SpringBoot|SpringBoot揭密(spring-boot-starter-actuator与应用监控)

系统上线后其稳定性是至关重要的,开发者做到对系统运行状态及各种信息了如指掌,才有底气保证系统没有问题,很多开发者连通过运行数据来监控系统状态的意识都没有,系统上线稳定后是否稳定全凭运气和被动接收用户反馈才知道。
【SpringBoot|SpringBoot揭密(spring-boot-starter-actuator与应用监控)】SpringBoot提供了非常成熟的应用监控模块SpringBoot Actuator,其中Actuator可理解为探测器,通过spring-boot-starter-actuator开箱即用,即可获得通过HTTP或者JMX方式暴露的EndPoint,EndPoint可理解为Spring MVC中类似于Controller的Handler,引入以下依赖,即可获取该功能:

org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-actuator

配置management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*,通过访问basePath:/actuator能看到目前提供的endpoint,典型的如health(可用于健康检查)、info、metrics(可用于指标监控)
{ "_links": { "self": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator", "templated": false }, "beans": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/beans", "templated": false }, "caches-cache": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/caches/{cache}", "templated": true }, "caches": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/caches", "templated": false }, "health": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/health", "templated": false }, "health-path": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/health/{*path}", "templated": true }, "info": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/info", "templated": false }, "conditions": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/conditions", "templated": false }, "configprops": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/configprops", "templated": false }, "env": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/env", "templated": false }, "env-toMatch": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/env/{toMatch}", "templated": true }, "loggers": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/loggers", "templated": false }, "loggers-name": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/loggers/{name}", "templated": true }, "heapdump": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/heapdump", "templated": false }, "threaddump": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/threaddump", "templated": false }, "metrics-requiredMetricName": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/metrics/{requiredMetricName}", "templated": true }, "metrics": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/metrics", "templated": false }, "scheduledtasks": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/scheduledtasks", "templated": false }, "mappings": { "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/mappings", "templated": false } } }

这些信息均是可以自定义扩展的,特别是health和metrics,对于指标数据,SpringBoot Actuator对接了各种监控系统,支持将指标数据上报到监控系统可视化及配置告警,如监控系统prometheus和可视化grafana,Actuator采用了MicroMeter技术来采集指标,MicroMeter可理解为类似于SLF4J的门面,可以将监控指标数据Meter注册到各监控系统的注册表MeterRegister中,最终通过监控系统所需的格式上报上去,如果对接prometheus,可引入以下依赖:
io.micrometer micrometer-registry-prometheus

Actuator中引入了诸多自动装配类,但发现满足prometheus endpoint自动装配条件(@ConditionalOnClass(PrometheusMeterRegistry.class)普罗米修斯这个类正是上面依赖引入的)后即提供新的接口:http://localhost:8080/actuator/prometheus

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