # # If instead you are interested in using includes to override configuration # options, it is better to use include as the last line. # # 假如说你有一个可用于所有的 redis server 的标准配置模板， # 但针对某些 server 又需要一些个性化的设置， # 你可以使用 include 来包含一些其他的配置文件，这对你来说是非常有用的。 # # 但是要注意哦，include 是不能被 config rewrite 命令改写的 # 由于 redis 总是以最后的加工线作为一个配置指令值，所以你最好是把 include 放在这个文件的最前面， # 以避免在运行时覆盖配置的改变，相反，你就把它放在后面 # include /path/to/local.conf # include /path/to/other.conf################################ GENERAL##################################### ################################ 常用###################################### By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it. # Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized. # 默认情况下 redis 不是作为守护进程运行的，如果你想让它在后台运行，你就把它改成 yes。 # 当redis作为守护进程运行的时候，它会写一个 pid 到 /var/run/redis.pid 文件里面。 daemonize yes# When running daemonized, Redis writes a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid by # default. You can specify a custom pid file location here. # 当 Redis 以守护进程的方式运行的时候，Redis 默认会把 pid 文件放在/var/run/redis.pid # 可配置到其他地址，当运行多个 redis 服务时，需要指定不同的 pid 文件和端口 # 指定存储Redis进程号的文件路径 pidfile /var/run/redis.pid# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379. # If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket. # 端口，默认端口是6379，生产环境中建议更改端口号，安全性更高 # 如果你设为 0 ，redis 将不在 socket 上监听任何客户端连接。 port 9966# TCP listen() backlog. # # In high requests-per-second environments you need an high backlog in order # to avoid slow clients connections issues. Note that the Linux kernel # will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so # make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog # in order to get the desired effect. # TCP 监听的最大容纳数量 # 此参数确定了TCP连接中已完成队列(完成三次握手之后)的长度， # 当系统并发量大并且客户端速度缓慢的时候，你需要把这个值调高以避免客户端连接缓慢的问题。 # Linux 内核会一声不响的把这个值缩小成 /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn 对应的值，默认是511，而Linux的默认参数值是128。 # 所以可以将这二个参数一起参考设定，你以便达到你的预期。 # tcp-backlog 511# By default Redis listens for connections from all the network interfaces # available on the server. It is possible to listen to just one or multiple # interfaces using the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or # more IP addresses. # # Examples: # # bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1 # 有时候为了安全起见，redis一般都是监听127.0.0.1 但是有时候又有同网段能连接的需求，当然可以绑定0.0.0.0 用iptables来控制访问权限，或者设置redis访问密码来保证数据安全# 不设置将处理所有请求,建议生产环境中设置，有个误区：bind是用来限制外网IP访问的，其实不是，限制外网ip访问可以通过iptables；如：-A INPUT -s 10.10.1.0/24 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 9966 -j ACCEPT ； # 实际上，bind ip 绑定的是redis所在服务器网卡的ip，当然127.0.0.1也是可以的 #如果绑定一个外网ip，就会报错：Creating Server TCP listening socket xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9966: bind: Cannot assign requested address# bind 127.0.0.1 bind 127.0.0.1 10.10.1.3# 假设绑定是以上ip，使用 netstat -anp|grep 9966 会发现，这两个ip被bind，其中10.10.1.3是服务器网卡的ip # tcp00 10.10.1.3:99660.0.0.0:*LISTEN11188/redis-server # tcp00 127.0.0.1:99660.0.0.0:*LISTEN11188/redis-server # Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for # incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen # on a unix socket when not specified. # # unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock # unixsocketperm 700# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable) # 客户端和Redis服务端的连接超时时间，默认是0，表示永不超时。 timeout 0# TCP keepalive. # # If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence # of communication. This is useful for two reasons: # # 1) Detect dead peers. # 2) Take the connection alive from the point of view of network #equipment in the middle. # # On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs. # Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed. # On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration. # # A reasonable value for this option is 60 seconds.# tcp 心跳包。 # # 如果设置为非零，则在与客户端缺乏通讯的时候使用 SO_KEEPALIVE 发送 tcp acks 给客户端。 # 这个之所有有用，主要由两个原因： # # 1) 防止死的 peers # 2) Take the connection alive from the point of view of network #equipment in the middle. # # 推荐一个合理的值就是60秒 tcp-keepalive 0# Specify the server verbosity level. # This can be one of: # debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing) # verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level) # notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably) # warning (only very important / critical messages are logged) # 日志记录等级，4个可选值debug,verbose,notice,warning # 可以是下面的这些值： # debug (适用于开发或测试阶段) # verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level) # notice (适用于生产环境) # warning (仅仅一些重要的消息被记录) loglevel notice# Specify the log file name. Also the empty string can be used to force # Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard # output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null #配置 log 文件地址,默认打印在命令行终端的窗口上，也可设为/dev/null屏蔽日志、 logfile "/data/logs/redis/redis.log"# To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes, # and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs. # 要想把日志记录到系统日志，就把它改成 yes， # 也可以可选择性的更新其他的syslog 参数以达到你的要求 # syslog-enabled no# Specify the syslog identity. # 设置 syslog 的 identity。 # syslog-ident redis# Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7. # syslog-facility local0# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select # a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECTwhere # dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1 # 可用的数据库数，默认值为16，默认数据库为0，数据库范围在0-（database-1）之间 databases 16################################ SNAPSHOTTING################################ ################################ 快照################################ # # Save the DB on disk: # #save # #Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given #number of write operations against the DB occurred. # #In the example below the behaviour will be to save: #after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed #after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed #after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed # #Note: you can disable saving completely by commenting out all "save" lines. # #It is also possible to remove all the previously configured save #points by adding a save directive with a single empty string argument #like in the following example: # #save "" # 在 900 秒内最少有 1 个 key 被改动，或者 300 秒内最少有 10 个 key 被改动，又或者 60 秒内最少有 1000 个 key 被改动，以上三个条件随便满足一个，就触发一次保存操作。