Android深入四大组件应用程序启动过程 _四大组件

从来好事天生俭，自古瓜儿苦后甜。这篇文章主要讲述Android深入四大组件应用程序启动过程相关的知识，希望能为你提供帮助。
相关文章
Android系统架构与系统源码目录
Android系统启动流程（一）解析init进程启动过程
Android系统启动流程（二）解析Zygote进程启动过程
Android系统启动流程（三）解析SyetemServer进程启动过程
Android系统启动流程（四） Launcher启动过程与系统启动流程
Android应用程序进程启动过程（前篇）
Android应用程序进程启动过程（后篇）
前言
在此前的文章中，我讲过了android系统启动流程和Android应用进程启动过程，这一篇顺理成章来学习Android 7.0的应用程序的启动过程。分析应用程序的启动过程其实就是分析根Activity的启动过程。
1.Launcher请求ActivityManageService
在 Android系统启动流程（四） Launcher启动过程与系统启动流程这篇文章我讲过Launcher启动后会将已安装应用程序的快捷图标显示到界面上，当我们点击应用程序的快捷图标时就会调用Launcher的startActivitySafely方法，如下所示。
packages/apps/Launcher3/src/com/android/launcher3/Launcher.java

public boolean startActivitySafely(View v, Intent intent, Object tag) { ... try { success = startActivity(v, intent, tag); } catch (ActivityNotFoundException e) { Toast.makeText(this, R.string.activity_not_found, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); Log.e(TAG, " Unable to launch. tag= " + tag + " intent= " + intent, e); } return success; }

startActivitySafely函数中主要就是调用了startActivity函数：
packages/apps/Launcher3/src/com/android/launcher3/Launcher.java

private boolean startActivity(View v, Intent intent, Object tag) { intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); //1 try { ... if (user = = null || user.equals(UserHandleCompat.myUserHandle())) { StrictMode.VmPolicy oldPolicy = StrictMode.getVmPolicy(); try { StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder().detectAll() .penaltyLog().build()); startActivity(intent, optsBundle); //2 } finally { StrictMode.setVmPolicy(oldPolicy); } } else { launcherApps.startActivityForProfile(intent.getComponent(), user, intent.getSourceBounds(), optsBundle); } return true; } catch (SecurityException e) { ... } return false; }

在注释1处设置Flag为Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK，这样根Activity会在新的任务栈中启动。在注释2处调用了startActivity函数：
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Activity.java

Override public void startActivity(Intent intent, @ Nullable Bundle options) { if (options != null) { startActivityForResult(intent, -1, options); } else { startActivityForResult(intent, -1); } }

startActivity会调用startActivityForResult函数，其中第二个参数为-1，表示Launcher不需要知道Activity启动的结果， startActivityForResult函数的代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Activity.java

public void startActivityForResult(@ RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode, @ Nullable Bundle options) { if (mParent = = null) { Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar = mInstrumentation.execStartActivity( this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this, intent, requestCode, options); ... } else { ... } }

mParent是Activity类型的，表示当前Activity的父类。因为目前根Activity还没有创建出来，因此， mParent = = null成立。接着调用Instrumentation的execStartActivity方法， Instrumentation主要用来监控应用程序和系统的交互， execStartActivity方法的代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Instrumentation.java

public ActivityResult execStartActivity( Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target, Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) { ... try { intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData(); intent.prepareToLeaveProcess(who); int result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault() .startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent, intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()), token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null, requestCode, 0, null, options); checkStartActivityResult(result, intent); } catch (RemoteException e) { throw new RuntimeException(" Failure from system" , e); } return null; }

首先会调用ActivityManagerNative的getDefault来获取ActivityManageService（以后简称为AMS)的代理对象，接着调用它的startActivity方法。首先我们先来查看ActivityManagerNative的getDefault方法做了什么：
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java

static public IActivityManager getDefault() { return gDefault.get(); }private static final Singleton< IActivityManager> gDefault = new Singleton< IActivityManager> () { protected IActivityManager create() { IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(" activity" ); //1 if (false) { Log.v(" ActivityManager" , " default service binder = " + b); } IActivityManager am = asInterface(b); //2 if (false) { Log.v(" ActivityManager" , " default service = " + am); } return am; } }; }

