图像处理|【OpenCV】形态学处理 OpenCV||图像处理

形态学 ??形态学处理包括：开运算、闭运算、形态学梯度、顶帽、黑帽、击中或击不中变换。通过函数 cv::morphologyEx实现。

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??开运算Opening

??dst=open(src,element)=dilate(erode(src,element))

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??闭运算Closing

??dst=close(src,element)=erode(dilate(src,element))

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??形态学梯度Morphological Gradient

??dst=morphgrad(src,element)=dilate(src,element)?erode(src,element)

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??顶帽Top Hat

??dst=tophat(src,element)=src?open(src,element)

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??黑帽Black Hat

??dst=blackhat(src,element)=close(src,element)?src

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??击中或击不中变换Hit-or-Miss

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代码示例

#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp" #include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp" #include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"using namespace cv; Mat src, dst; int morph_elem = 0; int morph_size = 0; int morph_operator = 0; int max_operator = 4; int max_elem = 2; int max_kernel_size = 21; char* window_name = "Morphology"; void Morphology_Operations(int, void*); int main(int argc, char** argv) { String imageName("../data/baboon.jpg"); src = https://www.it610.com/article/imread(imageName, IMREAD_COLOR); if (src.empty()) { return -1; }namedWindow(window_name, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE); createTrackbar("Operator:\n 0:Opening 1:Closing\n 2:Gradient 3:Top Hat \n 4:Black Hat", window_name, &morph_operator, max_operator, Morphology_Operations); createTrackbar("Element:\n 0: Rect - 1: Cross - 2: Ellipse", window_name, &morph_elem, max_elem, Morphology_Operations); createTrackbar("Kernel size:\n 2n +1", window_name, &morph_size, max_kernel_size, Morphology_Operations); Morphology_Operations(0, 0); waitKey(0); return 0; }void Morphology_Operations(int, void*) { int operation = morph_operator + 2; // 见开头的表，MORPH_X : 2,3,4,5 and 6 Mat element = getStructuringElement(morph_elem, Size(2 * morph_size + 1, 2 * morph_size + 1), Point(morph_size, morph_size)); morphologyEx(src, dst, operation, element); // 形态学处理 imshow(window_name, dst); }

运行结果

原图像

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开运算、闭运算

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形态学梯度

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顶帽、黑帽

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击中或击不中

#include #include #include using namespace cv; int main() { Mat input_image = (Mat_(8, 8) << 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 255, 0, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255, 255, 255, 0, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255, 0, 0, 255, 255, 0, 0, 255, 0, 255, 0, 0, 255, 0, 0, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0); Mat kernel = (Mat_(3, 3) << 0, 1, 0, 1, -1, 1, 0, 1, 0); Mat output_image; morphologyEx(input_image, output_image, MORPH_HITMISS, kernel); // 形态学处理：hit or missconst int rate = 50; // 放大显示 kernel = (kernel + 1) * 127; kernel.convertTo(kernel, CV_8U); resize(input_image, input_image, Size(), rate, rate, INTER_NEAREST); // 原图像 imshow("Original", input_image); resize(kernel, kernel, Size(), rate, rate, INTER_NEAREST); // 掩模 imshow("kernel", kernel); resize(output_image, output_image, Size(), rate, rate, INTER_NEAREST); // 击中或击不中 imshow("Hit or Miss", output_image); waitKey(0); return 0; }

运行结果