#if(在60秒之内有10000个keys发生变化时){ #进行镜像备份 #}else if(在300秒之内有10个keys发生了变化){ #进行镜像备份 #}else if(在900秒之内有1个keys发生了变化){ #进行镜像备份 #}save 900 1 save 300 10 save 60 10000# By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled # (at least one save point) and the latest background save failed. # This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting # on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some #:/ disaster will happen. # # If the background saving process will start working again Redis will # automatically allow writes again. # # However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server # and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will # continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk, # permissions, and so forth. # 默认情况下，如果 redis 最后一次的后台保存失败，redis 将停止接受写操作， # 这样以一种强硬的方式让用户知道数据不能正确的持久化到磁盘， # 否则就会没人注意到灾难的发生。 # # 如果后台保存进程重新启动工作了，redis 也将自动的允许写操作。 # # 然而你要是安装了靠谱的监控，你可能不希望 redis 这样做，那你就改成 no 好 stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases? # For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win. # If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but # the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys. # 在进行备份时,是否进行压缩 # 是否在 dump .rdb 数据库的时候使用 LZF 压缩字符串 # 默认都设为 yes # 如果你希望保存子进程节省点 cpu ，你就设置它为 no ， # 不过这个数据集可能就会比较大 rdbcompression yes# Since version 5 of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file. # This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance # hit to pay (around 10%) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it # for maximum performances. # # RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will # tell the loading code to skip the check. # 读取和写入的时候是否支持CRC64校验，默认是开启的 rdbchecksum yes# The filename where to dump the DB # 备份文件的文件名 dbfilename dump.rdb# The working directory. # # The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified # above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive. # # The Append Only File will also be created inside this directory. # # Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name. # 数据库备份的文件放置的路径 # 路径跟文件名分开配置是因为 Redis 备份时，先会将当前数据库的状态写入到一个临时文件 # 等备份完成时，再把该临时文件替换为上面所指定的文件 # 而临时文件和上面所配置的备份文件都会放在这个指定的路径当中 # 默认值为 ./ dir /data/data/redis/################################# REPLICATION ################################# ################################# 主从复制################################# # Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of # another Redis server. A few things to understand ASAP about Redis replication. # # 1) Redis replication is asynchronous, but you can configure a master to #stop accepting writes if it appears to be not connected with at least #a given number of slaves. # 2) Redis slaves are able to perform a partial resynchronization with the #master if the replication link is lost for a relatively small amount of #time. You may want to configure the replication backlog size (see the next #sections of this file) with a sensible value depending on your needs. # 3) Replication is automatic and does not need user intervention. After a #network partition slaves automatically try to reconnect to masters #and resynchronize with them. # # 设置该数据库为其他数据库的从数据库 # slaveof 当本机为从服务时，设置主服务的IP及端口 # slaveof # If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration # directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before # starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will # refuse the slave request. # # 指定与主数据库连接时需要的密码验证 # masterauth 当本机为从服务时，设置访问master服务器的密码 # masterauth # When a slave loses its connection with the master, or when the replication # is still in progress, the slave can act in two different ways: # # 1) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the slave will #still reply to client requests, possibly with out of date data, or the #data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization. # # 2) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'no' the slave will reply with #an error "SYNC with master in progress" to all the kind of commands #but to INFO and SLAVEOF. # # 当slave服务器和master服务器失去连接后，或者当数据正在复制传输的时候，如果此参数值设置“yes”，slave服务器可以继续接受客户端的请求，否则，会返回给请求的客户端如下信息“SYNC with master in progress”,除了INFO，SLAVEOF这两个命令 slave-serve-stale-data yes# You can configure a slave instance to accept writes or not. Writing against # a slave instance may be useful to store some ephemeral data (because data # written on a slave will be easily deleted after resync with the master) but # may also cause problems if clients are writing to it because of a # misconfiguration. # # Since Redis 2.6 by default slaves are read-only. # # Note: read only slaves are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients # on the internet. It's just a protection layer against misuse of the instance. # Still a read only slave exports by default all the administrative commands # such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve # security of read only slaves using 'rename-command' to shadow all the # administrative / dangerous commands. # 是否允许slave服务器节点只提供读服务 slave-read-only yes# Replication SYNC strategy: disk or socket. # # ------------------------------------------------------- # WARNING: DISKLESS REPLICATION IS EXPERIMENTAL CURRENTLY # ------------------------------------------------------- # # New slaves and reconnecting slaves that are not able to continue the replication # process just receiving differences, need to do what is called a "full # synchronization". An RDB file is transmitted from the master to the slaves. # The transmission can happen in two different ways: # # 1) Disk-backed: The Redis master creates a new process that writes the RDB #file on disk. Later the file is transferred by the parent #process to the slaves incrementally. # 2) Diskless: The Redis master creates a new process that directly writes the #RDB file to slave sockets, without touching the disk at all. # # With disk-backed replication, while the RDB file is generated, more slaves # can be queued and served with the RDB file as soon as the current child producing # the RDB file finishes its work. With diskless replication instead once # the transfer starts, new slaves arriving will be queued and a new transfer # will start when the current one terminates. # # When diskless replication is used, the master waits a configurable amount of # time (in seconds) before starting the transfer in the hope that multiple slaves # will arrive and the transfer can be parallelized. # # With slow disks and fast (large bandwidth) networks, diskless replication # works better. repl-diskless-sync no# When diskless replication is enabled, it is possible to configure the delay # the server waits in order to spawn the child that transfers the RDB via socket # to the slaves. # # This is important since once the transfer starts, it is not possible to serve # new slaves arriving, that will be queued for the next RDB transfer, so the server # waits a delay in order to let more slaves arrive. # # The delay is specified in seconds, and by default is 5 seconds. To disable # it entirely just set it to 0 seconds and the transfer will start ASAP. repl-diskless-sync-delay 5# Slaves send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It's possible to change # this interval with the repl_ping_slave_period option. The default value is 10 # seconds. # # Slaves 在一个预定义的时间间隔内发送 ping 命令到 server 。 # 你可以改变这个时间间隔。默认为 10 秒。 # repl-ping-slave-period 10# The following option sets the replication timeout for: # # 1) Bulk transfer I/O during SYNC, from the point of view of slave. # 2) Master timeout from the point of view of slaves (data, pings). # 3) Slave timeout from the point of view of masters (REPLCONF ACK pings). # # It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value # specified for repl-ping-slave-period otherwise a timeout will be detected # every time there is low traffic between the master and the slave. # # 设置主从复制过期时间 # 这个值一定要比 repl-ping-slave-period 大 # repl-timeout 60# Disable TCP_NODELAY on the slave socket after SYNC? # # If you select "yes" Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and # less bandwidth to send data to slaves. But this can add a delay for # the data to appear on the slave side, up to 40 milliseconds with # Linux kernels using a default configuration. # # If you select "no" the delay for data to appear on the slave side will # be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication. # # By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions # or when the master and slaves are many hops away, turning this to "yes" may # be a good idea. # 指定向slave同步数据时，是否禁用socket的NO_DELAY选 项。若配置为“yes”，则禁用NO_DELAY，则TCP协议栈会合并小包统一发送，这样可以减少主从节点间的包数量并节省带宽，但会增加数据同步到 slave的时间。若配置为“no”，表明启用NO_DELAY，则TCP协议栈不会延迟小包的发送时机，这样数据同步的延时会减少，但需要更大的带宽。 通常情况下，应该配置为no以降低同步延时，但在主从节点间网络负载已经很高的情况下，可以配置为yes。 repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no# Set the replication backlog size. The backlog is a buffer that accumulates # slave data when slaves are disconnected for some time, so that when a slave # wants to reconnect again, often a full resync is not needed, but a partial # resync is enough, just passing the portion of data the slave missed while # disconnected. # # The bigger the replication backlog, the longer the time the slave can be # disconnected and later be able to perform a partial resynchronization. # # The backlog is only allocated once there is at least a slave connected. # # 设置主从复制容量大小。这个 backlog 是一个用来在 slaves 被断开连接时 # 存放 slave 数据的 buffer，所以当一个 slave 想要重新连接，通常不希望全部重新同步， # 只是部分同步就够了，仅仅传递 slave 在断开连接时丢失的这部分数据。 # # The biggest the replication backlog, the longer the time the slave can be # disconnected and later be able to perform a partial resynchronization. # 这个值越大，salve 可以断开连接的时间就越长。# repl-backlog-size 1mb# After a master has no longer connected slaves for some time, the backlog # will be freed. The following option configures the amount of seconds that # need to elapse, starting from the time the last slave disconnected, for # the backlog buffer to be freed. # # A value of 0 means to never release the backlog. # # 在某些时候，master 不再连接 slaves，backlog 将被释放。 # 如果设置为 0 ，意味着绝不释放 backlog 。 # repl-backlog-ttl 3600# The slave priority is an integer number published by Redis in the INFO output. # It is used by Redis Sentinel in order to select a slave to promote into a # master if the master is no longer working correctly. # # A slave with a low priority number is considered better for promotion, so # for instance if there are three slaves with priority 10, 100, 25 Sentinel will # pick the one with priority 10, that is the lowest. # # However a special priority of 0 marks the slave as not able to perform the # role of master, so a slave with priority of 0 will never be selected by # Redis Sentinel for promotion. # # By default the priority is 100. # 指定slave的优先级。在不只1个slave存在的部署环境下，当master宕机时，Redis # Sentinel会将priority值最小的slave提升为master。 # 这个值越小，就越会被优先选中，需要注意的是， # 若该配置项为0，则对应的slave永远不会自动提升为master。 slave-priority 100# It is possible for a master to stop accepting writes if there are less than # N slaves connected, having a lag less or equal than M seconds. # # The N slaves need to be in "online" state. # # The lag in seconds, that must be <= the specified value, is calculated from # the last ping received from the slave, that is usually sent every second. # # This option does not GUARANTEE that N replicas will accept the write, but # will limit the window of exposure for lost writes in case not enough slaves # are available, to the specified number of seconds # # For example to require at least 3 slaves with a lag <= 10 seconds use: # # min-slaves-to-write 3 # min-slaves-max-lag 10 # # Setting one or the other to 0 disables the feature. # # By default min-slaves-to-write is set to 0 (feature disabled) and # min-slaves-max-lag is set to 10.################################## SECURITY ################################### ################################## 安全#################################### Require clients to issue AUTH before processing any other # commands.This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust # others with access to the host running redis-server. # # This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most # people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers). # # Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to # 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should # use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break. # # 设置连接redis的密码 # redis速度相当快，一个外部用户在一秒钟进行150K次密码尝试，需指定强大的密码来防止暴力破解 requirepass set_enough_strong_passwd# Command renaming. # # It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared # environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something # hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools # but not available for general clients. # # Example: # # rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52 # # It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into # an empty string: # # rename-command CONFIG "" # # Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the # AOF file or transmitted to slaves may cause problems. # 重命名一些高危命令，用来禁止高危命令 rename-command FLUSHALL ZYzv6FOBdwflW2nX rename-command CONFIG aI7zwm1GDzMMrEi rename-command EVAL S9UHPKEpSvUJMM rename-command FLUSHDB D60FPVDJuip7gy6l################################### LIMITS #################################### ################################### 限制##################################### Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default # this limit is set to 10000 clients, however if the Redis server is not # able to configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit # the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit # minus 32 (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses). # # Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending # an error 'max number of clients reached'. # # 限制同时连接的客户数量,默认是10000 # 当连接数超过这个值时，redis 将不再接收其他连接请求，客户端尝试连接时将收到 error 信息 # maxclients 10000# Don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes. # When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys # according to the eviction policy selected (see maxmemory-policy). # # If Redis can't remove keys according to the policy, or if the policy is # set to 'noeviction', Redis will start to reply with errors to commands # that would use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue # to reply to read-only commands like GET. # # This option is usually useful when using Redis as an LRU cache, or to set # a hard memory limit for an instance (using the 'noeviction' policy). # # WARNING: If you have slaves attached to an instance with maxmemory on, # the size of the output buffers needed to feed the slaves are subtracted # from the used memory count, so that network problems / resyncs will # not trigger a loop where keys are evicted, and in turn the output # buffer of slaves is full with DELs of keys evicted triggering the deletion # of more keys, and so forth until the database is completely emptied. # # In short... if you have slaves attached it is suggested that you set a lower # limit for maxmemory so that there is some free RAM on the system for slave # output buffers (but this is not needed if the policy is 'noeviction'). # # 设置redis能够使用的最大内存。 # 达到最大内存设置后，Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key（设置过expire信息的key） # 在删除时,按照过期时间进行删除，最早将要被过期的key将最先被删除 # 如果已到期或即将到期的key删光，仍进行set操作，那么将返回错误 # 此时redis将不再接收写请求,只接收get请求。 # maxmemory的设置比较适合于把redis当作于类似memcached 的缓存来使用 # maxmemory # MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory # is reached. You can select among five behaviors: # # volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm # allkeys-lru -> remove any key according to the LRU algorithm # volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set # allkeys-random -> remove a random key, any key # volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL) # noeviction -> don't expire at all, just return an error on write operations # # Note: with any of the above policies, Redis will return an error on write #operations, when there are no suitable keys for eviction. # #At the date of writing these commands are: set setnx setex append #incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd #sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby #zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby #getset mset msetnx exec sort # # The default is: # # maxmemory-policy noeviction# LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated # algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can tune it for speed or # accuracy. For default Redis will check five keys and pick the one that was # used less recently, you can change the sample size using the following # configuration directive. # # The default of 5 produces good enough results. 