getDefault方法调用了gDefault的get方法，我们接着往下看， gDefault 是一个Singleton类。注释1处得到名为”activity”的Service代理对象，也就是ActivityManagerService的代理对象。接着在注释2处将它封装成ActivityManagerProxy(以后简称为AMP)类型对象，并将它保存到gDefault中，此后调用ActivityManagerNative的getDefault方法就会直接获得AMS的代理AMP对象。
回到Instrumentation类的execStartActivity方法中，从上面得知就是调用AMP的startActivity，其中AMP是ActivityManagerNative的内部类，代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java

public int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle options) throws RemoteException { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(); data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor); data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null); data.writeString(callingPackage); intent.writeToParcel(data, 0); data.writeString(resolvedType); data.writeStrongBinder(resultTo); data.writeString(resultWho); data.writeInt(requestCode); data.writeInt(startFlags); if (profilerInfo != null) { data.writeInt(1); profilerInfo.writeToParcel(data, Parcelable.PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE); } else { data.writeInt(0); } if (options != null) { data.writeInt(1); options.writeToParcel(data, 0); } else { data.writeInt(0); } mRemote.transact(START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0); //1 reply.readException(); int result = reply.readInt(); reply.recycle(); data.recycle(); return result; }

首先会将传入的参数写入到Parcel类型的data中。在注释1处通过IBinder对象mRemote想AMS发送一个START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION类型的进程间通信请求。那么服务端AMS就会从Binder线程池中读取我们客户端发来的数据，最终会调用ActivityManagerNative的onTransact方法中执行，如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java

@ Override public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags) throws RemoteException { switch (code) { case START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION: { ... int result = startActivity(app, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, options); reply.writeNoException(); reply.writeInt(result); return true; } }

onTransact中会调用AMS的startActivity方法，如下所示。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java

@ Override public final int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions) { return startActivityAsUser(caller, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, bOptions, UserHandle.getCallingUserId()); }

为了便于理解，给出Launcher到AMS调用过程的时序图。

文章图片

2.ActivityManageService到ApplicationThread的调用流程
AMS的startActivity方法中return了startActivityAsUser方法：
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java

@ Override public final int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions, int userId) { enforceNotIsolatedCaller(" startActivity" ); userId = mUserController.handleIncomingUser(Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), userId, false, ALLOW_FULL_ONLY, " startActivity" , null); return mActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait(caller, -1, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType, null, null, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, null, null, bOptions, false, userId, null, null);

startActivityAsUser方法中又return了mActivityStarter的startActivityMayWait方法，代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStarter.java

final int startActivityMayWait(IApplicationThread caller, int callingUid, String callingPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, IActivityManager.WaitResult outResult, Configuration config, Bundle bOptions, boolean ignoreTargetSecurity, int userId, IActivityContainer iContainer, TaskRecord inTask) { ... int res = startActivityLocked(caller, intent, ephemeralIntent, resolvedType, aInfo, rInfo, voiceSession, voiceInteractor, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, callingPid, callingUid, callingPackage, realCallingPid, realCallingUid, startFlags, options, ignoreTargetSecurity, componentSpecified, outRecord, container, inTask); ... return res; } }

又调用了startActivityLocked方法，代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStarter.java

final int startActivityLocked(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, Intent ephemeralIntent, String resolvedType, ActivityInfo aInfo, ResolveInfo rInfo, IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int callingPid, int callingUid, String callingPackage, int realCallingPid, int realCallingUid, int startFlags, ActivityOptions options, boolean ignoreTargetSecurity, boolean componentSpecified, ActivityRecord[] outActivity, ActivityStackSupervisor.ActivityContainer container, TaskRecord inTask) { ...doPendingActivityLaunchesLocked(false); ... return err; }

startActivityLocked函数代码非常多，我们只需要关注doPendingActivityLaunchesLocked方法，代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStarter.java

final void doPendingActivityLaunchesLocked(boolean doResume) { while (!mPendingActivityLaunches.isEmpty()) { final PendingActivityLaunch pal = mPendingActivityLaunches.remove(0); final boolean resume = doResume & & mPendingActivityLaunches.isEmpty(); try { final int result = startActivityUnchecked( pal.r, pal.sourceRecord, null, null, pal.startFlags, resume, null, null); postStartActivityUncheckedProcessing( pal.r, result, mSupervisor.mFocusedStack.mStackId, mSourceRecord, mTargetStack); } catch (Exception e) { Slog.e(TAG, " Exception during pending activity launch pal= " + pal, e); pal.sendErrorResult(e.getMessage()); } } }

