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python函数运算卷积 python的卷积函数( 五 )

IT技术模型


def iter_occlusion(image, size=8):
# taken from
occlusion = np.full((size * 5, size * 5, 1), [0.5], np.float32)
occlusion_center = np.full((size, size, 1), [0.5], np.float32)
occlusion_padding = size * 2
# print('padding...')
image_padded = np.pad(image, ( \(occlusion_padding, occlusion_padding), (occlusion_padding, occlusion_padding), (0, 0) \), 'constant', constant_values = 0.0)
for y in range(occlusion_padding, image.shape[0] + occlusion_padding, size):
for x in range(occlusion_padding, image.shape[1] + occlusion_padding, size):
tmp = image_padded.copy()
tmp[y - occlusion_padding:y + occlusion_center.shape[0] + occlusion_padding, \
x - occlusion_padding:x + occlusion_center.shape[1] + occlusion_padding] \= occlusion
tmp[y:y + occlusion_center.shape[0], x:x + occlusion_center.shape[1]] = occlusion_centeryield x - occlusion_padding, y - occlusion_padding, \
tmp[occlusion_padding:tmp.shape[0] - occlusion_padding, occlusion_padding:tmp.shape[1] - occlusion_padding]i = 23 # for exampledata = https://www.04ip.com/post/val_x[i]correct_class = np.argmax(val_y[i])
# input tensor for model.predictinp = data.reshape(1, 28, 28, 1)# image data for matplotlib's imshowimg = data.reshape(28, 28)
# occlusionimg_size = img.shape[0]
occlusion_size = 4print('occluding...')heatmap = np.zeros((img_size, img_size), np.float32)class_pixels = np.zeros((img_size, img_size), np.int16)
from collections import defaultdict
counters = defaultdict(int)for n, (x, y, img_float) in enumerate(iter_occlusion(data, size=occlusion_size)):
X = img_float.reshape(1, 28, 28, 1)
out = model.predict(X)
#print('#{}: {} @ {} (correct class: {})'.format(n, np.argmax(out), np.amax(out), out[0][correct_class]))
#print('x {} - {} | y {} - {}'.format(x, x + occlusion_size, y, y + occlusion_size))
heatmap[y:y + occlusion_size, x:x + occlusion_size] = out[0][correct_class]
class_pixels[y:y + occlusion_size, x:x + occlusion_size] = np.argmax(out)
counters[np.argmax(out)] += 1
正如之前的坦克案例中看到的那样，怎么才能知道模型侧重于哪部分的预测呢？为此，可以使用显著图解决这个问题 。显著图首先在这篇文章中被介绍 。
使用显著图的概念相当直接——计算输出类别相对于输入图像的梯度 。这应该告诉我们输出类别值对于输入图像像素中的微小变化是怎样变化的 。梯度中的所有正值告诉我们，像素的一个小变化会增加输出值 。因此，将这些梯度可视化可以提供一些直观的信息，这种方法突出了对输出贡献最大的显著图像区域 。
class_idx = 0indices = np.where(val_y[:, class_idx] == 1.)[0]
# pick some random input from here.idx = indices[0]
# Lets sanity check the picked image.from matplotlib import pyplot as plt%matplotlib inline
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (18, 6)plt.imshow(val_x[idx][..., 0])
from vis.visualization import visualize_saliency
from vis.utils import utilsfrom keras import activations# Utility to search for layer index by name.
# Alternatively we can specify this as -1 since it corresponds to the last layer.
layer_idx = utils.find_layer_idx(model, 'preds')
# Swap softmax with linearmodel.layers[layer_idx].activation = activations.linear
model = utils.apply_modifications(model)grads = visualize_saliency(model, layer_idx, filter_indices=class_idx, seed_input=val_x[idx])
# Plot with 'jet' colormap to visualize as a heatmap.plt.imshow(grads, cmap='jet')
# This corresponds to the Dense linear layer.for class_idx in np.arange(10):
indices = np.where(val_y[:, class_idx] == 1.)[0]
idx = indices[0]
f, ax = plt.subplots(1, 4)
ax[0].imshow(val_x[idx][..., 0])
for i, modifier in enumerate([None, 'guided', 'relu']):
grads = visualize_saliency(model, layer_idx, filter_indices=class_idx,

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