10 Approximates very closely # true LRU but costs a bit more CPU. 3 is very fast but not very accurate. # # maxmemory-samples 5############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ################################ By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is # good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or # a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on # the configured save points). # # The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides # much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy # (see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a # dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something # wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is # still running correctly. # # AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems. # If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file # with the better durability guarantees. # # Please check http://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.# redis 默认每次更新操作后会在后台异步的把数据库镜像备份到磁盘，但该备份非常耗时，且备份不宜太频繁 # redis 同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的 # 如果发生诸如拉闸限电、拔插头等状况,那么将造成比较大范围的数据丢失 # 所以redis提供了另外一种更加高效的数据库备份及灾难恢复方式 # 开启append only 模式后,redis 将每一次写操作请求都追加到appendonly.aof 文件中 # redis重新启动时,会从该文件恢复出之前的状态。 # 但可能会造成 appendonly.aof 文件过大，所以redis支持BGREWRITEAOF 指令，对appendonly.aof重新整理,默认是不开启的。appendonly no# The name of the append only file (default: "appendonly.aof") # 默认为appendonly.aof。 appendfilename "appendonly.aof"# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk # instead of waiting for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush # data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP. # # Redis supports three different modes: # # no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster. # always: fsync after every write to the append only log. Slow, Safest. # everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise. # # The default is "everysec", as that's usually the right compromise between # speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to # "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when # it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of # some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting), # or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than # everysec. # # More details please check the following article: # http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html # # If unsure, use "everysec".# 设置对 appendonly.aof 文件进行同步的频率,有三种选择always、everysec、no，默认是everysec表示每秒同步一次。 # always 表示每次有写操作都进行同步,everysec 表示对写操作进行累积,每秒同步一次。 # no表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘，都进行同步,everysec 表示对写操作进行累积,每秒同步一次 # appendfsync always # appendfsync everysec # appendfsync no# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background # saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is # performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations # Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for # this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block # our synchronous write(2) call. # # In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option # that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a # BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress. # # This means that while another child is saving, the durability of Redis is # the same as "appendfsync none". In practical terms, this means that it is # possible to lose up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the # default Linux settings). # # If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as # "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability. # 指定是否在后台aof文件rewrite期间调用fsync，默认为no，表示要调用fsync（无论后台是否有子进程在刷盘）。Redis在后台写RDB文件或重写afo文件期间会存在大量磁盘IO，此时，在某些linux系统中，调用fsync可能会阻塞。 no-appendfsync-on-rewrite yes# Automatic rewrite of the append only file. # Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling # BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size grows by the specified percentage. # # This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the # latest rewrite (if no rewrite has happened since the restart, the size of # the AOF at startup is used). # # This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is # bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also # you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this # is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase # is reached but it is still pretty small. # # Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF # rewrite feature. # 指定Redis重写aof文件的条件，默认为100，表示与上次rewrite的aof文件大小相比，当前aof文件增长量超过上次afo文件大小的100%时，就会触发background rewrite。若配置为0，则会禁用自动rewrite auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100# 指定触发rewrite的aof文件大小。若aof文件小于该值，即使当前文件的增量比例达到auto-aof-rewrite-percentage的配置值，也不会触发自动rewrite。即这两个配置项同时满足时，才会触发rewrite。 auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb# An AOF file may be found to be truncated at the end during the Redis # startup process, when the AOF data gets loaded back into memory. # This may happen when the system where Redis is running # crashes, especially when an ext4 filesystem is mounted without the # data=https://www.it610.com/article/ordered option (however this can't happen when Redis itself # crashes or aborts but the operating system still works correctly). # # Redis can either exit with an error when this happens, or load as much # data as possible (the default now) and start if the AOF file is found # to be truncated at the end. The following option controls this behavior. # # If aof-load-truncated is set to yes, a truncated AOF file is loaded and # the Redis server starts emitting a log to inform the user of the event. # Otherwise if the option is set to no, the server aborts with an error # and refuses to start. When the option is set to no, the user requires # to fix the AOF file using the "redis-check-aof" utility before to restart # the server. # # Note that if the AOF file will be found to be corrupted in the middle # the server will still exit with an error. This option only applies when # Redis will try to read more data from the AOF file but not enough bytes # will be found. aof-load-truncated yes################################ LUA SCRIPTING################################ Max execution time of a Lua script in milliseconds. # # If the maximum execution time is reached Redis will log that a script is # still in execution after the maximum allowed time and will start to # reply to queries with an error. # # When a long running script exceeds the maximum execution time only the # SCRIPT KILL and SHUTDOWN NOSAVE commands are available. The first can be # used to stop a script that did not yet called write commands. The second # is the only way to shut down the server in the case a write command was # already issued by the script but the user doesn't want to wait for the natural # termination of the script. # # Set it to 0 or a negative value for unlimited execution without warnings. # 一个Lua脚本最长的执行时间，单位为毫秒，如果为0或负数表示无限执行时间，默认为5000 lua-time-limit 5000################################ REDIS CLUSTER############################### # # ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ # WARNING EXPERIMENTAL: Redis Cluster is considered to be stable code, however # in order to mark it as "mature" we need to wait for a non trivial percentage # of users to deploy it in production. # ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ # # Normal Redis instances can't be part of a Redis Cluster; only nodes that are # started as cluster nodes can. In order to start a Redis instance as a # cluster node enable the cluster support uncommenting the following: # # cluster-enabled yes# Every cluster node has a cluster configuration file. This file is not # intended to be edited by hand. It is created and updated by Redis nodes. # Every Redis Cluster node requires a different cluster configuration file. # Make sure that instances running in the same system do not have # overlapping cluster configuration file names. # # cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf# Cluster node timeout is the amount of milliseconds a node must be unreachable # for it to be considered in failure state. # Most other internal time limits are multiple of the node timeout. # # cluster-node-timeout 15000# A slave of a failing master will avoid to start a failover if its data # looks too old. # # There is no simple way for a slave to actually have a exact measure of # its "data age", so the following two checks are performed: # # 1) If there are multiple slaves able to failover, they exchange messages #in order to try to give an advantage to the slave with the best #replication offset (more data from the master processed). #Slaves will try to get their rank by offset, and apply to the start #of the failover a delay proportional to their rank. # # 2) Every single slave computes the time of the last interaction with #its master. This can be the last ping or command received (if the master #is still in the "connected" state), or the time that elapsed since the #disconnection with the master (if the replication link is currently down). #If the last interaction is too old, the slave will not try to failover #at all. # # The point "2" can be tuned by user. Specifically a slave will not perform # the failover if, since the last interaction with the master, the time # elapsed is greater than: # #(node-timeout * slave-validity-factor) + repl-ping-slave-period # # So for example if node-timeout is 30 seconds, and the slave-validity-factor # is 10, and assuming a default repl-ping-slave-period of 10 seconds, the # slave will not try to failover if it was not able to talk with the master # for longer than 310 seconds. # # A large slave-validity-factor may allow slaves with too old data to failover # a master, while a too small value may prevent the cluster from being able to # elect a slave at all. # # For maximum availability, it is possible to set the slave-validity-factor # to a value of 0, which means, that slaves will always try to failover the # master regardless of the last time they interacted with the master. # (However they'll always try to apply a delay proportional to their # offset rank). # # Zero is the only value able to guarantee that when all the partitions heal # the cluster will always be able to continue. # # cluster-slave-validity-factor 10# Cluster slaves are able to migrate to orphaned masters, that are masters # that are left without working slaves. This improves the cluster ability # to resist to failures as otherwise an orphaned master can't be failed over # in case of failure if it has no working slaves. # # Slaves migrate to orphaned masters only if there are still at least a # given number of other working slaves for their old master. This number # is the "migration barrier". A migration barrier of 1 means that a slave # will migrate only if there is at least 1 other working slave for its master # and so forth. It usually reflects the number of slaves you want for every # master in your cluster. # # Default is 1 (slaves migrate only if their masters remain with at least # one slave). To disable