接着又调用startActivityUnchecked方法：
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStarter.java

private int startActivityUnchecked(final ActivityRecord r, ActivityRecord sourceRecord, IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor, int startFlags, boolean doResume, ActivityOptions options, TaskRecord inTask) { ... mSupervisor.resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked(); ... return START_SUCCESS; }

startActivityUnchecked方法中调用了ActivityStackSupervisor类型的mSupervisor的resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked方法，如下所示。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStackSupervisor.java

boolean resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked( ActivityStack targetStack, ActivityRecord target, ActivityOptions targetOptions) { if (targetStack != null & & isFocusedStack(targetStack)) { return targetStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(target, targetOptions); } final ActivityRecord r = mFocusedStack.topRunningActivityLocked(); if (r = = null || r.state != RESUMED) { mFocusedStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(null, null); //1 } return false; }

在注释1处又调用了ActivityStack类型mFocusedStack的resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked方法：
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java

boolean resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(ActivityRecord prev, ActivityOptions options) { ... try { ... result = resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(prev, options); } finally { mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity = false; } return result; }

紧接着查看ActivityStack的resumeTopActivityInnerLocked方法：
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java

private boolean resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(ActivityRecord prev, ActivityOptions options) { ... mStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked(next, true, true); } if (DEBUG_STACK) mStackSupervisor.validateTopActivitiesLocked(); return true;

resumeTopActivityInnerLocked方法代码非常多，我们只需要关注调用了ActivityStackSupervisor类型mStackSupervisor的startSpecificActivityLocked方法，代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStackSupervisor.java

void startSpecificActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) { ProcessRecord app = mService.getProcessRecordLocked(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo.uid, true); r.task.stack.setLaunchTime(r); if (app != null & & app.thread != null) {//1 try { if ((r.info.flags& ActivityInfo.FLAG_MULTIPROCESS) = = 0 || !" android" .equals(r.info.packageName)) { app.addPackage(r.info.packageName, r.info.applicationInfo.versionCode, mService.mProcessStats); } realStartActivityLocked(r, app, andResume, checkConfig); //2 return; } catch (RemoteException e) { Slog.w(TAG, " Exception when starting activity " + r.intent.getComponent().flattenToShortString(), e); } } mService.startProcessLocked(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo, true, 0, " activity" , r.intent.getComponent(), false, false, true); }

在注释1处如果当前Activity所在的Application运行的话，会执行注释2处的代码。realStartActivityLocked方法的代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStackSupervisor.java

final boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, ProcessRecord app, boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) throws RemoteException { ... app.thread.scheduleLaunchActivity(new Intent(r.intent), r.appToken, System.identityHashCode(r), r.info, new Configuration(mService.mConfiguration), new Configuration(task.mOverrideConfig), r.compat, r.launchedFromPackage, task.voiceInteractor, app.repProcState, r.icicle, r.persistentState, results, newIntents, !andResume, mService.isNextTransitionForward(), profilerInfo); ...return true; }

这里的 app.thread指的是IApplicationThread，它的实现是ActivityThread的内部类ApplicationThread，其中ApplicationThread继承了ApplicationThreadNative，而ApplicationThreadNative继承了Binder并实现了IApplicationThread接口。
讲到这里再给出ActivityManageService到ApplicationThread调用过程的时序图，如下图所示。

文章图片

3.ActivityThread启动Activity
Android应用程序进程启动过程（前篇）这篇文章中提到过ActivityThread，在应用程序进程启动时会创建ActivityThread实例。ActivityThread作为应用程序进程的核心类，它是如何启动应用程序（ Activity）的呢？我们接着往下看。
根据上文接着查看ApplicationThread的scheduleLaunchActivity方法，代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

@ Override public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident, ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, Configuration overrideConfig, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor, int procState, Bundle state, PersistableBundle persistentState, List< ResultInfo> pendingResults, List< ReferrerIntent> pendingNewIntents, boolean notResumed, boolean isForward, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo) { updateProcessState(procState, false); ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord(); r.token = token; r.ident = ident; r.intent = intent; r.referrer = referrer; r.voiceInteractor = voiceInteractor; r.activityInfo = info; r.compatInfo = compatInfo; r.state = state; r.persistentState = persistentState; r.pendingResults = pendingResults; r.pendingIntents = pendingNewIntents; r.startsNotResumed = notResumed; r.isForward = isForward; r.profilerInfo = profilerInfo; r.overrideConfig = overrideConfig; updatePendingConfiguration(curConfig); sendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r); }

scheduleLaunchActivity方法会将启动Activity的参数封装成ActivityClientRecord ， sendMessage方法向H类发送类型为LAUNCH_ACTIVITY的消息，并将ActivityClientRecord 传递过去， sendMessage方法的代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

private void sendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1, int arg2, boolean async) { ... mH.sendMessage(msg); }