migration just set it to a very large value. # A value of 0 can be set but is useful only for debugging and dangerous # in production. # # cluster-migration-barrier 1# By default Redis Cluster nodes stop accepting queries if they detect there # is at least an hash slot uncovered (no available node is serving it). # This way if the cluster is partially down (for example a range of hash slots # are no longer covered) all the cluster becomes, eventually, unavailable. # It automatically returns available as soon as all the slots are covered again. # # However sometimes you want the subset of the cluster which is working, # to continue to accept queries for the part of the key space that is still # covered. In order to do so, just set the cluster-require-full-coverage # option to no. # # cluster-require-full-coverage yes# In order to setup your cluster make sure to read the documentation # available at http://redis.io web site.################################## SLOW LOG #################################### The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified # execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations # like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth, # but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only # stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve # other requests in the meantime). # # You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis # what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the # command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the # slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the # queue of logged commands.# The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent # to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while # a value of zero forces the logging of every command. slowlog-log-slower-than 10000# There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory. # You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET. slowlog-max-len 128################################ LATENCY MONITOR ############################### The Redis latency monitoring subsystem samples different operations # at runtime in order to collect data related to possible sources of # latency of a Redis instance. # # Via the LATENCY command this information is available to the user that can # print graphs and obtain reports. # # The system only logs operations that were performed in a time equal or # greater than the amount of milliseconds specified via the # latency-monitor-threshold configuration directive. When its value is set # to zero, the latency monitor is turned off. # # By default latency monitoring is disabled since it is mostly not needed # if you don't have latency issues, and collecting data has a performance # impact, that while very small, can be measured under big load. Latency # monitoring can easily be enabled at runtime using the command # "CONFIG SET latency-monitor-threshold " if needed. latency-monitor-threshold 0############################# EVENT NOTIFICATION ############################### Redis can notify Pub/Sub clients about events happening in the key space. # This feature is documented at http://redis.io/topics/notifications # # For instance if keyspace events notification is enabled, and a client # performs a DEL operation on key "foo" stored in the Database 0, two # messages will be published via Pub/Sub: # # PUBLISH __keyspace@0__:foo del # PUBLISH __keyevent@0__:del foo # # It is possible to select the events that Redis will notify among a set # of classes. Every class is identified by a single character: # #KKeyspace events, published with __keyspace@ __ prefix. #EKeyevent events, published with __keyevent@ __ prefix. #gGeneric commands (non-type specific) like DEL, EXPIRE, RENAME, ... #$String commands #lList commands #sSet commands #hHash commands #zSorted set commands #xExpired events (events generated every time a key expires) #eEvicted events (events generated when a key is evicted for maxmemory) #AAlias for g$lshzxe, so that the "AKE" string means all the events. # #The "notify-keyspace-events" takes as argument a string that is composed #of zero or multiple characters. The empty string means that notifications #are disabled. # #Example: to enable list and generic events, from the point of view of the #event name, use: # #notify-keyspace-events Elg # #Example 2: to get the stream of the expired keys subscribing to channel #name __keyevent@0__:expired use: # #notify-keyspace-events Ex # #By default all notifications are disabled because most users don't need #this feature and the feature has some overhead. Note that if you don't #specify at least one of K or E, no events will be delivered. notify-keyspace-events ""############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ################################ Hashes are encoded using a memory efficient data structure when they have a # small number of entries, and the biggest entry does not exceed a given # threshold. These thresholds can be configured using the following directives. # 当hash中包含超过指定元素个数并且最大的元素没有超过临界时， # hash将以一种特殊的编码方式（大大减少内存使用）来存储，这里可以设置这两个临界值 hash-max-ziplist-entries 512 hash-max-ziplist-value 64# Similarly to hashes, small lists are also encoded in a special way in order # to save a lot of space. The special representation is only used when # you are under the following limits: # list数据类型多少节点以下会采用去指针的紧凑存储格式。 # list数据类型节点值大小小于多少字节会采用紧凑存储格式。 list-max-ziplist-entries 512 list-max-ziplist-value 64# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed # of just strings that happen to be integers in radix 10 in the range # of 64 bit signed integers. # The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the # set in order to use this special memory saving encoding. # set数据类型内部数据如果全部是数值型，且包含多少节点以下会采用紧凑格式存储。 