这里mH指的是H，它是ActivityThread的内部类并继承Handler， H的代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

private class H extends Handler { public static final int LAUNCH_ACTIVITY= 100; public static final int PAUSE_ACTIVITY= 101; ... public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, " > > > handling: " + codeToString(msg.what)); switch (msg.what) { case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: { Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, " activityStart" ); final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj; //1 r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck( r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo); //2 handleLaunchActivity(r, null, " LAUNCH_ACTIVITY" ); //3 Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER); } break; case RELAUNCH_ACTIVITY: { Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, " activityRestart" ); ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord)msg.obj; handleRelaunchActivity(r); Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER); } break; ... }

查看H的handleMessage方法中对LAUNCH_ACTIVITY的处理，在注释1处将传过来的msg的成员变量obj转换为ActivityClientRecord。
在注释2处通过getPackageInfoNoCheck方法获得LoadedApk类型的对象并赋值给ActivityClientRecord 的成员变量packageInfo 。应用程序进程要启动Activity时需要将该Activity所属的APK加载进来，而LoadedApk就是用来描述已加载的APK文件。
在注释3处调用handleLaunchActivity方法，代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent, String reason) { ... Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent); //1 if (a != null) { r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration); reportSizeConfigurations(r); Bundle oldState = r.state; handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward, !r.activity.mFinished & & !r.startsNotResumed, r.lastProcessedSeq, reason); //1if (!r.activity.mFinished & & r.startsNotResumed) { performPauseActivityIfNeeded(r, reason); if (r.isPreHoneycomb()) { r.state = oldState; } } } else { try { ActivityManagerNative.getDefault() .finishActivity(r.token, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null, Activity.DONT_FINISH_TASK_WITH_ACTIVITY); } catch (RemoteException ex) { throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer(); } } }

注释1处的performLaunchActivity方法用来启动Activity ，注释2处的代码用来将Activity 的状态置为Resume。如果该Activity为null则会通知ActivityManager停止启动Activity。来查看performLaunchActivity方法做了什么：
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) { ... ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo; //1 if (r.packageInfo = = null) { r.packageInfo = getPackageInfo(aInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo, Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE); //2 } ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent(); //3 ... Activity activity = null; try { java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader(); activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity( cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent); //4 ... } } catch (Exception e) { ... } try { Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation); //5... if (activity != null) { Context appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r, activity); //6 ... } /** *7 */ activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token, r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent, r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config, r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window); ... if (r.isPersistable()) { mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState); //8 } else { mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state); } ... } return activity; }

注释1处用来获取ActivityInfo，在注释2处获取APK文件的描述类LoadedApk。注释3处获取要启动的Activity的ComponentName类， ComponentName类中保存了该Activity的包名和类名。注释4处根据ComponentName中存储的Activity类名，用类加载器来创建该Activity的实例。注释5处用来创建Application， makeApplication方法内部会调用Application的onCreate方法。注释6处用来创建要启动Activity的上下文环境。注释7处调用Activity的attach方法初始化Activity， attach方法中会创建Window对象（ PhoneWindow）并与Activity自身进行关联。注释8处会调用Instrumentation的callActivityOnCreate方法来启动Activity：
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Instrumentation.java

public void callActivityOnCreate(Activity activity, Bundle icicle, PersistableBundle persistentState) { prePerformCreate(activity); activity.performCreate(icicle, persistentState); //1 postPerformCreate(activity); }

注释1处调用了Activity的performCreate方法，代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Activity.java

final void performCreate(Bundle icicle) { restoreHasCurrentPermissionRequest(icicle); onCreate(icicle); mActivityTransitionState.readState(icicle); performCreateCommon(); }

performCreate方法中会调用Activity的onCreate方法，这样Activity就启动了，即应用程序就启动了。
应用程序启动过程就讲到这里，最后附上ActivityThread启动Activity的时序图。