set-max-intset-entries 512# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in # order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and # elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:# zsort数据类型多少节点以下会采用去指针的紧凑存储格式。 # zsort数据类型节点值大小小于多少字节会采用紧凑存储格式。 zset-max-ziplist-entries 128 zset-max-ziplist-value 64# HyperLogLog sparse representation bytes limit. The limit includes the # 16 bytes header. When an HyperLogLog using the sparse representation crosses # this limit, it is converted into the dense representation. # # A value greater than 16000 is totally useless, since at that point the # dense representation is more memory efficient. # # The suggested value is ~ 3000 in order to have the benefits of # the space efficient encoding without slowing down too much PFADD, # which is O(N) with the sparse encoding. The value can be raised to # ~ 10000 when CPU is not a concern, but space is, and the data set is # composed of many HyperLogLogs with cardinality in the 0 - 15000 range. hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000# Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in # order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level # keys to values). The hash table implementation Redis uses (see dict.c) # performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into a hash table # that is rehashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the # server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used # by the hash table. # # The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to # actively rehash the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible. # # If unsure: # use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is # not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply from time to time # to queries with 2 milliseconds delay. # # use "activerehashing yes" if you don't have such hard requirements but # want to free memory asap when possible.# Redis将在每100毫秒时使用1毫秒的CPU时间来对redis的hash表进行重新hash，可以降低内存的使用 # 当你的使用场景中，有非常严格的实时性需要，不能够接受Redis时不时的对请求有2毫秒的延迟的话，把这项配置为no。 # 如果没有这么严格的实时性要求，可以设置为yes，以便能够尽可能快的释放内存 activerehashing yes# The client output buffer limits can be used to force disconnection of clients # that are not reading data from the server fast enough for some reason (a # common reason is that a Pub/Sub client can't consume messages as fast as the # publisher can produce them). # # The limit can be set differently for the three different classes of clients: # # normal -> normal clients including MONITOR clients # slave-> slave clients # pubsub -> clients subscribed to at least one pubsub channel or pattern # # The syntax of every client-output-buffer-limit directive is the following: # # client-output-buffer-limit # # A client is immediately disconnected once the hard limit is reached, or if # the soft limit is reached and remains reached for the specified number of # seconds (continuously). # So for instance if the hard limit is 32 megabytes and the soft limit is # 16 megabytes / 10 seconds, the client will get disconnected immediately # if the size of the output buffers reach 32 megabytes, but will also get # disconnected if the client reaches 16 megabytes and continuously overcomes # the limit for 10 seconds. # # By default normal clients are not limited because they don't receive data # without asking (in a push way), but just after a request, so only # asynchronous clients may create a scenario where data is requested faster # than it can read. # # Instead there is a default limit for pubsub and slave clients, since # subscribers and slaves receive data in a push fashion. # # Both the hard or the soft limit can be disabled by setting them to zero. client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0 client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60 client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60# Redis calls an internal function to perform many background tasks, like # closing connections of clients in timeout, purging expired keys that are # never requested, and so forth. # # Not all tasks are performed with the same frequency, but Redis checks for # tasks to perform according to the specified "hz" value. # # By default "hz" is set to 10. Raising the value will use more CPU when # Redis is idle, but at the same time will make Redis more responsive when # there are many keys expiring at the same time, and timeouts may be # handled with more precision. # # The range is between 1 and 500, however a value over 100 is usually not # a good idea. Most users should use the default of 10 and raise this up to # 100 only in environments where very low latency is required. hz 10# When a child rewrites the AOF file, if the following option is enabled # the file will be fsync-ed every 32 MB of data generated. This is useful # in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid # big latency spikes. # aof rewrite过程中,是否采取增量文件同步策略,默认为“yes”。 rewrite过程中,每32M数据进行一次文件同步,这样可以减少aof大文件写入对磁盘的操作次数 aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes# redis数据存储 redis的存储分为内存存储、磁盘存储和log文件三部分，配置文件中有三个参数对其进行配置。 save seconds updates，save配置，指出在多长时间内，有多少次更新操作，就将数据同步到数据文件。可多个条件配合，默认配置了三个条件。 appendonly yes/no ，appendonly配置，指出是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录，如果不开启，可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。因为redis本身同步数据文件是按上面的save条件来同步的，所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。 appendfsync no/always/everysec ，appendfsync配置，no表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘，always表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘，everysec表示每秒同步一次。
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